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大学英语2课后题答案

1-7 BCACDCB

8.overall white woman

9.the beauty industry's standards

10.the beauty desirability

【全文翻译】

动物的运动

除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像时钟的钟摆一样来回地摆动。

突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。

为了生存而移动

鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动(或者运动)对于动物的重要作用。

像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。

借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以再任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细的研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。

皮肤是关键

生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是使它们在水中高效游泳的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。

杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游泳的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。

随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。

能量的来源

是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。

当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。

鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。

接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。

海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者

海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。

海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了；但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。

其他的低速动物

并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造粘滑的粘液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。

科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己

束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗

【答案解析】

1.【解析】［D］属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They als o use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A、B和C在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项；答案D在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。

2.【解析】［B］属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B项意思一致，而其它选项在文中均未提及。

3.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal?s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A完全一致，所以直接选择A即可。其它选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。

4.【解析】［D］属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D的内容完全一致，所以答案选D项，而其它选项原文均为提及，为干扰项。

5.【解析】［C］属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark?s collagen …radials?”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C。选项A和B是两者的不同之处，选项D在文中没有提及。

6.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow。”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A选项。其它三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。

7.【解析】［C］属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C 12 times，其它选项均与原文内容不符。

8. 【解析】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。

9. 【解析】collagen fibers在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。

10. 【解析】some fantastic involuntary changes 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。

答案解析:

Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1. B)。参见第三段“Whether the problem is too much focus on work or too little, when your work life and your personal life feel out of balance, stress — along with its harmful effects —is the result.”可知，当你生活和工作的平衡被打乱的时候，你就会感到压力，这种压力会给你带来不好的影响。

2. D)。参见How work invades your personal life小标题下列举的打乱生活和工作平衡的内容可知，A)、B)、C)三个选项的内容与文章相符，唯有D)在文章中没有提及。

3. D)。参见Married to your work小标题下列举的过度工作可能给自己和家人或朋友带来的影响可知，文章提到了过度工作会使你疲劳并导致效率低下;过度工作还会占用你与家人和朋友团聚的时间而使亲情、友情受到影响;过度工作还会使你深陷工作泥潭以至于你肩上的担子越压越重。A)、B)、C)三个选项在一定程度上了文章的含义，只有D)与原文内容相符。

4. D)。参见Married to your work小标题下“Most importantly, say no when you?re too tired, when it?s affecting your health or when you have crucial family obligations.”一句可知，当你遇到如下三种情况的时候要对加班说“不”：太累了;影响到你的健康;有至关重要的家事。

5. B)。参见Striking the best work-life balance小标题下画线一句可知，作者是在建议大家学会说“不”，当别人让你帮助做某事的时候，你如果不想做，可以礼貌地拒绝，而不要强迫自己去做。

6. B)。参见Striking the best work-life balance小标题下Get enough sleep.一段所讲述的内容可知，如果你睡眠不足，你可能会在工作的时候感觉有压力;你可能会犯错误而因此付出高昂的代价;你的工作效率低下。但是文章中并没有说当你睡眠不足的时候，你就没有疲劳的感觉。

7. A)。纵观全文可知，本文作者认为，做出正确的判断和决定，判断哪些事情比较紧急，决定哪些事情对你来说是最重要的。

8. personal life。参见文章“Spend more time at work than at home, and you miss out on a rewarding personal life.”一句可知，如果你的工作占用了你大部分时间，那么你就没有足够的时间来享受生活。

9. tired。参见Married to your work小标题下“Your ability to think and your eye-hand coordination decrease when you?re tired.”一句可知，当你疲惫的时候你的反应速度在降低，你手眼协调能力在下降。

10. listen carefully。参见Striking the best work-life balance小标题下“Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully.”一句可知，如果你在与人交流的时候表达清楚、仔细倾听，那么你可以节省大量因为沟通中的误解所浪费的时间。

1-7 BDDDCBD

8. the challenges of married life

9. a formal suit

10. marriage promise

1-7 ABCDDCD

8. gain the weight back

9. high-risk situations

10. a simple activity, such as reading or brushing teeth.

1. B)

2. C)

3. A)

4. D)

5. C)

6. B)

7. D)

8. pave the way

9. irreplaceable

10. more likely

1. D)

2. C)

3. B)

4. D)

5. A)

6. A)

7. B)

8. dispersed in the atmosphere

9. debris

10. trouble

1. C)

2. A)

3. B)

4. A)

5. C)

6. D)

7. C)

8. two

9. very upset

10. eased

1. B

2. D

3. D

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. the challenges of married life 9. a formal suit 10. marriage promise

1------7 ACBCDDC

8. suggestion therapy 9. they are fascinated by it 10. accept it/ accept the method

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. a network of vessels

9. an invading organism

10. against future attacks

1-7 CDBDDDC

8. National Committee

9. Team manager

10. five years

1.【解析】[C]属细节推断题。根据题干的意思，本文中提到的巨大的球形宇宙飞船是指什么?根据本文第一个小标题下的第二段首句“A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles...”和第三段的首句“It?s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It?s spaces hip Earth...”，其中的“it”指代的就是“a giant, spherical …spaceship?”，由此可以知道C项是正确答案。其它选项虽然在文中均有提及，但都不是该题的正确答案。

2.【解析】[B]属细节推断题。题干中的past 25 years 是关键词，直接定位到第一个小标题下第三段的最后一句话“Only within the past 25 years, ... its passengers broken free of Earth?s gravity”。通过比较可知，该题干是对原句的改写，答案应该是C，可以直接选择。其它选项原文中都有提及，但是与该题均无关，不是正确答案。

3.【解析】[C]属同义转换题，注意本是一种排除性选择题。分析题干，本题考查人类还没有征服或者探索过的空间;或者，根据题支中的四个备选项，可以将该题的答案定位在小标题“Space Cities”下的第三段的最后一句话，“We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn”，可知C是正确答案。其它选项文中均有提及，都是人类已经征服或者探索过的空间，不是正确答案。

4.【解析】[B]属同义转换题。根据题干中关键词“more than a great adventure”，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Space Cities”下的第五段的最后两句话，“... more than a great adventure... may be a necessity for survival of the human species”。其中，第二句是对第一句的解释，而题支B正是该句的同义互换，所以答案选B项。其它选项在文中均未提及。

5.【解析】[C]属细节推断题。题干中是“asteroids” 关键词，答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”之下的第一段的第二、三句话“The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids...”。其中“so”表示前面与前句话的内容相同。题干对这两句话做了综合，并进行了同义互换，经推断可知C是正确答案。答案A文中没有提及，答案B和D均与题干要求不符。

6.【解析】[A]属同义转换题。根据题干中关键词“ultraviolet light”，答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”下的最后一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth?s atmosphere scree ns out most of that harmful radiation”这与选项A的意思一致，所以答案选A项。选项B本身就是错误的，选项C和D在文中均没有提及。

7.【解析】[C]属同义转换题。题干中的“risks”是关键词，可以将答案定位在“At Home in Space”这一小节下的第二段的前两句话，“Yet, these risks won?t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment w ill be built in space”。题干是对这两句话的综合和同义互换，由此可知选项C是正确答案。其它选项原文均未提及。

8.【解析】do not mix well根据Why Go into Space 中的第二段的第三、四句话，可以得到我们所需要的答案。

9.【解析】electricity for manufacturing根据Why Go into Space 的第一段得出该题目答案。

10.【解析】the losing of calcium根据At Home in Space 第一段第四句话找出题目所需要的答案。也可以写the loss of calcium。

大学英语第一册课后习题答案

新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 1 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7.virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

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