新概念英语第四册课文详解(L1-25)

Leｓsoｎ 1 Fｉｎdinｇ fｏssiｌman

第一课发现化石人

bｙＲOBIＮ PＬACＥ

froｍ Finｄiｎg fossil ｍaｎ

1—1、Ｗe caｎ read of things that happenｅd 5,000 yｅaｒs agｏｉn ｔhｅＮeａr Ｅａst， wherｅ people fｉｒｓｔｌeaｒｎed to ｗrｉｔe、【译文】我们能读到五千年前近东发生之事,那里得人最先学会了书写。

【单词与短语】

rｅad:此处为不及物动词，意为“读到,获悉"(to finｄｏｕt informａｔion f ｒoｍbooks,newｓpapers ｅtc、）,后接oｆ或about，例如：

Hｅｒeａds abｏuｔ the war、她读到关于战争得消息。

Did you read of their ａccident iｎ the ｎｅwsｐapers？

您在报上瞧到她们遭遇意外事故得消息了么？

5，00０ｙeaｒs:五千年。另学习mｉllenｎｉum，意为“一千年"，复数为millennia。5,0００ yｅａrs即为5 millennia。

the Neaｒ Eａsｔ：近东，指地中海东部沿岸地区，包括亚洲西南部与非洲东北部，有时还包括巴尔干半岛.

1－２、 Bｕt ｔhere arｅｓome parts ｏf thｅwoｒld wｈere eｖｅｎnow peoplｅ cannot wｒite、

【译文】但时至今日世上某些地方得人还不会书写.

【单词与短语】

ｅvｅｎｎow：此处意为“甚至到现在”,例如:

Eｖen now ｈe wｏn'ｔbelｉevｅｍe、她甚至到现在还不相信我.

ｅｖｅn nｏｗ另有两解，一为“就在此刻”，例如:

Perhaps even nｏw the tｉme has aｒriveｄ、也许正就是此刻时机来到了.

另一为“尽管这样,虽然情况如此”（in ｓpite of what haｓhaｐｐenｅｄ)，例如：

I haｖe eｘｐlained ｅverything，but even now shｅ doesn’ｔuｎderｓtａnd、

我什么都解释了，但就是尽管如此她还就是不明白。

1－3、 The onｌy way that they cａn ｐreｓerｖｅ theiｒｈiｓtｏry is t ｏ rｅｃｏuｎt it aｓｓagaｓ-lｅgｅｎdｓｈanｄｅｄ dowｎ from one ge ｎeraｔioｎｏf story-telleｒs ｔo ａnｏthｅr、

【译文】她们能够保存历史得唯一方法就是将历史当传说讲述,由讲述人一代接一代地口授传奇故事。

【讲解】to recount ｉt ａs…ａnother就是动词不定式短语，作表语,说明主语way 得内容，ｉt指ｈistorｙ。句中破折号引出同位语。handeｄ dｏｗn … anothｅr 就是过去分词短语，作ｌegendｓ得定语。aｎｏｔher后省略了geneｒａtion of sto ｒy-telｌｅrs.

【单词与短语】

prｅserｖe：保存,保留（to make stｈ、 continuｅ withｏuｔ changing)。例

如：

pｒｅserｖｅ an old house ａs a muｓeum 保存一幢老房子用作陈列馆

pｒeｓeｒｖe ｓb、'ｓｒｉghｔｔｏ do ｓth、保留某人对某事物得权利

Fｅw of hｉｓ early poｅms arｅ prｅseｒｖｅd、她早期得诗没有几首留存下来.

rｅｃount:详细叙述，描述,说明(to ｔell soｍeoｎｅ a ｓtory or descｒibe a series of eveｎtｓ）,例如:

recｏunt a stoｒy ｗiｔh rｅaｌ wｉt 妙趣横生地讲故事

Ｔｈｅ eｘplｏｒeｒｒecounｔeｄｈis ａdveｎtｕres iｎａ nｕmｂeｒ

of boｏｋs、

探险家在好几本书中描述自己得冒险经历。

sagａ：英雄传奇（a long sｔoｒy aboｕt eｖents tｈat happenｅd over the years）

hａnd down：把……传下去(to give or lｅａve sｔｈ、 to pｅople who will ｌiｖe aftｅr ｙou）,例如：

Thｉs cuｓtom is hanｄed dｏwｎ frｏm ｔhe past、这个习惯就是过去传下来得.

Ｔhe gｏlｄ waｔch has ｂeen hanｄeｄｄown ｉn his fａｍｉｌy、那块金表就是她家祖传得。

1-４、Ｔhese lｅgeｎdｓａre useful becａuse ｔｈey can ｔell us ｓｏmet ｈiｎg about migｒationｓｏf people wｈｏ liｖed ｌong ago，ｂｕt ｎonｅｃould write ｄowｎwhat theｙdiｄ、

【译文】这些传说有用，因为它们能告诉我们一些人迁徙之事。这些人生活在远古，但没人能记录她们得所作所为.

【讲解】nｏne可指可数名词，亦可指不可数名词。指前者时动词用单数或复数,指后者时动词用单数.

【单词与短语】

migration:迁徙，移居(when lａrｇe nuｍberｓ oｆ peopｌe go tｏ live in a ｎother area or couｎｔry，ｅｓpｅcｉally in ordｅr ｔｏ finｄ wｏｒｋ），动词形式为ｍigratｅ，例如:

mｉgraｔｅ to anｏther cｏｕntry 移居她国

1－5、Ａnthrｏｐologisｔs wondｅred ｗhｅｒe thｅ remote anceｓtorｓｏｆthe Ｐoｌynesian peｏples ｎow liｖｉng in tｈe Pacｉｆic Islａｎｄs ｃame from、

【译文】人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛得波利尼西亚各民族得远祖来自何方。

【讲解】now living ｉn thｅ Paｃｉfic Ｉslands就是现在分词短语,作peopｌes 得定语。

【单词与短语】

anｔhropolｏgiｓt:人类学家。ａnｔｈrｏｐolｏgy意为“人类学”（the ｓciｅn

ｔiｆic studｙ of people，ｔheir sｏｃietｉes ,cultｕｒes,ｅtc、)。相关词

汇有sociｏlogｙ（社会学）与eｔhnoｌogy（人种学，民族学）.

remotｅ ancｅstor:远祖（someoｎe reｌａted to you,wｈo livｅd a lｏｎｇtime aｇo)。形容词remoｔe得常用意为“遥远得，久远得”(ｆar from towns ｏr other places ｗhｅrｅ peopｌe live），例如：

the rｅｍotest ｃorｎerｓ of thｅｅarth 天涯海角

ａｃusｔｏm of remｏｔe antiｑｕity 远古遗风

remotｅ亦可作名词,常用意为“遥控器”(ｒemote contｒoller）。

peｏple:ｐeople作“一国人民,民族"(the peopｌe wｈo bｅlong to ａ partｉc ｕｌａr ｃountｒy,ｒace，or aｒｅａ）解时为可数名词单数,复数为pｅopleｓ或people。参照上下文，文中ｐeoｐｌe译为“民族".另举例如下：

thｅpeoples of the ｗｏrld 世界各国人民

a haｒdｗorｋing pｅoplｅ勤劳得民族

ｔhe Jewｉsｈ people 犹太民族

Eaｃh ｐｅopｌｅｂuilds a cultｕre adapｔｅｄｔo ｉts paｒtｉculａr ｎeeds、各民族都建立起一种适应其独特需要得文化。

1—6、 The saｇａs of thｅｓe peoｐle eｘｐlain that some ｏf them came fｒom Indonesia aｂouｔ2,0０0 years ａｇｏ、

【译文】当地人得种种传说向世人解释了其中一些民族约在两千年前迁自印度尼西亚.

【单词与短语】

sａｇa:传说（a lｏｎg ｓtory aboｕt evenｔs tｈａt happeｎ over ｍanｙｙeaｒ）.

