备战高考英语阅读理解综合练习题及详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit

Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village:

Claudio's

If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance.

Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market

It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view.

The Times Vintage

Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets.

Greenport Fire

Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco.

（1）What's special about Greenport?

A. It is a place full of energy.

B. It is a famous port in the world.

C. It is a combination of new and old.

D. It is a popular place of interest.

（2）What can you do in The Times Vintage?

A. You can enjoy delicious oysters.

B. You can buy some old things.

C. You can find hand-rolled cigars.

D. You can have Baccano Pizza.

（3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________.

A. Claudio's

B. Little Creek Oyster

C. Greenport Fire

D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here

are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village…”但现在感觉很时髦。这里有四个地方体现了这个村庄新旧活力的融合。可知，绿港融合了新旧事物。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. ”如今，这家精心设计的商店出售黑胶唱片、大量的老式服装和家居装饰用品，包括20世纪中期的highball电视机。可知，在The Times Vintage能买到一些老式的东西。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“...and several are sold here —hot sauces, cigars and candles. ”其中有几种在这里出售——辣酱、雪茄和蜡烛。可知，喜欢抽烟的人应该对Greenport Fire感兴趣。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.

Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.

"Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage," Choi says. "They are cheap and self-repairing." What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.

This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.

Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.

（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?

A. They are mainly used to run smartphones.

B. They use bacteria to generate electricity.

C. They are used to decorate small devices.

D. They take a much shorter time to recharge.

（2）What can the paper-based batteries do?

A. Power tiny devices.

B. Lower blood sugar levels.

C. Produce much electricity.

D. Change chemicals in the paper.

（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A. The application of the new battery.

B. The characteristics of the paper batteries.

C. The intention to invent the device.

D. The working principle of the invention.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的"This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们"Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

From quiet paths by a stream in a forest to busy roads running through a city, people have created various forms of routes in different places. These now exist all around us, and their use is imperative for societies. These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives.

Early routes were often formed naturally on land. They gradually developed over long periods of time while people traveled them on foot or horseback. A significant turning point in their history arrived when the first wheeled carts appeared in ancient times. Once this happened, people recognized the importance of well-maintained routes. Therefore, towns, cities, and entire countries improved them. As a result, life became more convenient, communities grew, economies evolved, and cultures expanded.

People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things. For instance, in the old, Japanese city of Edo, water routes were used for the transportation of agricultural products, seafood, and wood. People have also opened routes across the sea. The seaways were critical for the navigation of ships, particularly in the days when they moved mainly by wind power. Using these sea routes, people could travel great distances, and go to places they had not previously been able to reach.

People have gone on to open routes in the sky as well. Since the invention of the airplane, they have made it possible to travel long distances easily. Eventually, people became able to travel safely and comfortably high in the sky, and going vast distances only took a small amount of time. Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication. They can also instantly send messages to large numbers of people all at once.

As long as there have been people, there have been routes to connect them. Currently unknown routes will surely take us even further in the future.

（1）Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word imperative in paragraph 1?

A.accidental

B.industrial

C.essential

D.traditional

（2）Why is the example of Edo introduced in paragraph 3?

A.To describe the difficulty of creating routes on the water.

B.To emphasize the fact that it was an important city.

C.To explain the use of water routes to move along the coastlines.

D.To illustrate the important roles of water routes for cities.

（3）What does paragraph 5 tell us about routes?

A.Routes can be thought of as existing invisibly in the world.

B.Routes that move information can be regarded as dangerous.

C.The fundamental functions of routes are declining.

D.The importance of different kinds of routes is the same.

（4）What is the main idea of this article?

A.Humankind first created various types of convenient routes on land.

B.Improvements in transportation have come at great cost.

C.Technology has interfered with opening up routes around the world.

D.The advancement of humanity was aided by the development of routes.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives."可知，这些路线使人们能够快速、安全地从一个地方到另一个地方移动、运输物品和发送信息。纵观历史，它们在我们的日常生活中一直很重要，因此它们的使用对于社会来说是必不可少的，由此可知画线词词义为"必要的"，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things."可知，人们也在水上建立了路线，河流和运河已经成为人们走动和搬运东西的有效途径，紧接着举日本江户这个例子就是为了证明这一点，即：水路对城市有着重要作用，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication."可知，如今，我们有一种新的路线——互联网，通过使用这条世界性的途径，人们可以很容易地获得以前主要从书本和面对面的交流中获得的信息，与传统的陆路、水路以及空路相比，互联网这种新的路线是无形的，由此可知，路线可以被认为是无形地存在于这个世界上，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展，由此可知，本文介绍的是人类的进步得益于路线的发展，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.

