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初中英语语法归纳:被动语态

初中英语语法归纳:被动语态
初中英语语法归纳:被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习:被动语态

重难点:掌握八种常见时态的被动语态,并能根据不同情景,灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】

一. 概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态)

?

??

.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We (被动语态)

▲常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass 等。

2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to 被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to 还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态)

复合宾语

宾语补足语宾语

She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态)

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”

比较:(1)?

??)()(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。

(2)?

?

?)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。

这个玻璃杯是坏的

4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. ?

?

?)()

(.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确

??

?)()(.sea deep the in d disappeare

was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare

dolphin The 错误正确

【总结】

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be +过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here . 4) was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be +过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保

留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother

for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。

例 My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)

三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。) 试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语

态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

5.在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6. 在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。

例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确。)

7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前

一般不用冠词。

1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under

treatment(在治疗中), under repair(在修理中), under discussion(在讨论中), under construction

(在施工中)。

例The building is under construction( is being constructed).

2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond belief (令人难以置信), beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及),beyond one’s control(无法控制),beyond our hope.我们的

成功始料不及。

例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed).

3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.4.“for+名词”结构,表示“适于……、为着……”。如:for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。

例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).

5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印刷中),in sight(在视野

范围内),等。

例The book is not yet in print.(=is not yet printed)

6.“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事……中”。常见的有:on sale(出售),on show(展出), on trial

(受审)。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).

7.“out of+名词”结构;表示“超出……之外“,常见的有:out of control (控制不了),out of sight (超出视线之外),out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。

例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled).。

8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher's permission

【题型展示】

1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week .

A. be given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. will give

2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river .

A. needn’t be thrown

B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw

D. may not throw

3. You may go fishing if your work .

A. is done

B. will be done

C. has done

D. have done

4. The trees must three times a week .

A. water

B. is watering

C. be watered

D. waters

5. —I won’t come to the party unless Sue , too .

—You mean if Sue comes you’ll come ?

A. will invite

B. invites

C. invited

D. is invited

6. I like my new bike . It very well .

A. rides

B. is riding

C. is ridden

D. has ridden

7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom .

A. hear

B. be heard

C. be hearing

D. have heard

8. —It’s time to do your homework , Jack .

—Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme .

A. ends

B. end

C. will be ended

D. will end

9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go ?

A. be invited

B. will be invited

C. were invited

D. are invited

10. A lot of trees along the river last year .

A. planted

B. are planted

C. were planted

二. 用正确的时态和语态填空

1. Nearly everybody here (know)when the old museum (build).

2. The building can (see)from every part of the city ; It (build)many years ago .

3. Yesterday Tom (tell)me that his bike (break)last week .

4. The students often (tell)to take care of their desks and chairs .

5. Now he (be)asked if the meeting (hold)next Friday .

6. It is known to all that the moon (turn)round the earth .

7. Miss Li often (use)a recorder in her English class . But she (not use)it tomorrow .

8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits (sell)in this shop .

9. English (speak)here .

10. The song (like)by us all twenty years ago .

初中被动语态语法讲解知识讲解

初中被动语态语法讲 解

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初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

初中英语语法:被动语态

初中英语语法:被动语态 概念:英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成; 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化; 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not;而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗? 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时,常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤:当主动语态变为被动语态时,通常要经过四步: 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词时,应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”),若主语是人称代词时,应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意:1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动结构变为被动结构时,可将其中一个宾语变 为主语,另一个不变;如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中,使役动词如make,let,have或感官动词如hear,watch,see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

最全初中英语语法之被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明: 2、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化: 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句) 三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示: 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语: 注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如: Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. (2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意: They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四.被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.

初中英语语法归纳:被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习:被动语态 重难点:掌握八种常见时态的被动语态,并能根据不同情景,灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】 一. 概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

四. 如何正确使用被动语态 1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态) ? ?? .him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We (被动语态) ▲常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass 等。 2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to 被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to 还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态)

443 4421复合宾语 宾语补足语宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态) ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。 3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。” 比较:(1)? ? ?)()(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。 (2)?? ?)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏 系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. ?? ?) () (.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确 ???)()(.sea deep the in d disappeare was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare dolphin The 错误正确 【总结】 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be +过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here . 4) was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

初中英语语法大全——被动语态

初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动语态。 一、被动语态的构成 主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象 eg: He wrote the book. eg: The book was written by him. eg: She sings the English song. eg: The English song is sung by her. eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago. eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us. 2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态

3. 被动语态的各种句式 eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt. 你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的,幸运的是没有人受伤。 eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。 eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。 eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。 eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗? eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗? eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的? eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空? 4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式

初中被动语态语法归纳

初中英语被动语态 一.语态概述 1.语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 2.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如:Many people speak Chinese. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 3.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如:He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 4.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。 例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken 一般过去时:was/were+spoken 一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken 现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken 过去进行时:was/were being+spoken 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken 过去完成时:had been + spoken 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成原来

带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once 三.被动语态的用法 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。如: The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。

初中被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解 (一)语态分类 英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用: 助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例,列表如下: 大凡现在时:am / is / are + done 大凡过去时:was / were + done 大凡将来时:shall / will + be done 大凡过去将来时:should / would + be done 现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done 现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)多见的八种时态中的被动语态

1.大凡现在时: (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn“t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2.大凡过去时: (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn“t forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3.大凡将来时: (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4.过去将来时: (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5.现在进行时: (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义

初中被动语态详细讲 解

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例 如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten 一般过去时:was/were+eaten 一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten 过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten 过去进行时:was/were being+eaten 现在完成时:have/has been+eaten 过去完成时:had been+eaten 歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者) (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语 就够了) 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。

初中英语语法大全汇总

初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。

最新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的知识点(1)

一、选择题 1.We' re proud that our school is________one of the best schools in our province. A.think to be B.thought to C.thought to be D.thought will be 2.—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China. —I’m sure it will be a great success. A.hold B.will hold C.were held D.will be held 3.When Tim ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A.was asked B.asked C.was asking D.is asked 4.This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A.use B.uses C.is using D.is uesd 5.More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A.are planted B.were planted C.will be planted D.have been planted 6.Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A.finish B.finishes C.will finish D.is finished 7.—Do you think the old machine is ____________, grandma? —Yes, it is _________for carrying water. A.use; using B.useful; used C.use; used D.useful; use 8.My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A.are sent B.is sent C.will be sent D.will send 9.When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A.will finish B.is finished C.finished D.will be finished 10.—Are you really willing to do so much homework? —To tell you the truth, sometimes I ________ to do that, but I think it really helps me. A.force B.am forced C.forced D.was forced 11.This kind of iPad________ in our shop. It________very well and many young people like it. A.sells; sells B.is sold; sells C.sells; is sold D.is sold; is sold 12.—Why didn’t you come to Jenny’s birthday party yesterday? —Because I________. A.didn’t invite B.isn’t invited C.wasn’t invited D.haven’t invited 13.My brother _____ to read by my mother when he was very young. A.teaches B.is taught C.was teaching D.was taught 14.—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A.will be done B.has done C.is done D.does 15.(2017·河南·29)—Why are you leaving your job? —I can't stand it any longer. I ________ always ________ to work overtime. A.am;asking B.am;asked C.was;asking D.was;asked

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