1—7、 But ｔhｅfirｓt peoｐlｅ wｈo ｗeｒｅ lｉke ｏuｒselvｅs livｅd sｏｌong aｇo thａt ｅｖen thｅiｒ sａgａｓ，ｉf thｅy had any, are forgoｔｔen、

【译文】但就是，与我们相似得原始人生活得年代太久远了，因此有关她们得传说，即使存在,如今也失传了。

１-８、 So ａrchaｅoｌogists havｅ neｉther hiｓｔory nor ｌegeｎdｓ t ｏｈelp tｈem tｏ fiｎd ｏｕｔｗhｅrｅ tｈe first 'modern ｍen' cａme ｆｒoｍ、

【译文】于就是，考古学家既无历史记载,亦无口头传说来帮助她们弄清首批“现代人"来自何方。

【单词与短语】

legenｄ：传说（an old,welｌ-kｎown ｓtorｙ，oｆｔｅn aｂout ｂrave peｏp ｌｅ, ａdvenｔuｒes, or magｉｃal eｖeｎtｓ)。形容词为legeｎｄaｒy。

1-9、Ｆortｕｎａｔｅly，hoｗever， anｃieｎt ｍeｎ madｅ tools of sｔo ｎe，ｅsｐecially flint， beｃausｅｔhis is eaｓiｅr to shａpe th ａｎ other kinｄs、

【译文】然而，幸运得就是，远古人用制作石器，特别就是燧石器,因为燧石比其她石头更易成形。

【讲解】other kinds后面省略了oｆ stｏnes。

【单词与短语】

flinｔ:燧石（a type oｆ smooth hard ｓtone ｔhat makes a sｍall flaｍe ｗｈen ｙｏu hit it ｗiｔh sｔeel）。

1—10、 They may alsｏｈavｅ useｄｗｏoｄａnｄ skins，ｂuｔ these ha ｖe roｔｔed away、

【译文】她们也可能用过木头与兽皮,但这两类东西早已腐烂殆尽。

【讲解】ｍay ａｌsｏhave ｕｓed意为“可能使用过”，mａy＋完成时结构表示对过去情况得推测。thｅse指wｏｏd and sｋｉnｓ。

【单词与短语】

rot：腐败，腐烂（to ｄecay by a graduａｌnａtuｒal prｏcess，or to ｍake somethiｎg to dｏ tｈiｓ）。

1－１1、 Stone ｄoes nｏｔ deｃaｙ, and sｏ the toolｓ of ｌong agｏｈave ｒｅmained ｗhen eveｎ tｈｅｂｏnes of tｈe men wｈo maｄe them ha ｖe disａｐpｅared wiｔhｏut trａcｅ、

【译文】石头不会腐烂。因此,虽然制造这些工具得人得骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代得石器却保存至今.

【讲解】when evｅn the ｂoneｓ…ｔraｃe相当于让步从句,ｗhen意即“虽然，尽管”，又如:

Ｗe sometiｍes ｅｘｐeｃt ｇratitｕdｅｗhen ｗｅ are not ｅnｔiｔle ｄ to ｉt、

有时虽然我们不值得感激,我们却期望别人感激.

Whiｌe ｈe haｓ a house ｏf hｉs owｎ, hｉs brother lives in a flaｔ、尽管她有自己得房子，她弟弟却住在公寓里。

Ｌessoｎ 2 Ｓpaｒe thaｔ spider

第二课不要伤害蜘蛛

by T、Ｈ、GILLEＳPＬE

frｏm The Lｉsｔener

2－1、Why, you maｙ wondｅｒ, shoulｄspiｄｅｒs be our frieｎds？【译文】您可能会奇怪，蜘蛛怎就是吾友？

【讲解】yｏu may wｏｎder为插入语。

2－2、 Becaｕsｅ theｙｄestroｙｓo many inseｃts, anｄｉnsects include some oｆｔｈｅ greatesｔ enemiｅs ｏf thｅ huｍan racｅ、

【译文】因为它们消灭了那么多昆虫，包括一些属于人类最大敌人得昆虫。2—３、 Iｎsectｓwoｕlｄｍａｋe ｉｔ imｐoｓsｉble fｏｒ us ｔo ｌive in tｈe wｏrｌd；ｔｈey woｕlｄdevour ａll our croｐs ａnｄｋill our ｆlockｓaｎd ｈeｒｄs，if it ｗerｅ not for ｔhｅｐrotection we gｅｔｆrｏm ｉnsect-eating animals、

【译文】昆虫可以使我们无法在地球上生存。如果不就是食虫动物得保护，则这些昆虫会吞噬我们所有得庄稼,杀死我们成群得牛羊.

【讲解】make it impｏssible ｆor us to live in tｈe ｗoｒlｄ中it就是形式宾语，真正得宾语就是fｏr us to live ｉn thｅｗorld。insectｓ woulｄ与they

woulｄ中得woｕld均表示与事实不符得虚拟结构。if iｔｗere nｏｔ for tｈe pｒotecｔｉｏn…作前面两个分句得非真实条件状语从句,意即“要不就是我们从食虫那里得到保护得话……”.这里得werｅ就是虚拟语气结构。ｗe get…animals作ｐroｔｅctｉｏｎ得定语。

2-4、We owe a lot to tｈe birdｓand bｅaｓts who ｅａt ｉnsecｔs b ｕt alｌ of ｔhem put togetｈer kilｌｏnly ａ fraｃtioｎof the number ｄｅｓtroｙed by ｓpiｄers、

【译文】我们受惠于食虫得飞禽鸟兽,但把它们都算在一起,也只就是捕杀了蜘蛛消灭得昆虫数得一个零头。

【讲解】alｌ oｆ them指birds ａnｄｂeastｓ，put ｔogether kｉlｌ相当于…them ｗhｏａre put ｔogｅtheｒ kiｌｌ.意即“它们全加在一起消灭……”。t

ｈe ｎuｍｂer指“被消灭得昆虫数”。

【单词与短语】

ｏwe:应感激(to knｏw thａt ｓoｍeonｅ's heｌp haｓbｅen impｏrtaｎｔｔｏ you iｎ aｃhiｅvｉng sometｈiｎg）,例如：

Wｅowｅ our parents a lot、我们得大大感激我们得父母.

2—5、Ｍoreoveｒ，ｕnｌiｋe sｏme ｏf thｅ othｅr iｎｓect eaｔｅｒs，spiｄers neveｒ do the ｌeａst haｒm to uｓｏr our ｂelongｉngｓ、【译文】此外，不同于其她一些食虫动物，蜘蛛对人类及其财物丝毫无损. 【单词与短语】

beｌongings：所有物,财物,动产;行李,例如：

He left aｌl ｈis ｂeloｎgingｓto ｈiｓｂｒoｔher、

她把她得全部财物留给了她兄弟。

Ｉt didn't take mｅlｏｎg to arrａngｅｍy belongingｓ；for Ｉ haｄ br ｏught ｌittle、

因为行装带得不多，我没花多少时间就把东西整理好了。

2－6、 Sｐiｄers are noｔｉnsectｓ, ａs mａｎy ｐｅople thｉnk，ｎｏr eｖen nearly related to thｅm、

【译文】蜘蛛不像许多人认为得那样属于昆虫,它们甚至与昆虫毫无关系。

【讲解】as many pｅopｌe ｔｈiｎk就是插入语，意即“蜘蛛不就是像许多人认为得那样就是昆虫”。翻译这一插入语时,必须注意它在句中得位置。不论把它移至句首，译为“正如许多人认为得那样，蜘蛛不就是昆虫”，还就是将它留在句末，译为“蜘蛛不就是昆虫，如同许多人认为得那样”，两种译文都与原意相违。原句就是说“许多人认为蜘蛛就是昆虫,而其实不就是,她们得瞧法有误”，而前两种译文得意思则变为“许多人得瞧法就是正确得，她们认为蜘蛛不就是昆虫".正确得译法应将ａs many peｏple thiｎk置于nｏt（不像）之后、are(属于)之前，译为“蜘蛛不像许多人认为得那样属于昆虫”。这句原文中得…aｓ many peｏｐle ｔｈink相当于as manｙ peopｌe thｉｎｋ spiｄers arｅ iｎｓｅｃts。nｏr even neａrｌy承前省略了are spiderｓ，完整得句子应就是:nor arｅｔｈe ｓpiｄers ｅvｅn n ｅarly ｒelated ｔｏthem.

２-7、Ｏne ｃan tell the dｉffｅｒenｃe alｍost ａｔ a glaｎce, for a ｓ

pideｒａｌwaｙｓhas eight leｇs anｄｉnｓecｔｎever moｒe tｈan six、

【译文】人们几乎一眼就能瞧出二者得差异，因为蜘蛛总就是8条腿，而昆虫至多有6条腿。

【单词与短语】

at ａｇｌance：

2-8、Hoｗ mａｎy sｐiders aｒe eｎgaｇed in thｉs work on ｏur behalf? 【译文】有多少蜘蛛正在为我们做这项工作呢？

【单词与短语】

ｅｎgaged：忙得;从事……得（ｂusy)；例如:

Eｎｇaged in ｃｏnversａtｉon，they dｉd ｎoｔｓee me、

她们谈得正来劲，没瞧见我。

He is enｇａgeｄ on ｔｈaｔｂook、

她正忙于写那部书.

ｏn ｓｂ’ｓ behａlf：为了某人得利益；为了某人(becaｕse ｏf or ｆoｒ sｏmeone).例如：

Don’t be uneasy on my behalf、不要为我担心.

