计算机专业英语复习题

一、英译中

1、P C 个人电脑

2、I S O 国际标准组织

3、i n s t r u c t i o n 指令

4、r e g i s t e r 寄存器

5、h i e r a r c h i c a l m e m o r y 存储器层次结构

6、c a c h e 高速缓存

7、R A M 随机存储器

8、a t o m i c d a t a t y p e 原子数据类型 9、s t a c k 栈 10、s p o o l i n g s y s t e m 假脱机系统

11、i n d e x e d a l l o c a t i o n 索引式分配 12、p r o t o c o l 协议 13、i n h e r i t a n c e 继承性

14、c l i e n t /s e r v e r 客户端15、m a i n t e n a n c e 维护 16、W A N 广域网

17、h y p e r l i n k 超链接 18、m u l t i m e d i a 多媒体19、t o p o l o g y 拓扑 20、m a p 映射

21、h u b 集线器 22、U R L 统一资源定位地址23、D T E 数据终端 24、e x p e r t s y s t e m

专家系统25、v i r u s 病毒 26、m a i n f r a m e 主机27、o p e r a n d 操作数 28、A L U 算术逻

辑单元29、F I F O 先进先出 30、p r o c e d u r e 过程31、p o l y m o r p h i s m 多态性

32、M I S 管理信息系统33、S Q L 结构化查询语言 34、d a t a -d r i v e n d e s i g n

数据驱动设计35、p a c k e t 包，分组 36、t w i s t e d p a i r 双交线

37、t o k e n 令牌 38、b r o w s e r 浏览器39 s e a r c h e n g i n e 搜索引擎 40、P O P 邮局协议

41、e l e c t r o n i c c o m m e r c e 电子商务 42、i n t e r f a c e 接口43、f r a m e 帧

44、I O C S 输入输出控制系统45、t e r m i n a l 终端46、o b j e c t -o r i e n t e d 面向对象

47、A P I 应用程序接口48、l i f e c y c l e 生存周期49、G U I 图形用户接口

50、i n t e r o p e r a b i l i t y

二 中译英

1、数据库 d a t a b a s e

2、程序 p r o g r a m

3、队列 q u e u e

4、数据隐藏

5、开放系统互联o p e n s y s t e m i n t e r c o n n e c t

6、总线 b u s

7、局域L a n A r e a N e t w o r k

8、类 c l a s s

9、下载 d o w n l o a d 10、知识库 k o w n l e d g e b a s e

11、输入设备 i n p u t d e v i c e s

12、高级语言h i g h -l e v e l l a n g u a g e 13、只读存储器 R O M 14、结构化数据类型 s t r u c t u r e d d a t a t y p e

15、多用户 m u l t i u s e r

16、脱机 o f f l i n e

17、实时系统 r e a l -t i m e s y s e t e m

18、文件 f i l e 19、操作系统 o p e r a t i n g

s y s t e m

20、软件工程

S o f t w a r e e n g i n e e r i n g

三、选择题（多选、单选）

1、A __A__ is a fast and accurate symbol manipulating system.

A 、computer

B 、tape

C 、device

D 、calculation

2、The heart of a computer system is _B___

A 、input/output

B 、CPU

C 、storage

D 、memory

3、The popular output devices used for personal computer are __D__

A 、scanner

B 、mouse

C 、keyboard

D 、display screen and desktop printers

4、The attributes of the stack are _B___

A. FIFO

B. LIFO

C. LILO

D. HPIFO

5、Which is not included in C++ __C__.

A. encapsulation

B. inheritance

C. data encryption

D. polymorphism

6、An MIS can be _D___

A. defined as a network of file-based

B. developed in an organization only

C. not integrated with manual

D. used to support decision making

7、We can _ABCD___ through the Internet

A. get free software

B. take long distance collaborations

C. send e-mail

D. retrieve files

四、判断题

1、\/ CPUs of all size have primary storage , arithmetic logic , and the control section.

2、×The possible symbols in the binary numbering system are 0 to 9.

3、\/ It is a major problem for the operating system to map the logical file concept onto physical storage devices such as magnetic tape or disk .

4、\/ Assembler-level languages uses mnemonics to represent instructions.

5、×Only users need to view the internet as a network.

五、回答下列问题

1、How many components are used to build a computer ? List them Answer:fourcomponent,Input devices,Output devices,Main memory, Central processing unit.

2、Describe the classification of computers according to its physical size Answer:microcomputer , minicomputer ,mainframe, supercomputer.

3、Which two parts make up an instruction ? Please describe their functions.

Answer:operations and operands.operations specify the function to be peformed and operands represent the data to be operated on.

4、List four operations belong to Arithmetic operations .

Answer:adding, subtracting,multiplying,and dividing.

5、List two kinds of magnetic storage.

