2017年华侨大学真题710英语综合硕士研究生专业课考试试题

华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷

（答案必须写在答题纸上）

招生专业英语语言文学

科目名称英语综合科目代码710

Part I Error Correction (10 points)

Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

Meanwhile, Qin Zongquan, who take charge of Caizhou a. _ take → took _ Province, ∧now managing to recruit soldiers to strengthen b. _was ∧now _

his own troop. For this reason, Zongquan appointed Xu as c. _ troop → troops_ governor of Guangzhou Province and then tried to assemble

Xu’s soldiers to suppress the agrarian rebellion led by Huang

Chao. Xu, but, hesitated to lead his soldiers to follow the 1. ________________ command of Zongquan, so Zongquan dispatched his own

troops to trounce the troops of Xu. Known that he was not 2. ________________

able to win the battle, Xu led his own soldiers and fled south. 3. ________________

They plundered everywhere they arrived until they entered

Linting County via Nankang County. Soon afterwards they

captured Zhangpu County and now there are tens of 4. ________________ thousands of soldiers in the army. Xu was suspicious and

jealous in nature, and those commanders which were capable 5. ________________

and talented were mostly killed for one or another reason.

Chao himself was quite frightening that he might also be 6. ________________

killed some day.

When the troops arrived Nan’an County, Chao 7. _______________ persuaded his own forward commander to start rebel 8. _______________ against Xu. Chao said, ‘It is because of the threat under

Xu that we abandoned our ancestral tombs and wives and

children to come over here to be thefts and robbers. It is

against own will. Now Xu was sceptical and suspicious,

and capable commanders and talented officers were sure to 9. _______________

be killed. Every one of us cannot guarantee one’s own safety

even for a single day, let alone achieve any success!’

The forward commander was thoroughly disillusioned by

Chao. They looked into each other’s eyes and burst into tears.

Soon afterwards, Chao and his forward commander selected

dozens of vigorous soldiers to ambush Xu among the bamboo

forest. These soldiers awaited Xu’s pass by and then jumped 10. _______________

out from the forest to capture him. Xu was then imprisoned.

Part II Grammar (30 points)

(I) There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)

1. He ought to dismiss the unqualified employees under his supervision, ________?

A. should he

B. ought he

C. shouldn’t he

D. oughtn’t he

2. Sid spends as much time working as he ________.

A. travels C. is travelling

B. does travelling D. has been travelling

3. My deskmate is a reserved person who seldom speaks to me. The underlined part means ________.

A. talkative

B. considerate

C. quiet

D. outgoing

4. Some English words have no exact ________ in Chinese.

A. equivalents

B. equities

C. equals

D. equalities

5. When Columbus embarked ________ his historic voyage, he never imagined that the world history would enter into a new era.

A. upon

B. in

C. at

D. to

6. It is ________ stealing to take a thing away without permission of its owner.

A. nothing better than C. anything rather than

B. nothing less than D. anything but

7. The committee decided to call the meeting ________ because of the typhoon.

A. on

B. off

C. about

D. against

8. If computers ________, many problems on space flight could not have been solved.

A. had not been invented C. were not invented

B. are not invented D. have not invented

9. Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, ________ Holland.

A. that size is four times of C. which size is four times of

B. which size is four times of D. which is four times the size of

10. Having sought asylum in the West for many years, they were ________ granted it.

A. definitely

B. fairly

C. eventually

D. merely

(II) There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. (10 points)

1. He suffers from diabetes, which are a kind of chronic disease.

A B C D

2. There are less diseases in the frigid zones than there are in the torrid zones.

A B C D

3. They are in the possession of a large amount of new information.

A B C D

4. The youth whom they said was the most advanced in the group was the leader.

A B C D

5. This propose was generally considered as not very practical.

A B C D

6. Many families managed to make do with very little income.

A B C D

7. Did you try to support your son? Did you give him any encouraged advice?

A B C D

8. We had all heard that it was a great dam, as modern than any of its kind in the world.

A B C D

9. It may have been at Christmas when John gave Mary a handbag.

A B C D

10. It is for he sat up all night with the patient that the doctor looks tired and sleepy.

A B C D

(III) Rewrite the sentences as required without altering their meanings. (10 points)

1. We were eating dinner. Our guests arrived.

Use ‘while’.

2. The fields don’t require irrigation. The weather is dry in the summer.

Use ‘until’.

3. Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.

Use ‘though’.

4. How many days are there in February if it is a leap year?

Use ‘29’.

5. He said, ‘We love our county.’

Put the sentence into an indirect speech.

6. The other day I met a twelve-year-old boy.

Put the sentence into an attributive clause.

7. A new law is enacted. The law will increase social security taxes by thirty percent.

Use ‘though’.

8. John made her tell him everything.

Transform the sentence into a passive-voice sentence.

9. The meeting was cancelled because of the flu epidemic.

Use ‘call’.

10. You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.

Use ‘if’.