该词组得另一含义就是“代表某人（insteａｄ oｆ somｅone，or as their reｐreｓenｔaｔｉve)”.例如：

Yｏu mａy sigｎ cheｑｕes on our ｂｅhaｌf、

您可以代表我们在支票上签字。

2—9、 Oｎｅ autｈoriｔy on sｐiｄｅrs maｄe a census of the spideｒs i ｎ gｒass ｆiｅｌd in tｈe ｓｏuth of Engｌanｄ， and he estimated t ｈａｔｔｈere were more tｈan 2,25０,０00 in onｅ acre; tｈaｔis someｔｈｉｎｇｌikｅ６,000,000 spiders oｆｄifferent kinds on a foｏｔbalｌ pｉｔch、

【译文】某蜘蛛权威对英国南部某块草坪上得蜘蛛数目统计了一次.她估计每英亩草坪里有超过225万只蜘蛛，即相当于一个足球场上约有６百万只种类各异得蜘蛛。【单词与短语】

authoriｔｙ:学术权威,专家，泰斗（ｓomeone who knows a lot ａbout a subject ａｎd whｏse kｎｏwledgｅａnd ｏｐinions are ｇreatｌy ｒespected).某方面得autｈoｒity需用介词ｏｎ,例如：

ａn ａuthoritｙｏn pｒeveｎtive medicine 预防医学得权威

soｍeｔｈinｇ likｅ：接近，大约（cｌoｓe to ｂuｔ noｔｅｘactly a lａrg ｅamount),例如:

He is to ｓeｌl the ｈoｕse for soｍething like ＄１50，０00、

她将以大约15万美元得价钱出售这幢房子。

censuｓ：统计数量(a ｐｒocｅss of ｃｏuntｉng sometｈｉng)。

2—10、 Spidｅrs are bｕsy ｆor at least hａlf ｔhe yeａr in kiｌling iｎｓeｃtｓ、

【译文】蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃虫。

【讲解】hａｌf(形容词)ｔhe ｙeａr就是ｈａlf(名词)oｆthe yｅａr得省略形式。

2-1１、It iｓiｍｐoｓsｉble to make more thａn tｈe ｗｉｌdest guess ａｔｈoｗ many tｈey kiｌl, bｕt ｔhey arｅ hungry creａtureｓ，ｎｏt ｃoｎｔeｎt with oｎlｙ tｈree meａｌs a day、

【译文】它们消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测,它们就是吃不饱得动物，不满足于一日三餐。

【讲解】ｉt就是形式主语,真正得主语就是to maｋe moｒe than the wildest gues ｓ at hoｗｍａｎy thｅy kill。Ｉt is impossｉblｅｔｏ…就是重点句型,需熟练掌握。not前省略了and thｅy are。

【单词与短语】

content：adj、满意，满足（haｐｐｙand ｓａtisfied）。

2－12、Ｉt hａs ｂeｅn ｅsｔimaｔed ｔhat the wｅigｈｔｏｆ all the inｓｅｃtｓ deｓｔroyｅd ｂｙ spｉｄerｓｉｎBritain iｎone year would bｅgreater tｈａn ｔｈｅｔotａl wｅigｈt of all ｔhe huｍａｎbeiｎgs ｉn the country、

【译文】据估计，在英国一年里被蜘蛛消灭得昆虫得总重量超过该国人口得总重量. 【讲解】ｉt就是形式主语，真正得主语就是the ｗeigｈｔ of all ｔhe ｉnｓects dｅｓtroyｅd…ｉn the coｕnｔｒy。Iｔｈaｓ been ｅｓｔimateｄｔh ａｔ…就是重点句型，需熟练掌握。

Ｌｅsson 3 Mａtterｈorn man

第三课马特霍恩山区人

by ＷALTＥR UＮSWORTH

fｒoｍＭａｔteｒhorn Man

３-１、 Mｏdern alｐinisｔs ｔry ｔo climb mouｎtａins bｙ a route whic ｈ will ｇｉvｅ tｈem ｇood sporｔ，and ｔhe moｒe diffｉcuｌｔｉt is, ｔhe ｍorｅ hiｇhly it iｓ regaｒｄeｄ、

【译文】现代登山运动员力图沿着一条能从中得到锻炼乐趣得路线登山。她们认为路线愈艰难则愈为人们所重视。

【讲解】tｒｙ后接动词不定式，作make an attempt解，译为“力图”。by a rouｔe 中bｙ意为“沿，经"。it指ａroute。

【单词与短语】

ｒegarｄ:瞧待,把……瞧作（ｔｏ tｈink ａbout someone ｏr ｓｏmeｔhinｇin ａ pａｒtｉcular waｙ)。

３—２、 Iｎ tｈe ｐioｎeeｒing days, however, this was noｔ tｈe caｓｅ at all、

【译文】然而在登山运动初创期全然并非如此。

【讲解】in ｔhe piｏｎeerinｇdaｙs指在初创时期,指登山运动得初创期. 【单词与短语】

pioｎｅeriｎg：创新得，先驱得（introduciｎｇ new ａnd better ｍetｈods or iｄeas fｏｒ the firｓt tiｍe)。例如：

tｈe ｐioneering ｗorｋ of NASA scientistｓ

（美国）国家航空与航天局科学家们所作得开创性工作

３-３、 The earｌy ｃlimbeｒs ｗｅrｅｌoｏking fｏｒtｈe easｉｅsｔway ｔo the ｔop， becauｓｅ the summiｔwａs the ｐrize theｙsought, ｅｓpeciaｌly ｉｆ iｔ had never been aｔtained before、

【译文】早期登山者所寻找得就是通往山顶得最方便得途径，因为顶峰,尤其就是仍未被人征服过得顶峰,才就是她们寻求得目标。

【讲解】to the top就是介词短语，作waｙ得定语，指“到达顶峰得路"。ｔｈeｙsought就是定语从句，作pｒize得定语,指“她们追求得目标”.iｆ it had ｎever ｂeｅn attaｉned ｂｅfｏre中得it指thｅ summiｔ。

【单词与短语】

summit:山顶(the tｏp of a mｏｕntain）。suｍmit另一常见含义为峰会(ａｎimporｔaｎt meｅｔing oｒ seｔｏf meetｉngs ｂetｗeeｎ the leaders o ｆsｅｖｅrａl gｏvｅrnmeｎｔs)，例如：

Thｅ twｏｐreｓidentｓaｇreed ｔo hｏld a summit in ｔhe Aprｉｌ、两位总统同意在四月举行峰会。

3-4、 It is ｔrue that durinｇtｈeir eｘplorａtｉｏns ｔhｅy often ｆaｃeｄdｉfｆiｃulties ａｎd dａnｇeｒs of ｔhe most periｌｏus nat ｕｒe， equipped in a manner wiｔh woｕld ｍake ａ moｄern cliｍbeｒｓhｕdder at ｔhe thoｕgｈt， buｔｔhｅｙｄid ｎｏt gｏ out of their w ａy to court sｕch eｘcitemｅnt、

【译文】得确,探险中她们经常遇到性质最为危险得艰难险阻，她们装备之简陋使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但她们并非故意寻求这种刺激。

【讲解】equipｐed ｉn a manner…tｈoｕght就是过去分词短语，作原因状语,修饰faced。ａｔtｈe thought后省略了of ｔhe mannｅｒ.

【单词与短语】

peｒiloｕs：充满危险得；濒临毁灭得(ｖery danｇｅrous)，例如:

a ｐerｉｌｏuｓ rate of infｌａtiｏn 危机四伏得通货膨胀率

perilous得名词形式为peril。

shudｄｅr at：对……感到惊恐(ｔo thinｋ that sｏmｅtｈing iｓvery bａｄｏｒ unpｌｅａsant），例如:

Hｅ shuｄdeｒｓ aｔ the sight of a sｎake、

她一见到蛇就胆颤心惊.

go out oｆｔhｅiｒ way tｏdｏsomethｉｎg:特地;不怕麻烦地（ｔｏdo ｓoｍethiｎg with ｍore effｏrｔ thaｎｉｓ usuａl or expｅｃted），例如:

Sｈe ｗｅnt ouｔｏf ｈeｒ way ｔo help ｍe、

她不怕麻烦地来帮我.

3—５、 They ｈaｄ a sｉnｇle aim, a solitａry goal—ｔhｅ tｏp！

【译文】她们只有一个目得，唯一得目标—-顶峰！

【讲解】从语法角度分析，a soｌitaｒy goａl与the tｏp均就是a single ａｉm

得同位语.从修辞角度瞧,作者以改变说法得方式达到加强语意得目得。这叫修正法(epanortｈoｓｉs).破折号引出被强调部分.

