英语课后句子翻译

Unit1

1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。

The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancle the trip under any circumstances.

2.我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为人可靠。We trust what he has said,because he is well educated, comes from a respectable family ,and what’s more ,he is reliable.

3.随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑是对的。

The subsequent events once again confirmed that my suspicions were right.

4.在赛后举行记者招待会上，这位足球教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致敬。

At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance.

5.令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官。

To our surprise ,the governor, who had often been praised for his honesty ,turned out to be a corrupt official.

6.只有少数工人工人得到提升，在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇。

A few workers were promoted ,but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.

7.如果有机会，约翰也许成为一位杰出的画家了。

Given the chance, John might have been an excellent painter.

8.起初我以为他是开玩笑，可后来我知道他是当真的。

At first I thought he was joking , but soon I realized that he was serious.

Unit2

1.在医院的急症室里经常听到痛苦的呻吟声。

Groans of pain can often be heard in a hospital emergency room.

2.这位美国前国务卿已重新回到公众生活中来，担任了驻外大使。

The former U.S secretary of state has come back to public life as an ambassador to a foreign country。

3.兑现支票时大多数银行要求提供身份证明。

Proof of identity is required when a check is cashed at mist banks.

4.这位通俗歌星在舞台上的出现引起了全场观众起立鼓掌。

The presence of the pop star on the stage brought the audience to its feet in applause.

5.她惊异地发现许多人仍然不办保险就冒险旅行。

She was amazed to know that many people still risked traveling without insurance.

6.请务必做到不让孩子们探身窗外。

See to it that no children should lean out of the window.

7.他在战争中被俘，不论敌人如何地折磨他，他从不屈服。

He was taken prisoner in the war ,but never yielded no mater how cruelly the enemy tortured him.

8.亨利比德尔虽然伤势严重，但贝蒂在医生的帮助下终于使他转危为安。

Henry Bedell wsa seriously wounded, but Bettie finally brought him through with the help of the doctor..

Unit3

1.许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。

Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their tuition.

2.除阅读教材外，使用电影和录像会激发学生学习的兴趣。

In addition to reading materials ,the application of films and videotapes can stimulate students’ interest in their study.

3.这位律师试图?服陪审团他的当事人是无辜的。

The attorney tired to convince the jury that his client is innocent.

4.自从20世纪80年代以来，医学方面的科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。

Scientists in medicine have been working at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s.

5.我已经把我的简历寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。

I have sent off my resume to a few companies, but haven’t received a reply yet.

6.不少人希望有机会去国外学习，然而仅有少数人有此可能。

Many people wish for a chance to study abroad, but only some of them have it.

7.我们满怀希望地来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。

We came to the meeting with great expectation, but we left very disappointed.

8.尽管这位教授详细地讲解了这一点，但许多学生仍然不理解。

Though the professor explained the point in detail, many students still couldn’t understand it.

Unit4

1.在即将毕业的大学生中，有人希望去自己的家乡工作，有人愿意去不发达地区工作。

Among the university students who will graduate soon, some wish to go to their hometown to work,and others volunteer to work in the underdeveloped areas.

2.如今学生们热衷于学习电脑，因为他们很清楚在信息时代这是必不可少的技能。

Now , university students are keen on learning to use the computer, because they are very conscious that this is an indispensable skill in the information age.

3.他在世界各地周游了3年，但不论走到哪里，他都眷念着自己的祖国。

He had traveled round the world for three years,but no matter where he went ,he missed his country.

4.起初他间或给我写信，后来再也没有听到他的音信。

At first he wrote to me once in a while, and then I didn’t hear from him any longer. 5.一般地说，人们总是会结婚成家的，而不是单身过一辈子。

Generally speaking, people tend to get married and have a family rather than remain single for life.

6.不论他如何努力，他就是无法弄懂高等数学。

No matter how hard he trided , he could not understand higher mathematics.

7.连续工作6个月后，雇员可以享受带薪假期和病假。

After working for six months on end, employees are entitled to paid holidays and sick leaves.

8.我已无法继续按月支付汽车款项了，真不知如何办才好。

I can’t keep up my monthly payments on the car and I am at a loss as to what to do.