In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those "fortunate" few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.

The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation(适度).

You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.

For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived(睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.（1）Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?

A. Few people have time to sleep too much.

B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm.

C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern.

D. People's health has nothing to do with it.

（2）What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Those leading a relaxing life. B. Those getting too much sleep.

C. Those with less time to sleep.

D. Those with no sleep problems.

（3）What can be learned from the 2019 study?

A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people.

B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.

C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.

D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk.

（4）What is the main idea of the text?

A. It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.

B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.

C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.

D. People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.“可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.”这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择；以及第二段中的“…they may not be so lucky after all. In fact，they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk“他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Resear chers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.“研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much.“可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Last week, Vodafone started a test of the UK's first full 5G service, available for use by businesses in Salford. It is part of its plan to trial the technology in seven UK cities. But what can we expect from the next generation of mobile technology?

One thing we will see in the preparation for the test is lots of tricks with the new tech. Earlier this year, operators paid almost ￡ 1.4 billion for the 5G wavelengths, and to compensate for that cash, they will need to catch the eye of consumers. In September, Vodafone used its bit of the range to display the UK's first hologram (全息) call. The Manchester City captain Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram in Newbury. It isn't all holograms, however: 5G will offer faster internet access, with Ofcom (英国通讯管理局) suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on 4G will be available in just a second.

The wider application is to support connected equipment on the "internet of things" -not just the internet-enabled fridge that can reorder your milk for you, but the network that will enable driverless cars and delivery drones (无人机) to communicate with each other.

Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than a new technology. Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rolling out wider rural broadband access and addressing current network

coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole.

Obviously, 5G will also bring a cost to consumers. It requires a handset for both 5G and 4G, and the first 5G-enabled smart phones are expected in the coming year. With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely that consumers will end up upgrading to a new 5 G phone well before 5 G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.

（1）Why does Prof William Webb say "the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes"?

A. He is in favor of the application of the new technology.

B. 5G will bring a cost to consumers in their daily life.

C. 5G helps people communicate better with each other.

D. He prefers more money to be spent on 4G networks.

（2）The underlined word "addressing" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to________.

A. making a speech to

B. trying to solve

C. managing to decrease

D. responding to （3）The last paragraph indicates that .

A. it'll take several years .to make 5G accessible to the public in the UK

B. 5G service shows huge development potential and a broad market

C. customers are eager to use 5G smart phones instead of 4G ones

D. it's probable that 5G network rollout is speeding up in Britain

（4）What do we know about the text?

A. Vodafone is successful in spreading the 5G service.

B. Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram by 4G.

C. The application of 5G will make life much easier.

D. 5G phones are available in rural areas of the UK.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是4G向5G的转变。5G会给人们带来更多的好处，使人们的生活更加舒适。

（1）细节理解题。根据第四段中Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than a new technology. 可知，Prof William Webb说“这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在4G 网络上。故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第四段中Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rolling out wider rural broadband access and addressing current network coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole.“其他不同的声音表示，集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接入，解决目前的网络覆盖问题，将对整个英国更有利。”由此推知划线词的意思是“试图解决”。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely that consumers will end up upgrading to a new 5 G phone well before 5 G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.可知，最后一段指出，让5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据第二段中5G will offer faster internet access, with Ofcom (英国通讯管理局) suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on 4G will be available in just a second.可知，5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.

He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.

In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.

（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument

B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest

D. function as a brief introduction

（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.

（3）What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.

B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.

D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination

B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams

D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

7．阅读理解

Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier.

The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of

trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.

Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food companies want you to want junk food." They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to^ promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.

Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them," Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older.

After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.

（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?

A. To express his doubts about junk food.

B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.

C. To describe the situation of junk food.

D. To introduce the topic for discussion.

（2）What remains a great health challenge to doctors?

A. Making people do more exercise.

B. Making people eat healthily.

C. Making people lose weight.

D. Making people prefer junk food.

（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?

A. What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.

B. What influences junk food can have on consumers.

C. How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.

D. Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.

（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?