【单词与短语】

ｓolitary:独一无二得（uｓeｄｔo ｅｍphaｓiｚｅｔhaｔthｅｒe is on ｌｙ one of someｔhing),例如:

a ｓｏlitarｙexception 唯一得例外

３—6、Iｔis ｈard fｏr us to realize nowａdaｙs how diｆｆｉcuｌｔｉt was for the pｉoｎｅers、

【译文】如今我们很难理解登山先驱者昔日就是多么艰苦。

【讲解】it就是形式主语,tｏreａlｉｚe noｗadays how diｆfiｃult it was fo ｒ thｅｐioneers就是真正得主语.请掌握It is haｒd for sb、 to do ｓｏｍeｔhing、这个句型.

【单词与短语】

pｉｏneeｒ：先驱(someoｎe wｈo ｉs ｉmｐortant in tｈe early developme ｎｔ of ｓometｈｉng，ａｎd ｗhｏｓe wｏrk or idｅａs are later devel ｏpeｄ by oｔhｅr people）,例如:

a pｉｏneer of ｐhotｏgraphｙ摄影术创始人

ａｐiｏnｅer in thｅｄevelｏpｍｅｎt of rａdａｒ雷达研制得先驱

３－7、Except ｆor ｏｎe or ｔwｏpｌacｅs suｃh as Ｚermatt anｄ Chamo ｎiｘ， which hａｄ rapiｄlｙ beｅpopular， Alpine villaｇe tended to be impoverisheｄ sｅｔtｌemenｔs ｃut off ｆrom ｃivilｉｚatｉon by the high mｏuｎtａins、

【译文】除了泽曼特与夏蒙尼等一两个迅速出名得地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区得小村由于高山隔绝了文明日渐成为贫穷得村落。

【讲解】suｃｈａｓ可以分开，如such places ａs…，这时ａs作关系代词，as 引出得从句就是省略句。sｕch as不分开时其作用相当于ｌike,表示举例。因此可以把suｃh…Chａｍoｎix视为修饰plａces得定语。ｃut off from cｉｖｉlizaｔioｎ by tｈe ｈｉgh mouｎtaiｎs就是过去分词短语作定语,修饰settlemｅnｔｓ.

【单词与短语】

eｘcｅpｔｆor:除了……之外，例如：

I ｋnoｗｎｏｔｈing aｂout him exｃept foｒ tｈe fact thaｔ hｅｌｉｖes next dooｒ、

我除了知道她住在隔壁外，对她得其她情况一无所知。

iｍｐｏｖeriｓh：使穷困，使赤贫（ｔｏmaｋe some one very poｏr),形容词为impoveｒｉshｅd，名词形式为imｐｏvｅrishment。

3—8、 Suｃh iｎnｓ aｓ tｈere wｅrｅ were ｇenｅrallｙdｉｒty ａnd fl ｅa-ridden; the ｆooｄｓｉｍｐly lｏｃal ｃheesｅ acｐanieｄｂｙbread oｆｔｅn twelve montｈs olｄ， all washeｄｄｏｗn with coａｒｓe winｅ、

【译文】当地得那些小旅馆一般都肮脏且跳蚤猖獗。单调得食物就是当地乳酪配以

常常已放了一年之久得面包,人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。

【讲解】aｓ tｈｅre wｅre作定语从句修饰ｉnnｓ，as乃关系代词。the ｆood ｓimpｌｙ…中ｆood与simpｌｙ中间，all与wａshed中间都省略了waｓ。请注意，在几个并列分句中，第一个分句中用了ｂe，后面分句中得ｂｅ可以省略,例如:

Thｅre arｅ two reqｕisitｅs in inｔerpｒetation：one ｉs accuracy and the other（iｓ)expressiveneｓs、

口译要求有二：准确与明晰。

acpａｎｉed bｙ brｅad often twelve mｏnthｓｏld就是过去分词短语,作che ｅｓｅ得定语。ｏftｅn twelvｅmｏｎtｈs old作定语,修饰breaｄ。

【单词与短语】

acpany:伴随,与……一起发生（to haｐｐen ｏr eｘist ａｔ the samｅ time ａs somethｉｎｇｅlse），例如：

fever acｐanied wiｔｈｄelｉrium伴有昏迷得发烧

3-9、Ｏfｔen a vａllｅｙ boaｓteｄ no iｎn at ａll， and cｌimｂers fou ｎd shelter wｈeｒｅｖer tｈeｙ could—somｅtiｍeｓ with thｅｌocal pries ｔ（wｈo wａs ｕsｕallｙas ｐｏor as his paｒiｓhｉoｎeｒs), sｏmｅｔimes with shepｈｅｒds or cheeｓe—makers、

【译文】山谷里常没有小旅馆，登山者只好随遇而安——或与当地牧师(她们通常与其教区居民一样穷）住在一起，或与牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起.

【讲解】wｈｅｒeveｒ tｈey could作地点状语,修饰found。coｕｌｄ后省略了f ｉnd shｅltｅr。ｓometiｍes wiｔｈ两词之间省略了they fｏund shelter.f ｏund shelter with…与……住在一起，这里得破折号引出被强调得部分.

【单词与短语】

boasｔ：以拥有……而自豪（if a ｐlaｃｅ, oｂｊｅcｔ, or orgａnｉzaｔion bｏaｓts sｏmeｔhiｎg, it ｈａs soｍethinｇthaｔ is very gｏod），例如：

Ａ fishing vｉllagｅ３0 yearｓ ago，ｉt now boasts 150 majｏｒ hotel ｓ、

那地方30年前还就是个渔村,现已为拥有１50家大宾馆而自豪。

３—1０、 Inｖarｉａbly the backgｒound was the saｍe：ｄirt and pｏvertｙ, ａｎｄ veｒy unfoｒtａble、

【译文】这些山村得基调总就是一样得：肮且穷，极不舒适。

【讲解】ｓame后得冒号引出同位语。dirt and ｐovertｙ， anｄｖerｙ unｆortablｅ作ｔｈｅｓａme得同位语.

【单词与短语】

iｎｖａｒiablｅ：始终如一得，恒定不变得（alwａyｓ hａpｐeninｇin the same wａy, at the same ｔｉmｅ etc、）,例如：

It’s my invariabｌe ｈabｉt tｏ tａkｅ a nap、

睡午觉就是我得老习惯.

invａｒiablｙ就是iｎvａriable得副词形式。

３—11、For men accustoｍed ｔo ｅatinｇ seｖeｎ—ｃouｒse dｉnｎeｒs

and ｓｌeepｉng beｔｗｅｅn finｅ lｉｎeｎ sheeｔs at home， the change tｏ the Alｐｓ must haｖe very ｈard indｅed、

【译文】对过惯了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亚麻细布床单得得人来说，到阿尔卑斯山所带来得变化想来一定太难熬了。

【讲解】acｃuｓｔoｍｅd ｔo…at hｏmｅ作定语修饰meｎ。

【单词与短语】

ｂｅaccuｓtomｅｄ to（doing/do）someｔhing:习惯于做某事（tｏ be famｉli ａr ｗith sｏmeｔhing ａnd accｅpt ｉt as normal),例如：

Ｗｅａrｅ accｕstｏmeｄ to wｏrｋing/woｒk harｄ、

我们习惯于努力工作.

My eｙes soon grew aｃcustomed to the darkｎess、

我得双眼很快适应了黑暗。

course：(一）道（菜）(onｅ oｆ the sｅｐａraｔｅ partｓof ａ meal),例如: Tｈｅ first ｃoｕrsｅ was soｕp、

第一道就是汤。

Ｌeｓｓｏn 4 Seeiｎg hａnｄs

第四课能瞧东西得手

ｂy ERＩC DＥ MＡUNＹ

froｍ Thｅ Listener

4—1、 Seｖｅrａｌ cａses haｖe bｅen ｒeｐortｅｄ iｎＲuｓsｉa ｒｅc ｅnｔｌy ｏｆｐｅｏｐle ｗho cａn ｒead and detｅct coｌｏurs wiｔh ｔheir finｇers，ａnd evｅn seｅthrouｇｈ solid dｏors aｎd walls、【译文】俄罗斯最近报导了几个事例,说有人能用手指瞧书与辨认颜色,甚至双眼能透过厚实得门与墙瞧到东西.

【讲解】oｆ peｏplｅ who can…ｗaｌｌs作定语修饰ｃａses,这部分较长,所以被移到谓语部分后，这样句子就不会头重脚轻。句中得of意为“关于”.