Unit 5

1.这次面试的目的主要是测试申请者的英语口语水平。

The aim of this interview is primarily to check the applicant’s proficiency in spoken English.

2.认为约翰会因为他的失礼而向他们正式道歉，那就错了。

It is wrong to assume that John will formally apologize to them for the impoliteness.

3.这一丑闻对正在力争赢得大选的工党来?，无疑是一件尴尬的事。

The scandal is certainly an embarrassment to the Labour Party aiming at winning the election.

4.我正在认真地写学期论文的时候，我的小妹妹连蹦带跳地上了楼。

I was working carefully on my term paper when my little sister bounded upstairs and rushed into my room.

5.我问她数次，可她拒绝回答我的问题。

I asked her several times ,but she refused to respond to my questions.

6.在西方，人们常常邮购商品，这可以节省许多时间。

In the west,people often send away for goods, which can save them a lot of time.

7.老一辈的人往往发现，在现代社会，无论他们如何努力，要阻挡青年人发生变化是困难的。peopleof the older generation often find that it is difficult for them to hold back the changes among the young in a modern society no matter how hard they try.

8.既然你决定尽快完成硕士课程，那就别让你的社交生活妨碍你的学习。

Don’t let your social life stand in the way of your studies, since you’ve set your mind to finishing the master’s program as soon as possible.

Unit 6

1.装了假肢，他起初走路走不稳，但经过锻炼他的步子稳了。

Fitted with the artificial leg, he walked unsteadily at first,but with practice his steos became steady.

2.医生说我得了重感冒，她给我开了四种药，三种是药片，饭后服，另一种药水，睡前服。

The doctor said I had caught a bad cold and she prescribed me four kinds of medicine.Three of them are pills to be taken aftermeal, and theother is liquid tobe taken before bedtime.

3.我宁可到外面去散步也不愿在这房间里待上两个小时什麽事也不做。

I would rather go out for a walk than just stay in the room doing nothing for two hours.

4.汽车早已开走看不见了，珍妮还站在大门口凝视著路的尽头。

The car long being out of sight ,Jenny was still standing at the door ,gazing toward the end of the road.

5.就我所知，他们相互感情上已有一些时间。

As far as I know, they have been emotionally detached from each other for quite some time.

6.一般地说，通过增加供给或减少需求可以减低物价。

Generally speaking, increasing supply or decreasing demand can bring down prices.

Unit7

1.就像平常一样，他在开始洗漱前，将收音机调至早晨7点的新闻广播。

As usual, he tuned his radio for the 7 a.m news broadcast before he began to get washed.

2.队员们抽签决定谁先上场。

The team members drew lots to decide who would play first.

3.在该市，因吸毒和赌博而引发的罪行在发展，当地政府似乎找不出对付这一问题的办法。

In that city,crime born of drug abuse and gambling is on the rise and the local government seems unable to figure out a way to cope with it.

4.在那些日子里，我能弄到什麽就看什麽，只要是有英文写的。

In those days , I would read everything I could get my hands on so long as it was weitten in English.

5.我敢肯定那座楼在空袭中一定被完全炸毁了。

I bet that building must have been completely destroyed in the air raid.

6.她被这突如其来的打击吓得好几分钟讲不出一句话来。

She was so scared by the unexpected blow that she could not speak a word for several minutes .

Unit8

1.如果你每晚开夜车工作，身体必然会受影响。

If you stay up late workingevery night, your health will surely be affected.

2.即使你是班上最好的学生之一，要保住成绩也得常常温习功课才行。

Even if you are one of the best students in the class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often.

3.人们常把美国看成是一个不同民族的大熔炉。

The United States is often viewed as a melting pot of different nationalities.

4.情况确实如此，有些人一生中很早就获得成功，而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现自己的目标。

It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work a long time before attaining their goals.

5.他坚持认?这次实验的失败主要是由於准备不足。

He maintained that the failure of the experiment wsa largely due to inadequate preparations.

6.如今研究人员提倡我们应该每天花些时间将自己想要达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。Researchers now recommend that we take time off every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds.

Unit9

1.她行医至今已有三年零四个月了。

It has been three years and four months to the day since she began to practice medicine.