A. Shocking.

B. Popular.

C. Effective.

D. Abstract.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？Do you eat it anyway? 你仍然还吃垃圾食品？是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one

trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们（食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

"If they hated me they didn't talk to me about it," says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word "boss".

Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.

The country's population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire, fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of 15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.

As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of "anger, fear and disgust." People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.

German firms certainly shouldn't return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age-

mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.

（1）For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To present an argument.

C. To attract readers' interest.

D. To describe his own idea.

（2）Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany?

A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.

B. Such situations are becoming more common.

C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.

D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.

（3）In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?

A. When he has to decide whom to promote.

B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.

C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.

D. When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.

（4）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.

B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.

C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.

D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.

B. Older workers should support younger managers.

C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.

D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to manage.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word ’boss‘.“不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。提到的事例以及第二段中的”Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means

that such situations are becoming even more common.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的”A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. “一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的”But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

During your four years in the college, you'll have many exciting choices to make, the first of which will be your course selection for your first semester. The beauty of this choice is that you can't go wrong! No matter which one of our First-Year Options you select to apply for, you will create a rich intellectual experience to begin your college career.

Option 1: Liberal Arts Seminar

The Liberal Arts Seminar is a multidisciplinary(多学科的)course that explores the cultural history of the Mediterranean through fictional and nonfictional books.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select between one and four additional courses

to complete your schedule.

Option 2: FLL Hager Scholars Program

The FLL Hager Scholars Program is designed with our most ambitious students of languages and linguistics in mind, and is designed to create for them both a sense of community and opportunities for intellectual growth.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select between one and three additional courses to complete your schedule.

Option 3: Ignatius Seminars

Offered only in the first semester, Ignatius Seminars introduce students to the depth and diversity of Georgetown's dynamic intellectual community.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will select three or four additional courses to complete your schedule.

Option 4: Traditional First-Year Academic Program

With this program, you'll take your first step into the college's rich and varied core courses and explore your fields of interest in free optional coursework.

Fall schedule: When Registration opens, you will build a schedule of four or five additional courses from the full college curriculum.

（1）How do students learn the cultural history of the Mediterranean?

A. By completing the schedule.

B. By writing fictional books.

C. By selecting l or 4 courses.

D. By reading materials of this area.

（2）Which program is suitable for a student interested in languages?

A. Option 1.

B. Option 2.

C. Option 3.

D. Option 4.

（3）What's a possible reason for choosing Option 4?

A. It is designed for language learners.

B. It provides various courses for free.

C. It introduces you to areas of interest.

D. It is only offered in the first semester.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，在大学的四年里，你会有很多令人兴奋的选择，第一个是你第一学期的课程选择。这个选择的美妙之处在于你不会出错！无论你选择申请哪一个，你都将为你的大学生涯创造一个丰富的智力体验。作者介绍了大学生对课程的四种选择。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Option 1:Liberal Arts Seminar部分中的“The Liberal Arts Seminar is a multidisciplinary（多学科的）course that explores the cultural history of the Mediterranean through fictional and nonfictional books. ”人文学科研讨会是一门多学科课程，通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史，可知，学生通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史。由此可知，学生是通过阅读该地区的资料来学习地中海的文化历史的。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据Option 2:FLL Hager Scholars Program部分中的“The FLL Hager Scholars Program is designed with our most ambitious students of languages and linguistics in mind, and is designed to create for them both a sense of community and opportunities for intellectual growth.”FLL Hager Scholars P rogram的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言

学学生服务，旨在为他们创造一种社区感和智力成长的机会，可知，Option 2的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务。可知，对语言感兴趣的学生可以选择Option 2:FLL Hager Scholars Program。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Option 4: Traditional First-Year Academic Program部分中的“With this program, you'll take your first step into the college's rich and varied core courses and explore your fields of interest in free optional coursework.”有了这个项目，你将迈出你的第一步，进入大学丰富多样的核心课程，在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。可知，Option 4在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。可推知，Option 4能把你领进你感兴趣的领域，这应该是学生选择Option 4的原因。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

People who sleep fewer than six hours a night are more likely to die early, researchers in University of Warwick have found in a recent study. They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night.