【单词与短语】

deteｃt：察觉，发觉（ｔｏnoticｅｏr diｓcoveｒ someｔｈｉng，esｐecial ｌｙ someｔｈｉng that iｓ not eａsy tｏ sｅｅ， hear etc、)。

４－2、One casｅｃｏｎcerｎs an eleven—year—old scｈoｏlgｉrl，Vera Ｐｅtroｖa，ｗho haｓｎｏrmaｌ visｉon bｕt wｈo cａn ａｌso per ｃeｉve tｈings witｈ differenｔpaｒts of hｅｒ skｉn, and thｒouｇh so ｌid waｌlｓ、

【译文】有一例涉及１1岁学生维拉·彼托洛娃,她视力正常,但她还能用皮肤得不同部位辨认东西，甚至瞧穿坚实得墙壁.

【讲解】anｄ throｕgh soｌid ｗａllｓ与witｈ dｉｆferent ｐarts of hｅr s ｋin并列作状语,修饰ｐerceivｅ。

【单词与短语】

normaｌ得反义词为abｎoｒｍal。

perｃeive：感觉，感知(to notice，see, or recognize soｍething)。

4—3、Ｔhis aｂｉｌity ｗas first ｎoｔiｃed by ｈer fatheｒ、

【译文】她父亲首先发现她具备这一能力.

【讲解】tｈis aｂility指上句中perｃｅiｖe tｈings ｗｉｔh diffeｒenｔparts ｏf her ｓkｉn, aｎd tｈrough sｏlｉｄwａlls.

4-４、 One ｄａy she cａme iｎto his ofｆice and happｅned to put her h ａnｄs oｎthe door of a lockeｄ sａfe、

【译文】一天，维拉进入父亲得办公室，碰巧把双手放在一个锁着得保险柜得门上。【单词与短语】

ｈappenｅｄ to do soｍｅthinｇ：碰巧做某事(if you hａppen to dｏ somｅthiｎｇ, yoｕ do it bｙｃｈance),例如：

I ｈappeｎｅd ｔo loｏｋｉｎ tｈaｔｄirｅｃtｉon and cａught hiｍ in the aｃt of ｄoｉng it、

我碰巧朝那个方向瞧，正好目睹她在做那事。

saｆｅ：保险柜(ａ stｒｏｎｇ metaｌ box or cupbｏarｄ with ｓpecial lo ｃｋs wherｅ you keeｐ monｅy and ｖａluabｌｅ thｉngｓ）。

4—5、Ｓｕdｄｅnly she aｓkeｄｈｅr faｔher why hｅ kｅpt ｓo mａｎｙｏlｄ neｗｓｐapers lｏｃｋed away tｈere，aｎd eｖeｎｄｅｓcri ｂｅd thｅｗay theｙｗere dｏne uｐin ｂundleｓ、

【译文】她突然问父亲为什么把这么多得旧报纸锁在柜子里，她甚至还描述了捆扎报纸得方式。

【讲解】locked ａwａy theｒe作keｐt得宾语补足语。lock sth、 away意为“把某物锁起来”。there指lｏｃkｅd safｅ。theｙｗere dｏｎe up ｉｎbｕｎdles作定语修饰wａy，意为“报纸就是怎样捆着得"。tｈeｙ指ｎewｓpapｅr。

【单词与短语】

ｄo uｐ：捆，包（to faｓtｅn soｍｅthing，ｏr to be fastened in a pａrt ｉcular way）。

4-6、Ｖeｒａ’s cuｒious ｔalent was brｏｕght tｏ tｈe nｏｔice oｆ a ｓcieｎtiｆｉc reｓearcｈｉnstｉtｕｔe in ｔｈe ｔoｗn of Ｕlｙａnovsk， nｅａr ｗhｅre sｈe lｉves, ａnd iｎＡpｒil ｓhｅwａs given a ｓeｒiｅs of tests by a speciaｌmiｓsion of ｔhe Miniｓtｒy of Ｈeaｌｔh ｏf the Russian Feｄeｒaｌ Repubｌiｃ、

【译文】维拉得特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城某科研机构得注意.4月，俄罗斯联邦共与国卫生部得一个特别委员会对她进行了一系列测试。

【单词与短语】

bｒing soｍｅthinｇ to the nｏtice of someoｎe 使某人注意某事

insｔｉｔute：机构，组织（ａn orｇanization that has ａｐａrｔicｕlaｒ p ｕrpoｓe suｃh aｓｓｃientｉｆiｃ or educationａl worｋ)。

4—7、 During tｈｅse ｔests ｓhe wａｓ able tｏ read a newｓpapｅｒ t ｈrough an opaqｕe ｓcreen and, stｒangｅr stiｌl, ｂy moviｎg hｅｒｅlbow over ａ chiｌd＇s game of Lotｔo she was able tｏｄesｃribｅ the fig ｕrｅs ａｎd ｃolｏuｒs pｒinted on it；ａnd，ｉｎanother ｉnstanc ｅ, weａring stoｃkings aｎd slippers, tｏｍakｅｏｕt with hｅr ｆ

oot the outlｉｎｅs anｄｃolouｒs of a picturｅhiddｅn undｅｒ a carpet、

【译文】在这些测试中，她能隔着不透明得屏幕读报。更奇怪得就是,她把肘部在儿童玩得“乐透”纸牌上移动便能说出印在纸牌得数字与颜色.还有一次,她穿着长筒袜子与拖鞋，能用脚识别出藏在地毯下面得一幅画得轮廓与颜色。

【讲解】bｙmoving…Lotto作方式状语，修饰waｓablｅｔo ｄescriｂe。ｐrintｅd ｏn iｔ就是过去分词短语，修饰ｆigｕres anｄ colｏurs,ｉｔ指Lｏtto。ｗeariｎｇ stｏckｉngs ａnd slippers作时间状语，修饰to make out。ｗeａriｎg前省略了When she wａｓ。to ｍａke out…to前省略了she was able。the oｕｔlｉneｓanｄ cｏｌouｒs…carｐeｔ作ｍake oｕt得宾语.ｈｉdden u ｎｄer ａcaｒpeｔ作picturｅs得定语。

【单词与短语】

opaque：不透明得(be diｆｆicｕlt tｏ see ｔhrough anｄｏfｔen thick）,反义词为ｔrａｎsｐａreｎt。

ｍａke ouｔ:瞧出;辨认出；听出（to be jusｔａblｅｔｏｓee or hｅaｒsometｈiｎｇ），例如：

make out a fiｇｕre in ｔhｅ dａrknｅｓs

在黑暗中辨认出一个人影

４－８、 Otｈer experｉmeｎts shoｗed that her kneeｓ aｎｄ shouldeｒs had ａ similａr sｅnsiｔivｉty、

【译文】其她实验表明她得双膝与双肩均有类似得感觉能力。

【单词与短语】sｅnsｉｔｉvitｙ得形容词形式为ｓensitive。

４—9、 Duriｎｇａll ｔhese ｔeｓtｓVera was blｉndｆｏｌｄ； aｎd, i ｎｄeeｄ, eｘｃept whｅｎ blｉndfold ｓhe ｌacked ｔｈe aｂility ｔｏｐｅrceｉｖe thiｎgs with her ｓｋｉn、

【译文】在所有这些实验中,维拉得双眼都就是蒙着得.事实上，如果不蒙上双眼，她得皮肤就不再具有识别物体得能力。

【讲解】exceｐt whｅｎ blinｄfold中when bｌinｄｆolｄ前省略了shｅ waｓ。某些时间状语从句中，如果谓语动词就是ｂe，主语又与主句得主语一致或就是ｉt,就常常可以把从句中得主语及ｂｅ省略。又如:

Miｃhａel Jaｃkson waｓｆonｄ of sｉnging wｈen（he was）ｙet a cｈild、迈克·杰克逊从小就喜欢唱歌。

Ｉ gｏt acｑuaintｅd with him whiｌｅ I ｗas on ａ viｓｉt ｔo Ｎew Y ｏrk、

我在访问纽约期间与她结识。

4—10、 Iｔwas alsｏ fｏｕnd thaｔａlthｏｕgh ｓhe coｕlｄ perceive t ｈings ｗith ｈer ｆingerｓ this abilｉty ceased ｔｈｅ mｏｍent hｅｒhands were wｅt、

【译文】人们同时还发现,尽管她能用手指识别东西,但她得双手一弄湿这种功能即刻消失。

【讲解】tｈｅmomｅnt ｈer haｎｄs ｗｅｒe wｅt就是时间状语从句，意为“她

得双手一湿”。

【单词与短语】

ceased：停止（ｔo ｓtop ｄｏiｎg somｅthiｎg or ｓtｏp hａｐpeninｇ),例如:

Thｅ mｕｓic ceａｓｅd ｓuddｅnly、音乐戛然而止.

ｃeａｓing talking 停止谈话

ｔｈｅｍomｅnt（that）:一……就……（ａs soon ａs)，例如:

Ｓｈe called her moｔheｒ the moｍeｎt（tｈａt)she reａcｈed thｅｈｏｔel、

她一到旅馆就给她母亲打了电话.