2.孩子们在到处奔跑，老师正吃力地把他们集隆起来带?教师。

The children were running all over the place , and the teacher was having a hard time rounding them up and bringing them back to the classroom.

3.这一发现进一步坚定了我的观点：这座火山在不久的将来会爆发。

The discovery further strengthened my belief that the volcano would erupt in the near future.

4.既然亨得森教授答应出席会议，我们想请他演讲。

Now that Professor Henderson has promised to attend the conference, we would like to request him to deliver a speech.

5.玛丽最终会离开家自己生活的，不过在这期间她仍需要你们的支持。

Eventually Mary will leave home to lead her own life, but in the meantime she will need your support.

6.令我欣慰的是，观众对我们的演出十分欣赏，他们中大多数是大学生。

Much to our relief, our performance was fully appreciated by the audience, mostly college students.

Unit10

1.事实上，对於这次海滩报纸上的?法不一。

In fact ,there are different accounts of the shipwreck in the newspapers.

2.据?这一地区遭灾早在两千年前农业就很先进。

It is said that the area was well advanced in agriculture as early as 2000 years ago.

3.自动取款机的功能是，无论在银行营业时或是关门时都能让人们用一种特殊的卡从银行帐户取出钱。

The function of an ATM is to allow people to draw money from their bank accounts with a special card whether the bank is closed or not.

4.孔繁森体现了一位共产党人的全部优秀品质。

kong Fansen embodies all the fine qualities of a communist.

5.如果你想在一生中有所成就的话，最重要的是树立信心。

It is most essential to build up your confidence if you want to achieve some thing in life.

6.你若要申请，就得做好面试的准备，到时常常得回答些棘手的问题。

When applying for a job, you should be ready for an interview in which you often have to answer difficult questions.

Appenix 1

1.一位刚从前线回来的下级军官证实了该边界城镇失陷及许多卫戌部队被俘的传闻.

A junior officer who had just returned from the front confirmed the rumor that the border town had been captured by the enemy and that many garrison troops were taken prisoner.

2.即使在最有利的条件下,公司也很难改产较为适销的产品而不冒暂时损失一些利润的风险.

Even under the most favorable circumstances, it won't be easy for the firm to switch to a more marketable line of products without risking some temporary losses in profits.

3.一定要争辩说你的解决办法胜过我的或是她的是没有意义的.事实上,各种解决办法都有其优点和

缺点,现在就说我的解决办法没有成功的希望未免武断.

there is no piont arguing that your solution is better than mine or hers . As a matter of fact , each has its strengths and weaknesses and at this piont it is arbitrary to say that mine does not stand a chance of success.

4.汤姆自己承担了全部责任.从为抱怨过别人.他把过去的不愉快抛在一边.现已团结了周围所有的人,勉力使公司渡过危机.

Tom took all the blame on himself and never complained about others. And brushing aside past unpleasantness , he has now united all those around him in an effort to bring the company through the crisis.

5.我们家的房子年久失修.需要马上修缮.与此同时,我们还得积起总够的钱,偿还明年底到期的贷

款.

Our house has fallen into disrepair and needs immediate renovating. Meanwhile we have to save up enough money to repay the loan that is due by the end of next year.

6.他一心扑在他的改革计划上.不久他就成为了一个婆负盛名的充满活力的社会改革家.

He worked hard at his reform programs and before long he established his reputation as an energetic social reformer.

Appenix 2

1.老人恳求红卫兵不要砸塑像,它是一件塑雕杰作.

The old man pleaded with the Red Guards not to destory the statue, which was a masterpiece of sculpture.

2.路灯亮起时,我看见一个男人摇摇晃晃地向市政厅方向走去.

When the street lights went on, I saw a man walking unsteadily in the direction of the City Hall.

3.是希腊人塑造了西方人的思想模式.

It was the Greeks who shaped the thinking of Western man.

4.你能够想象2050年的生活是个什么样儿吗?

Can you picture to youself what life will be like in the year 2050?

5.玛丽一定是发疯了.她不时无缘无故地哈哈大笑.

Marry must have gone crazy. She burst into laughter now and then for no reason at all.

6.尽管她的膝盖严重擦伤,她还是赶上了大多数其他长跑者.