Part III Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement.

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”

In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.

A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…

What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity,

marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

1.The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Line 1,

Para.2) suggests that _______.

A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties

B) the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties

C) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s

D) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s

2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

A) People would not buy more food than was necessary.

B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.

C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.

D) People had effective ways to preserve their food.

3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

A) Inventors.

B) Consumers.

C) Manufacturers.

D) Travelling salesmen.

4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect

on the environment?

A) “Hum away continuously”.

B) “Climatically almost unnecessary”.

C) “Artificially-cooled space”.

D) “With mild temperatures”.

5.What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?

A) Neutral.

B) Critical.

C) Objective.

D) Compromising.

Passage Two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.

I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.

As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.

6.In what way can we make a machine intelligent?

A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.

B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.

C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.

D) By reproducing it.

7.What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?

A) He believes they will be useful to human beings.

B) He believes that they will control us in the future.

C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.

D) He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.

8.The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.

A) intelligent robots

B) a chemical element

C) an organic substance

D) human beings

9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.

A) its intelligence and cost are beyond question

B) it is able to bear the rough environment

C) it is made as complex as the human brain

D) its architecture is different from that of the present ones

10.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable

of self-reproduction

B) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility

of making a machine with human-like ability

C) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligence

D) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space

Passage Three

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

11.By “…challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ________.

A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon

B) no explanation has been made up to now

C) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation

D) it’s high time that an explanation was provided

12.The third paragraph is mainly about ______.

A) the development of babies’ early forms of language

B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak

C) babies’ strong desire to communicate

D) babies’ intention to communicate

13.The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ______.

A) usually obey without asking questions

B) are passive in the process of learning to speak

C) are born cooperative

D) learn to speak by listening

14.From the passage we learn that _______.

A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months

B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises

C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak

D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak

15.The best for this passage would be ______.

A) How Babies Learn to Speak

B) Early Forms of Language

C) A Huge Task for Children

D) Noise Making and Language Learning

Passage Four

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.

In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

16.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.

A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B) the amount of monetary rewards for student’ creativity

C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences

D) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance

17.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

A) They have no doubts about them.

B) They have doubts about them.

C) They approve of them.

D) They avoid talking about them.

18.Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert

Eisenberger?

A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.

C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.

D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.

19.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their

grading standards because they believe ______.

A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

D) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

20.The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para.5) probably refers to ________.

A) ways to develop economy

B) systems of rewarding students

C) approaches to solving problems

D) methods of improving performance

Part IV Linguistics (30 points)

(I) Define the following terms with examples where necessary. (9 points)

(1) arbitrariness

(2) phonology

(3) inflectional morphemes

(II) Put “T” for true and “F” for false for the following statements. (10 points)

(1) Languages cannot be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future. ( )

(2) Complete synonyms, i.e. synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances, are rare. ( )

(3) A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. ( )

(4) When someone is not saying in an explicit and straightforward manner what he means to say, rather he is trying to put across his message in an implicit, roundabout way, we can say he is using indirect language. ( )

(5) Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same

form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. ( )

(III) Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between language acquisition and second language acquisition. (5 points)

(IV) Try to think of a context in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating fact. (6 points)

(1) The music of the movie is good.

(2) You have been keeping my notes for a whole week now.

Part V British and American Literature (30 points)

(I) Fill in the following blanks with appropriate items of information. (10 points)

1.Paradise Lost, written by _____①____, is an epic based on the biblical story of Satan,

Adam and Eve.

2. Tom Jones, a novel written by ②, offers a panoramic view of English

Society in the author’s times.

3. Laurence Sterne’s _______③_______is an experimental novel with its unusual narrative

strategies.

4. The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 by William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and

_______④_________ (1772-1834), is a significant event in English literary history.

5. A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris is ________⑤______s’ best-known

historical novel.

6. _________⑥__________, the tragic story of a pure country girl, has been read as one of

Thomas Hardy’s best-known novel.

7. ________⑦_________ and _______⑧______ are the most important authors of American

Transcendentalism.

8. The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903) and The Golden Bowl (1904) were

successful novels by __________⑨_________ in the early 20th century.

9. In 1961, Joseph Heller published his__________⑩___________, a classic of Black

Humor.

(II) Comment briefly on ANY ONE of the following topics. (20 points)

1. Gothic fiction

2. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales

3. A story by or novel by Nathanial Hawthorne

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2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一） Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A] that [B] when [C] why [D] where 2.[A] fades [B] improves [C] collapses [D] recovers 3.[A] Unless [B] While [C] Once [D] If 4.[A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure 5.[A] relationship [B] environment [C] wellbeing [D] outlook 6.[A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns 7.[A] responses [B] associations [C] workouts [D] roundabouts 8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions 9.[A] channel [B] process [C] condition [D] sequence

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2018年上半年教师资格证考试初级英语真题

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