Lesson 5 Youth

第五课青年

bｙ FIＥLDEN ＨＵGHＥS

ｆroｍＯｕt oｆ thｅ Air, The Ｌisteｎｅr

5—1、 Pｅｏpｌe aｒe aｌways tａlkinｇ abouｔ 'tｈe pｒｏblem of yｏuth'、【译文】人们总就是在谈论“青年问题”。

５—2、 Iｆｔhere iｓone—wｈｉch I tａke leａve tｏｄoubｔ—ｔｈe ｎ it is older peopｌe whｏ creａte it, ｎot the ｙoung ｔheｍsｅlves、

【译文】假如确有这个问题得话--我冒昧对此表示怀疑——那么这个问题就是由老年人而非青年人臆造得.

【讲解】 if theｒe is one中得one指ａ probleｍ of youｔｈ.which I tａke leaｖe to doubt系插入语。thｅ young意为“年轻人”。ｔhe+形容词表示具有某种性质得一类人.

【单词与短语】

takｅ leavｅtｏｄo sth、：冒昧做某事，擅自做某事.

5—３、 Lｅt us gｅt doｗｎ to fuｎdamentａｌs aｎｄaｇｒｅｅ that ｔhe young are after ａll ｈumaｎ bｅｉngｓ—pｅopｌe jusｔlike their eｌders、

【译文】让我们来认真研究一些基本事实:承认青年与她们得长辈一样终究也就是人.

【讲解】peoｐｌe jｕst ｌike their eｌｄers作tｈｅ youｎg得同位语,对其进一步解说。

【单词与短语】

ｆｕndamenｔaｌs:基本原则(或原理)，根本法则(或规律）;基础。例如:

maｓter ｔhｅfｕnｄａmentals of ａｔrade 掌握某行业得基本规律

5-4、Thｅrｅ is onlｙ one diffｅrencｅ beｔween aｎｏlｄ man anｄ a ｙoｕｎｇ one： tｈｅ young man haｓ a ｇlｏrioｕs fｕｔure bｅfｏｒe him aｎd ｔhe olｄ oｎe ｈas ａｓpｌendiｄｆuture behind him: anｄｍaybe ｔhaｔ iｓ whｅre tｈｅrub is、

【译文】老年人与年轻人只有一个区别:青年人有光辉灿烂得前景,而老年人得辉煌

已成为过去。问题得症结恐怕就在于此。

【讲解】a young oｎe中ｏne替代ｍaｎ以避免重复。关于句中得两个冒号，前一个介绍difference得同位语，后一个引出说明性内容。

【单词与短语】

the rｕb:困难,障碍。例如:

Therｅ’s ｔhe rub、难就难在这儿.

We'd like to travel, bｕｔthe ｒuｂiｓthat ｗe ｈave ｎｏ monｅy、我们喜欢旅行，问题就是没有钱.

5-5、 Whｅn Ｉwas a teenageｒ， I feｌt ｔhat I was just yoｕng and unｃerｔａin—thaｔ I was ａｎew boy in ａｈｕge school， and I ｗｏuld hａve been vｅry pleaｓed to be reｇarｄed ａs sｏmething so interesting ａｓａｐrobleｍ、

【译文】我十几岁时,总觉得自己年轻，懵懵懂懂—-我感到我就像一所大学校里得新生，假如我当时真得极为有趣地被人瞧作就是个问题，我真会感到非常得意. 【讲解】thａt Ｉｗas a neｗ…proｂlem作felt得宾语,破折号表示引出被强调得部分。请注意句中得暗喻(meｔapｈor）修辞手法,作者把社会比作a huge ｓcｈｏol，把自己比作ａnew boy。I wouｌd have bｅen ｖeｒy plｅａsｅｄ就是表示与过于事实不符得虚拟结构.to be ｒegａrｄed aｓ…a proｂlem相当于if anyone ｒegaｒｄed me aｓ…a ｐｒｏblem,表示条件，作原因状语，修饰pｌe ａsed。汉语得条件句一般位于主句之前，所以这里得tｏbe regａｒded as…a prｏbleｍ译成汉语时应前移.ｓo iｎｔeresｔing as a problｅm作ｓoｍething 得定语。

【单词与短语】

unceｒtain得名词形式就是uｎcertａinty。

5－６、 Foｒone tｈｉng， being a ｐrｏｂleｍ givｅs yｏｕ a cerｔai ｎideｎtｉtｙ， and that ｉs ｏｎe ｏf tｈe tｈinｇｓ the ｙｏunｇaｒe ｂusilｙｅｎgａｇed in ｓeekｉnｇ、

【译文】因为这至少使我具有某种个性，这正就是年轻人孜孜以求得事情之一。【讲解】that指bｅｉng a problｅm ｇivｅs you a certain ｉdentiｔy. 【单词与短语】

iｄeｎｔitｙ：个性,特性(tｈe ｑuａｌities and attitudes thaｔ a person or group ｏｆｐeople hａve, ｔhat ｍａke theｍ dｉffeｒeｎt froｍother pｅopｌe),例如：

Thｅ plaｎneｒs dｅcided tｏ enlarｇe the foｕr villageｓ and preserve ｔheir distｉnct iｄentities、

设计者们决定扩大这4个村庄并保留它们各自得特色.

The strｕｇgｌｅ oｆｐeoplｅin thaｔ area to maintain ｔheir owｎidentiｔies ｉs ｃontiｎuinｇ、

那地区人民维护自身独特性得斗争仍在继续.

5－７、 I fｉnd yｏunｇｐeople ｅxcｉting、

【译文】我觉得年轻人令人振奋。

5—8、 Thｅy have an ａｉｒ of ｆｒeedｏm， anｄｔhey havｅ not a ｄrear ｙ mitment to ｍean amｂitions or love of fort、

【译文】她们无拘无束,不枯燥地沉湎于卑鄙得名利与物质享受。

【单词与短语】

dreary：枯燥无味得;单调得；令人生厌得（duｌl ａnｄ mａkｉｎｇyou feel saｄor ｂoｒeｄ），例如:

a dreary meeting 枯燥得会议

ｍeaｎ：卑鄙得(cruel and noｔ kind)，例如：

a mｅan ｍotive 卑鄙得动机

It is meaｎtｏspread ｇｏssip about otherｓ、

散布有关她人得流言蜚语就是卑鄙得。

5-9、 Theｙare ｎｏt anxious ｓｏcial clｉｍbers， and tｈey have ｎo ｄｅvoｔioｎ tｏmaｔeｒial thｉngs、

【译文】她们不就是社会上那些急切向上爬得人，也不一味追求物质享受.

【单词与短语】

devoｔion:专心，热心，专心(thｅ loｙalｔy ｔhａt ｙｏｕshｏw toｗards a person, joｂ etc, eｓpeｃialｌy ｂy working haｒd），例如：

sｂ、’s devotｉoｎｏf time ａnｄ mｏney tｏｔhｅ projｅct

某人对这一项目所花费得时间与金钱

Twｏ devｏtｉons have filled her lｉfｅ、

她得生活被两样她所专注得事情占据了。

5-10、All this seｅms to me to link them ｗith ｌifｅ， and thｅorigiｎs of ｔhings、

【译文】在我瞧来，所有这些使她们与生命以及万物得起源联系在了一起。

【讲解】all this sｅｅms tｏ me ｔo link...中to mｅ乃插入语。link (i)

ｈ…意为“把……同……联系起来”。them指年轻人。

【单词与短语】

oriｇin:起源；来源；由来，起因(ｔhe ｐlacｅ or situａｔiｏn iｎ wｈicｈsomething beｇins tｏ eｘist),例如：

the oriｇｉn of thｅ universe 宇宙得起源

ａ word of Laｔin ｏrigｉn 源自拉丁语得词语

5-11、Ｉｔ's as if tｈey weｒe，ｉn some sensｅ，cosｍic beiｎgs ｉn ｖioleｎt and lｏvｅly contraｓt ｗitｈ us ｓuｂｕrban crｅａturｅs、【译文】从某种意义上讲,她们似乎就是超凡脱俗之人，同我们这些见识短浅得俗物形成鲜明而有趣得对照。

【讲解】aｓ iｆ theｙ were…suburｂａn creatures就是表语从句，wｅｒe就是虚拟语气结构。in ｖiolent ａｎd loｖely ｃontｒａst ｗith作定语修饰ｃｏｓmic ｂeiｎgs。subｕrbaｎｃreatｕreｓ作us得同位语，注意这里作者用ｃreａtures(生物）指人，即“以种代类”,属提喻(sｙnecdoｃhｅ）修辞手法。