Answer: magnetic tap,magnetic disk.

6、What principle should be followed in stack operations ? Answer: LIFO,last in first out

7、What is the main feature of queues ?

Answer:FIFO,first in first out.

8、Give some examples of using queues

Answer: the line of input /output (I/O)request waiting for access to a disk driver in a multiuser time-sharing system might be a queue,and

the line of computing jobs waiting to be run on a computer system might also be a queue.

9、What is IOCS ?

Answer: input/output control system.

10、List five functions of operating systems

Answer:job management,resource management,

control of I/O operations ,error recovery,memory management

11、What are two essential ingredients of data structure ?

Answer:it must have component elements and it must have structure, the rules for relating or fitting the elemens together.

12、What is source program and what is object program ?

Answer: source program is a program of instructions written by a programmer in an assembly language. Object program is a source program has been converted into machine code by an assembler.

13、Point out four features of object-oriented programming. Answer: Encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance, and polymorphism.

14、Give a definition to the DBMS?

Answer: the system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating , accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system, that is DBMS.

15、What is client and what is server ?

Answer: client is the object which request services, and the server is

the object which offer services.

16、Which activities does the life cycle paradigm encompass ? Answer:system engineering and analysis, software requirements analysis,design, coding ,testing ,maintenance.

17、Which three basic types do WANs have ?

Answer: circuit switched networks, leased line networks, packet switching network.

18、What characters does FTP have, comparing with ones of transfer files using E-mail.

Answer: it allows users to send or receive arbitrarily large files of programs or data.

19、Is it true that a LAN can offer much higher data transmission rates than a public data network provides ? Why ?

Answer: yes , because is linked by hardware.

六、翻译

?1、Although the capacity of their storage locations can vary, every computer stores numbers, letters, and other characters in a coded

form. Every character in storage is represented by a string of 0s

and 1s - the only digitals found in the binary numbering system.

Let's see how it's possible to use just two digits to represent any

character. Most computers use a coded version of true binary to

represent decimal numbers. Although many coding schemes have

been developed over the years, the most popular of these use a binary

coded decimal (BCD) approach. With BCD, it's possible to convert each decimal number into its binary equivalent rather than convert

the entire decimal value into a pure binary form. Since 8 and 9

require 4 bits, all decimal digits are presented in BCD by 4 bits.

译文：尽管电脑存储数字，字母和符号的编码形式不同。在二进制系统中每个字符都只用0和1两个数字表示。现在，让我们看看如何仅用这两个数字表示其他任何字符。大多数电脑都是用二进制编码代替十进制。即使编码方案已经发展了很多年，当下最普遍的编码仍是二进制BCD码。使用BCD码，是将每一个十进制数转换成等价的二进制数，而不是全部的十进制值转换成二进制。由于8和9需要4位二进制，所以所有的十进制数都用4位BCD码表示。

2、Software engineering has not been able to keep up with the speed of

advancements and increases in computing power . Most programmer in this day and age still use techniques that are little more advanced than the programming techniques applied by the first programmers. This is why we face the software crisis: software becomes increasingly

expensive, is of insufficient quality, is hard to estimate and schedule , and is almost impossible to manage . Some software projects have been judged impossible – beyond the scope of today’s software engineering technology . While no key technique that promises to solve the software crisis is on the horizon , it is the new technology of “object-oriented programming ” that is viewed as a possible step toward significantly advancing software technology .

译文：软件工程的发展已经跟不上电脑能力的进步和增加。目前大部分编码员使用的编码技术跟第一代编码员使用的没进步多少。这就是我们面临的软件危机：软件变得越来越贵，然而质量却不足，这是很难估计和评价的，而且也几乎不可能控制。一些软件甚至不可能评判—因为它远远超越了当今的软件工程技术范围。虽然就目前来看，没

有一个关键的技术能承诺可以解决软件危机，但是“面向对象编程”新技术被看作是可能解决这一问题踏出的重要一步。

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1.home page 主页 2.graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面 3.artificial intelligence 人工智能 4.carbon copy 打字副本 5.field 字段 6.software suite 软件套装 7.desktop operating system 桌面操作系统 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6b7944162.html,ser printer 激光打印机 9.machine language 机器语言 10.relational database 关系数据库 11.menu bar 菜单栏 12.secondary storage 辅助存储器；二级存储器 13.system software 系统软件 二、 1.内存 memory 2.输入设备 input device 3.扬声器 speaker

4.局域网 local-area network 5.传输控制协议 transmission control protocol 6.集成电路 integrated circuits 7.上下文敏感 context sensitive 8.微处理器 microprocessor 9.只读存储器 Read-only memory 10.触摸屏 touch screen 11.像素 pixel 12.多媒体 multimedia 13.自动换行 word wrap 三

_________.

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memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
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5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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