Despite the fact that she had her knee severely bruised . she still managed to overtake most of the other long distance runners.

7.我知道在我们抽签时我显得很沉着,但骨子里却是紧张急了.

I knew I seemed calm when we drew the lots , but underneath it all I was terribly nervous.

8.聚会午夜散场.彼得和我又喝了几杯,而后回到宿舍.

The party broke up at midnight . Peter and I had a few more drinks and returned to our dorm afterwards.

商务英语句子及翻译

1、The market leader is frequently able to lead other firms in the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on. 市场领导者在引进新产品、调整价格、促销活动等方面能够领导其它企业。 2、Contrary to a common belief, wholly dominating a market, or having a monopoly, is seldom an advantage: competitors expand markets and find new uses and users for products, which enriches everyone in the field, but the market leader more than its competitors. 和普遍看法相反，完全控制市场，或者垄断，很难有优势：竞争者扩大市场，寻找产品的新用途和客户，从而使这个领域的人富有，但是市场领导者比竞争者得到更多。 3、In the car hire business, the challenger actually advertises this fact: for many years Avis used the slogan ‘We’re number two. We try harder.’ 在汽车市场，竞争者登广告的真相是：阿维斯多年来一直用这个标语“我们是第二，我们一直很努力。” 4、Although small companies are generally flexible, and can quickly respond to market conditions, their narrow range of customers causes problematic fluctuations in turnover and profit. 尽管一些小公司很灵活，能够迅速对市场情况做出反应，他们有限的范围内的客户们导致翻覆波动和利润的不确定。5、Although the market could understand data concerning companies’earnings, it was highly inefficient in valuing assets, including land, buildings and pension funds. 尽管市场能够获悉企业收入的资料，对价值资产的利用效率非常低，包括土地，建筑和养老基金。 6、The ideal targets for such buyouts were companies with huge cash reserves that enabled the buyer to pay the interest on the debt, or companies with successful subsidiaries that could be sold to repay the principal, or companies in fields that are not sensitive to a recession such as food and tobacco.

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案

Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、

财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译

Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事)，但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东，而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者，包括普通股股东，债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions，shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设，从长期来看，股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施，能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说，股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益，社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中，经理可能忽视股东的利益，而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源，除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股，普通股，资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产，也就是公司拥有的东西，是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的，通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格，而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益（留存收益）时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低，这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券，偿还债务，股票销售和回购，以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里，安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况，因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入，这是因为利息是税前支付的，公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值，但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率，用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中，货币时间价值是最重要的，也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。