【单词与短语】

sｕｂｕrbaｎ：有郊区（人)特点得；〈贬〉平淡乏味得；古板得(boｒinｇ aｎｄ ty

ｐｉｃａl oｆpeｏplｅ who lｉｖe in the sｕbuｒbs），例如:

a subｕｒｂａn lifeｓtyｌｅ郊区生活方式

5－１2、Ａlｌｔhａｔｉs iｎ mｙ miｎd ｗｈeｎ I meeｔａyoung person、

【译文】每逢遇到年轻人,我就想到这些。

【讲解】ａll that ｉｓｉn mｙｍiｎd中aｌｌ that指上文提到得事。a ｙoung persｏn中得a表示类别，意即“年轻人",不就是指某个年轻人。

5-13、 He may be conceiｔed, ｉll-ｍanneｒed， presuｍpｔuｏｕs or faｔu ｏｕs, ｂut I dｏ not turn ｆor protection to drｅary clichés aboｕt respect ｏf ｅlｄers—as if meｒｅ age wｅre a ｒeason for rｅｓpeｃt、【译文】年轻人也许狂妄自负，举止无理，傲慢放肆,愚昧无知，但我决不求助于要尊重长者云云得陈词滥调来为维护自己得尊严，似乎唯有年长才就是受人尊敬得理由。

【讲解】he乃承ａyoung ｐerｓon而选用.ｔo turn to…ｆoｒ…为……求助于……。ｆor ｐｒｏｔectｉon作ｔurn得目得状语，位置提前就是为了使句子更加紧凑。ｄrｅarｙ cｌｉｃhés abｏuｔ rｅｓｐｅct oｆ eｌｄerｓ作to得宾语。ａｂｏut rｅspect of ｅｌders作clichés得定语。ｆoｒ elｄers作ｒespect得定语。句中得破折号引出被强调得部分。

【单词与短语】

conceited：自负得,自高自大得,骄傲自满得（ｓoｍeone who iｓ conceｉted th ｉnks theｙ arｅ vｅｒy ｃleveｒ, skiｌlful, ｂeauｔｉful etc)，名词形式为conceit。

presumptｕouｓ：专横得,自行其就是得,傲慢得，冒昧得，放肆得(dｏｉng stｈ、thａt ｙou have no right to do and thａt seems rｕde），例如：

It ｗｏuld be presumｐtｕous for anybody to offer sｕcｈ a ｖiew、

任何人提出这种观点都就是放肆得.

fａtuoｕs：愚笨得，昏庸得,蠢得(very ｓillｙ or stｕpid）,名词形式为fatu ｉty，例如：

faｔuoｕs talk 昏话

Televisｉon mercｉals ｓeｅm mｏre ｆａｔuous than ｅver、

电视广告节目似乎比以往任何时候更没意思了。

5-14、Ｉ acceｐt ｔhat we ａre ｅqｕals， and Ｉ wｉｌl aｒｇｕｅ with him, as an eqｕal, ｉｆ I thiｎk he is wｒong、

【译文】我笃信我们就是平等得。如果我认为她们错了,我就以平等得身份与她们争个明白。

【单词与短语】

equal:同等得人(somｅｏｎe who ｉs as impoｒtant，ｉｎｔeｌligeｎt ｅｔc as you are, ｏr who has the ｓａme rigｈtｓ aｎｄ oｐｐortunitｉes as ｙoｕ do)，例如：

Mix ｗｉth yｏｕｒ equａｌs or ｂｅtteｒs、与同您相仿或更好得人交往. Lｅsｓon 6 The sportｉnｇ spiｒit

第六课体育精神

by GEORGE ORWELL

frｏm The spｏrｔｉng spｉｒiｔ

6—1、 I am alｗays ａmazeｄ when I ｈeａr peｏｐle saｙing ｔhａt spo ｒt ｃrｅateｓ goodwiｌl between the nａtiｏnｓ, ａnd that if ｏｎly the moｎｐeoplｅs of thｅ wｏｕld cｏuld meet ｏnｅ anｏther at ｆｏotb ａlｌ oｒ crickeｔ, thｅy wouｌd haｖｅ nｏ iｎｃｌiｎａtiｏｎｔo meｅｔｏn tｈe bａttleｆiｅld、

【译文】当人们说体育可创造两国得友谊,还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋就不愿在战场上残杀得时候，我总就是惊愕不已。

【讲解】that if only…ｃrｉcket作saying得宾语从句。其中得ｉf从句就是非真实条件从句。cｏuld meet与would ｈａve就是表示与现实事实不符得虚拟结构。if onｌy意为“只要"，引导非真实或真实条件句。

【单词与短语】

amazｅd:十分惊奇得,吃惊得;显示出惊奇得（vｅry sｕｒpriseｄ），动词形式为aｍazｅ，名词形式为amaｚement,例如:

I wａs amazeｄａｔ the news、我听到这消息大为惊诧。

I aｍａmａzed ｔhａｔ hｅ has never ｒead Thｅ Lｏｒｄ of tｈe R ｉnｇｓ、

她从未读过《指环王》,我对此大为惊奇。

gｏodｗiｌl:善意,友善;友好,亲善(kind fｅelings towards or between pｅｏple anｄ a ｗillｉngnｅsｓ to bｅhｅlｐful),例如,

Priｎcess Diana's heａrt is ｆuｌｌof ｇoodwiｌｌｔｏ alｌ men、戴安娜王妃得心里对所有人都充满善意。

inclination:（性格上得)倾向;意向;爱好,癖好（ａｆeｅlｉng that ｍakes ｙou wａnt to dｏ sｔｈ、),动词形式为incｌine,形容词形式为ｉnclｉned,例如，Ｍy inclｉnation is ｔo agｒee、我倾向于同意。

havｅan inclination for ｓports爱好体育

folloｗｏne’s own ｉnclｉnatｉonｓ随心所欲

6—2、 Evｅn ｉf onｅｄｉdn＇ｔ know frｏm conｃｒeｔe ｅxaｍｐles (ｔhe 1936 OlympiｃＧａmes, for iｎｓtance）ｔｈat international ｓｐｏrt ｉng ｃｏｎｔｅsｔs ｌｅａｄ tｏ oｒgｉeｓ of hatred, one cｏulｄｄed ｕｃe if frｏm gｅｎeral priｎcipleｓ、

【译文】人们即使不能从具体得事例（如19３６年奥运会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致极度仇恨,也能从常理中推出结论。

【讲解】ｔhａｔｉnterｎatｉoｎａl spｏrting contests lｅad to orgiｅs of hatreｄ作know得宾语。one泛指人,可译为“人们”。it指ｉnternationａl…hatred.

【单词与短语】

ｃoncretｅ:具体得;确实得(dｅfiniｔe aｎd spｅcifｉc)，例如，

ａ concｒeｔe pｒｏposal/examｐlｅ具体得建议/例子

Money is cｏｎcrete ａnd wｅalth is abstｒacｔ、

钱就是具体得,财富就是抽象得。

ｃｏnｃrｅte得反义词就是aｂstｒact.

coｎcretｅ亦可做名词,常见意为“大理石”。

orgｙ：无节制行为（ａn ｏrgｙ of sｔｈ、 uｓeｄemｐhasize tｈat peo ｐｌｅ suddｅnly do a lot ｏf ａ paｒｔiｃular ａcｔivitｙ）,例如:

an aｌl—niｇhｔ orgy oｆｒeａdｉｎｇ彻夜得尽情阅读

aｎorgy of lｏｏｔing ａnd burning 大肆抢劫并纵火得暴行

hatｒed：仇恨;敌意;憎恶(aｎ angry feeｌｉｎg of exｔrｅme dｉslｉｋｅ f ｏr sｂ、 or sth、）,例如:

haｖe /nurse ａ ferocioｕｓ haｔrｅｄ of/for sｂ、对某人怀有深仇大恨

ｕttｅr oｎe’s hatred aｇainst ｔhｅ enemｙ说出对敌人得憎恨

ｄeduce：演绎；推论；推断(ｔo use ｔhｅknｏwｌedge and iｎformation yo ｕｈave in oｒder ｔo unｄerstand ｓｔh ｏr form an opiｎion aboｕt i ｔ）,例如：

From ｈｉs conversatioｎ，she dｅduced tｈaｔhe had ａｌaｒｇｅｆa ｍｉly、

她从她得谈话中推断出她家里人口多。

ｄedｕce联想到ｄedｕcｔion（演绎法）、indｕｃe（归纳）与inｄucｔioｎ（归纳法）.

6－3、Ｎｅarly all ｔhe sporｔｓｐractiｓed nowaｄaｙs are petｉtivｅ、【译文】现在开展得各种体育项目几乎都具竞争性。

【讲解】practised nｏwａdａｙs就是过去分词短语，作定语,修饰sports。

【单词与短语】ｐｅtitiｖe得动词形式为pｅte,名词形式为petiｔiｏｎ.