The researchers pointed out that previous studies had shown that the lack of sleep was associated with problems like heart disease and high blood pressure. However, the researchers also found that sleeping too much was linked to an early death. Those who slept for more than nine hours a night were 30% more likely to die early, as an article in the latest Sleep suggested. That directly contradicts another passage in the same journal last month suggesting that people who slept for ten hours or longer a night were more likely to live to 100. This was thought to be because people who lived into extreme old age were healthier and therefore slept better.

However, the authors of the latest research contradicted this and suggested that long sleep was a sign of underlying illnesses such as depression and low levels of physical activity. Professor Francesco Cappuccio at the University of Warwick said: "While short sleep may represent a cause of ill-health, long sleep is believed to represent more an indicator of ill-health."

He also mentioned: "Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers, suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours. On the other hand, the worsening of our health is often accompanied by an extension of our sleeping time."

"Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the working environments," Professor Francesco Cappuccio added.

（1）What did researchers in University of Warwick find?

A. People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night die before 65.

B. Sleeping for more than 9 hours a night does good to one's health.

C. Six to eight hours' sleep can be appropriate for people.

D. People at an old age are healthier because they sleep longer.

（2）What is Professor Francesco Cappuccio most likely to agree with?

A. Long sleep is what causes our health problems.

B. Modern people sleep less because they work longer.

C. Our health becomes worse because we sleep less.

D. How long we sleep depends on our education.

（3）What did the researcher think may help people have proper sleep?

A. Social pressure.

B. Longer working hours.

C. Extension of sleeping time.

D. Changes of working environments.

（4）What can be the best title for this passage?

A. How Long Should We Sleep

B. Longer Sleep Makes Better Health

C. Time to Sleep Early

D. The Importance of Sleep

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更大。每晚睡6至8小时最合适。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night."可知，研究者们发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。由此可知，每晚睡足6至8小时是比较合适的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers, suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours"可知，Professor Francesco Cappuccio认为：现代社会中，人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模式在全职工作者中更为常见，这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the working environments"可知，能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获得适当睡眠的方法之一。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段点明研究结果：每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这种结果的原因，解决方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此为中心展开。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or apple seeds in your bed—it's hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can't say I was surprised. But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多动症), when I was a junior at Yale.

According to a new study, 11% of school-age children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16% increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are dangerous.

Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an all-too-common story for women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different from those typically expressed in males.

Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with ADHD are not diagnosed. "The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys." Ellen says.

Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.

"Often, if girls are smart or in supportive homes, symptoms are masked," Dr.Ellen says. "Girls will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and concentrating as character flaws(缺陷)."

These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects, but drug has helped it and made it more bearable.

（1）The writer presents the first paragraph to .

A. air her view with an example

B. bring up the topic of the passage

C. show young people's messiness

D. prove Yale also has ADHD students

（2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because .

A.the diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD

B.they are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms

C.they don't view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD

D.women ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys

（3）What does the word "skepticism" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.panic.

B.stubbornness.

C.debate.

D.doubt.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Why female ADHD patients develop the disease.

B.Why many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed.

C.How young ADHD patients are cured of the disease.

D.How much help ADHD patients can get from medication.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD（多动症）,when I was a junior at Yale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.可知诊断多动症的标准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活跃的男孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first.My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.可知作者一开始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是"怀疑"，故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀疑诊断结果；第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想

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Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few

years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

（1）Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?

A. Academic.

B. Unattractive.

C. Inexpensive.

D. Confidential.（2）What did street sales mean to newspapers?

A. They would be priced higher.

B. They would disappear from cities.

C. They could have more readers.

D. They could regain public trust.

（3）Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?

A. Local politicians.

B. Common people.

C. Young publishers.

D. Rich businessmen.（4）What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?

A. It was a difficult process.

B. It was a temporary success.

C. It was a robbery of the poor.

D. It was a disaster for printers.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。

（1）细节理解题。将题干中的 1830s 定位在文章的第一段，根据these amounts were forbidding to most citizens 和 most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience 可知，当时只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。A . Academic学术的；

B. Unattractive没有吸引力，无魅力的；

C. Inexpensive廉价的，不贵的；

D. Confidential机密的，保密的。故答案为B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买到报纸。结合第三段中间的 street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities 可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。故答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第二段中的 referring to papers made widely available to the public 可知，这种“便士报纸”是针对大众的，在街上可以买得到报纸。所以这种报纸针对的是普通老百姓，故答案为B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的did not begin well … immediate failures …可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文，阅读时把握文章的主旨，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅

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