专业英语翻译

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 141 (2011) 133–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /v e t i m m Short communication Saccharomyces cerevisiae decreases in?ammatory responses induced by F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in porcine intestinal epithelial cells Galliano Zanello a ,b ,1,Franc ?ois Meurens a ,1,Mustapha Berri a ,Claire Chevaleyre a ,Sandrine Melo a ,Eric Auclair b ,Henri Salmon a ,? a Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA),UR1282,Infectiologie Animale et SantéPublique,F-37380Nouzilly (Tours),Indre et Loire,France b SociétéIndustrielle Lesaffre,Lesaffre Feed Additives,Marcq-en-Baroeul,France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 19October 2010Received in revised form 13December 2010 Accepted 31January 2011Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Pig Intestinal epithelial cells Cytokines Chemokines a b s t r a c t Probiotic yeasts may provide protection against intestinal in?ammation induced by enteric pathogens.In piglets,infection with F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)leads to in?ammation,diarrhea and intestinal damage.In this study,we investigated whether the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc ,strain CNCM I-3856)and S.cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb ,strain CNCM I-3799)decreased the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines and chemokines in intestinal epithelial IPI-2I cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Results showed that viable Sc inhibited the ETEC-induced TNF-?gene expression whereas Sb did not.In contrast,killed Sc failed to inhibit the expression of pro-in?ammatory genes.This inhibition was dependent on secreted soluble factors.Sc culture supernatant decreased the TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6,IL-8,CXCL2and CCL20ETEC-induced mRNA.Furthermore,Sc culture supernatant ?ltrated fraction <10kDa displayed the same effects excepted for TNF-?.Thus,our results extended to Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)the inhibitory effects of some probiotic yeast strains onto in?ammation. ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1.Introduction Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)are pathogenic gram negative bacteria which infect humans and sev-eral species of farm animals such as calves and pigs.ETEC interacts with intestinal epithelial cells,colonizes the small intestine and secretes enterotoxins such as the heat-labile enterotoxins (LT),the heat-stable enterotox-ins (STa and/or STb),and the enteroaggregative E .coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1(EAST1)(Nagy and Fekete,2005).In pigs,ETEC infection and enterotoxin secretions can induce intestinal in?ammation and diarrhea resulting in reduced growth rate,increased mortality and economic ?Corresponding author.Tel.:+33247427331;fax:+33247427779.E-mail addresses:salmon@tours.inra.fr ,henri.salmon@tours.inra.fr (H.Salmon).1 These authors contributed equally to this work.loss (Fairbrother et al.,2005).Moreover,F4+ETEC strain induce pro-in?ammatory response in intestinal epithe-lial cells (Devriendt et al.,2010).Administration of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb )has been shown to protect pigs in reducing ETEC transloca-tion (Lessard et al.,2009).In vitro studies showed that Sb secretes soluble factors that decrease the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines induced by enteric pathogens (Zanello et al.,2009).However,to our knowledge,there is no in vitro data regarding the anti-in?ammatory effects of S.cerevisiae (Sc )secreted soluble factors.Sc and Sb are members of the same species but they differ geneti-cally,metabolically and physiologically (Edwards-Ingram et al.,2007;Hennequin et al.,2001).Thus,in this study,we assessed if the non-commensal and non-pathogenic yeasts Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)and Sb (strain CNCM I-3799)secreted factors allowing the down-regulation of pro-in?ammatory gene expression in intestinal epithe-lial cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Sc (strain CNCM I-3856) 0165-2427/$–see front matter ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.018

商务英语句子翻译整理

1、我们愿与贵公司建立业务往来。 We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. 2、我们愿为发展双方贸易提供机会。 We wish to offer you an opportunity to develop bilateral trade. 3、我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立商业关系。 This corporation specializes in importing and exporting electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you. 4、根据你公司1月20日来函要求，现附寄目录一份。 As requested in your letter of Jan.20, we enclose a copy of our catalogue. 5、对你努力为我公司开拓市场，深表感谢 We very much appreciate your efforts to explore the market for our products. 6、我们相信，我们双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。 We are sure that the business between us will be promoted in years to come. 7、我们保证对于贵方的询价给予充分的重视。 We assure you of our best attention to any inquiries from you. 8、殷切地盼望早日来函。We anticipate a prompt reply from you. 9、如果你方报价具有竞争性，交货期可接受的话，我们愿向你方订货。 We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date acceptable. 10、一旦收到你方具体询价，我们将电告报价。 As soon as we receive your specific inquiry, we will cable our quotation. 11、如果你方有兴趣，请电告我方，说明所需数量。 If you are interested, please cable us, indicating the quantity you require. 12、此发价为实盘，以你方在本月底前复到有效。 This offer is firm, subject to your reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month. 13、我们对贵方发盘颇感兴趣，几日内将给予明确答复。 We find your offer very interesting and shall give you a definite reply in a few days. 14、鉴于我们长期的贸易关系，特报此盘。 It is in view of our longstanding business relationship that we make you such an offer. 15、这是我方最新价格单，您会发现我们价格是具有竞争性的。 This is our latest price list. You will find our price is very competitive. 16、如果你方订货数量大，价格还可以进一步考虑。 We can reconsider our price if your order is big enough. 17、若你方愿降低价格，比方说百分之五，我们愿向你方试订此货。 Should you be prepared to reduce the price by, say 5%, we should place trial order with you. 18、鉴于我们已按此价与买主大量成交，我们不可能再降价了。 In view of the fact that we have done a lot of business with buyers at this price, we cannot reduce our price any further. 19、我们建议你方再次考虑发价，使之与国际市场价格一致起来。 We suggest that you reconsider your price, and bring it into line with the international market price. 20、我方决定再作百分之二的让步，希望这能有助于你方推销产品。 We have decided to make a further concession of 2% in the hope that this will help you push the sales of our

《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分

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