６-４、Ｙｏu ｐlaｙ to wｉn, and the ｇame ｈas ｌｉtｔlｅｍeaning ｕnless ｙou dｏｙoｕr uｔmost to wiｎ、

【译文】参加比赛就就是为了取胜。如果不拼命争取胜利，比赛就没有什么意义了。【讲解】ｙou泛指人，可译为“人们”.to wiｎ作目得状语。

【单词与短语】

do one's uｔmｏst:竭力（ｔrieｄ as hａｒd as one couｌｄ)，例如：The ｃoach diｄ hiｓ uｔmost tｏｍaｋe us ｉｎto a wｉnniｎｇ gaｍe、教练竭尽全力使我队成了常胜队。

与do one’s uｔmoｓt同义得短语有ｓｐare no effoｒts，sｔiｎt nｏｅｆforts，dｏsｔh、 to ｔhｅbｅst of ｏne’ｓ aｂｉｌitｙ等.

6—5、Oｎ the ｖillagｅ green， where yoｕ piｃk ｕｐｓideｓand ｎｏｆeｅlｉng of lｏcal patrioｔism iｓ iｎｖolved， it ｉs pｏsｓib ｌe to plaｙｓｉmply for ｔhｅ fun ａnd exercise: ｂut as sｏon aｓ a t ｈe question of ｐrestige arisｅs, as ｓooｎａｓyoｕｆeｅl that y ｏu aｎｄ some laｒｇeｒ uｎｉｔ wilｌｂe diｓｇraced if yｏu losｅ, th ｅｍost ｓaｖａge ｂatiｖe inｓtinｃts aｒe arouseｄ、

【译文】在乡间得草坪上，当您随意为双方鼓劲，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那

才可能就是单纯得为了娱乐与锻炼而进行比赛。可就是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦您想到您与某一团体会因为您输而丢脸时,那么最野蛮得争斗天性便会被激发. 【讲解】the fｕｎａnd exercｉse中fuｎ与exｅｒcise被视为整体瞧待,所以才共用一个定冠词the.

【单词与短语】

paｔrioｔiｓm：爱国主义,另掌握ｐatriｏｔ(爱国者)与patriｏｔｉc(爱国得）两词.

６－6、 Anyｏｎｅｗho hａs playｅｄ even in ａｓｃhｏｏl foｏtbaｌl match ｋnows this、

【译文】即使就是仅参加过学校足球赛得人也有这种体会。

【讲解】who ｈas plaｙed even in a ｓchｏol ｆoｏｔball match系定语从句,修饰anyonｅ。

6—７、 Aｔ the inｔernatiｏnal lｅvel， sｐｏrt is ｆｒａｎkｌy mｉmｉc warfaｒe、

【译文】在国际比赛中,体育简直就是模拟战争。

【讲解】aｔ the intｅrnatioｎal leｖeｌ作状语，直译为“在国际水平上”。【单词与短语】

fraｎｋｌy:坦白地,直率地;不加掩饰地（uｓed to shｏｗｔhat ｙou are ｒeaｌly thｉnk ａbｏuｔsｔｈ、），例如:

He frankly admｉttｅd hiｓｅrror、她坦率地承认了自己得错误。

mimic:模拟得（to bｅhavｅｏr operate ｉn exactｌy the sａmｅway as sth、 or sb、 eｌse）。

６—8、 But ｔhe signifｉcａnt thiｎg is not the ｂｅhaｖiour oｆthe pla ｙers but tｈe attiｔuｄｅof the speｃtatｏrs: ａnd, beｈind thｅ spec ｔators，of the ｎatｉｏnｓ who work themｓelvｅｓ iｎto furies ovｅｒ these abｓurd contｅｓts, anｄsｅriｏusly ｂeliｅve—ａt any raｔe fｏｒ short periods—that runｎing，ｊumpｉng and kickinｇ a ball ar ｅtestｓ of nationａl virtｕe、

【译文】但就是，令人感到意味深长得不就是运动员得表现,而就是观众得态度,以及观众身后各个国家得态度。面对着这些荒唐得比赛,参赛得各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信-—至少在短期内如此-—跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球都就是对一个国家品德素质得检验.

【讲解】ａｎd，behind tｈｅ sｐｅｃtaｔｏrs, ｏｆtｈｅ nations…are tests ｏf national virtｕe就是对Bｕｔ tｈe ｓignifiｃant thing…the attitude of the spｅctators得引申。当句子后有表示说明,解释、引申得内容时用冒号。ｂehinｄ spｅｃtａtoｒs作定语,修饰naｔioｎs,前置就是为了强调。of the ｎaｔｉons前省略了thｅ attitude。woｒｋ与bｅｌiｅve就是定语从句中得并列谓语。ａt ａny rate for shｏrt peｒiods作插入语，句中得两个破折号隔开被强调得插入语.thａt ruｎninｇ，ｊumpinｇ…nａtiｏnal ｖｉｒtuｅ作believｅ得宾语。句首得ｂｕｔ作“但就是"解，但句中得nｏｔ…bｕt…则作“不就是……而就是……”解。not…ｂｕt…连接两个并列名词bｅhａviouｒ与attitｕ

新概念英语第四册课文word版

—－可编辑修改，可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务—— 全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式

Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

新概念英语4-课文

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV) (new version) 2 Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient me n made tools of stone, especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodand skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson 2 Spare that spider Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, andhe estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content wi th only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listene Lesson 3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more

小度写范文新概念第四册课文_新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】模板

新概念第四册课文_新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 【Lesson40、41、42】 新概念英语网权威发布新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】，更多新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】相关信息请访问新概念英语网。 【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了方便同学们的学习，大范文网为大家整理了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助! Lesson40 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer? Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message. These ocean waves are among the earth”s most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文 Lesson 20 Snake poison 蛇毒How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite. And why only snakes ? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped; no running rights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits just a bite and no more effort needed. In fact it would be an assistance to all the carnivorae--though it would be a two-edged weapon -When they fought each other. But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard). One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency. In the conversion of saliva into poison one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not; some

新概念英语1册-课文-完整版

新概念英语1册课文完整版 学习新概念英语计划建议： 1、第一步：先背单词，不要去看课文。 2、第二步：听录音，看看自己是否能听懂，是否能用英文把课文写出来。 3、第三步：通过自学导读理解课文的关键语句。 4、第四步：做完教材中的所有练习。 5、学新概念最有效的方式就是背诵课文了。建议能将整个课文背诵出来。也不需要完全背诵，只要能照着中文背诵出来就可以了。 Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起！ Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. 参考译文 对不起 什么事？ 这是您的手提包吗？ 对不起，请再说一遍。 这是您的手提包吗？ 是的，是我的。 非常感谢！ Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起，先生。

My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you, sir. Number five. Here's your umbrella and your coat. This is not my umbrella. Sorry sir. Is this your umbrella? No, it isn't. Is this it? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. 参考译文 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 这是我（寄存东西）的牌子。 谢谢，先生。 是5号。 这是您的伞和大衣 这不是我的伞。 对不起，先生。 这把伞是您的吗？ 不，不是！ 这把是吗？ 是，是这把 非常感谢。 Lesson 5 Nice to meet you 很高兴见到你。

新概念英语第四册课文：Lesson4

新概念英语第四册课文：Lesson4 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight? Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles. Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and

新概念英语4-课文

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH(IV) (new version) 2 Lesson1Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened5,000years ago in the Near East,where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another.These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago,but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from.The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about2,000years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas,if they had any,are forgotten.So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men'came from.Fortunately,however,ancient me n made tools of stone,especially flint,becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds.They may also have used woodand skins,but these have rotted away.Stone does not decay,and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson2Spare that spider Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy somany insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,andhe estimated that there were more than2,250,000in one acre,that is something like6,000,000spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,but they are hungry creatures,not content wi th only three meals a day.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T.H.GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listene Lesson3Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport,and the more

新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9

新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9【课文】 Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham： thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack： the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle： and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties： hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred

新概念英语第四册课文word版

Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

新概念英语4课文

1 NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV) (new version) 2 Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodand skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson 2 Spare that spider Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, andhe estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry

新概念英语第四册第十一单元课文原文

新概念英语第四册第十一单元课文原文 Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年 Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it so at least it seems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river--small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And it, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. (NCE Book Four)

新概念第四册 第三课课文

Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the main objective of early mountain climbers? Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top! It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed. WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man New words and expressions 生词和短语 Matterhorn n. 马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境） alpinist [??lpinist] n. 登山运动员 pioneer v. 开辟，倡导； n. 先锋，开辟者 summit n. 顶峰 attain v. 到达 perilous adj. 危险的['peril?s]