【2014石景山一模】北京市石景山区2014届高三3月统一测试 物理试题 Word版含解析

13．根据玻尔理论，氢原子的电子由n = 1轨道跃迁到n = 2轨道，下列说法正确的是

A．原子要吸收某一频率的光子

B．原子要放出一系列频率不同的光子

C．原子的能量增加，电子的动能增加

D．原子的能量减少，电子的动能减少

14．关于红光和绿光，下列说法正确的是

A．红光的频率大于绿光的频率

B．在同一玻璃中红光的速率小于绿光的速率

C．用同一装置做双缝干涉实验，红光的干涉条纹间距大于绿光的干涉条纹间距

D．当红光和绿光以相同入射角从玻璃射入空气时，若绿光刚好能发生全反射，则红光也一定能发生全反射

15．下列说法正确的是

A．布朗运动是液体分子的无规则运动B．布朗运动是指液体中悬浮颗粒的无规则运动C．温度降低，物体内每个分子的动能一定减小D．温度低的物体内能一定小

16．甲、乙两颗人造卫星绕地球作圆周运动，半径之比为R1 : R2 = 1 : 4 ，则它们的运动周期之比和运动速率之比分别为

A．T1 : T2 = 8 : 1 ，v1 : v2 = 2 : 1 B．T1 : T2 = 1 : 8 ，v1 : v2 = 1 : 2

C．T1 : T2 = 1 : 8 ，v1 : v2 = 2 : 1 D．T1 : T2 = 8 : 1 ，v1 : v2 = 1 : 2

17．右图是一列沿着x轴正方向传播的横波在t = 0时刻的波形图。已知这列波的周期T = 2.0s。下列说法正确的是

A．这列波的波速v = 2.0 m/s B．在t = 0时，x = 0.5m处的质点速度为零

C．经过2.0s，这列波沿x轴正方向传播0.8m

D．在t = 0.3s时，x = 0.5m处的质点的运动方向为y轴正方向

18．如图所示，L1、L2是高压输电线，图中两电表示数分别是220 V和10 A。已知甲图中原、副线圈匝数比为100 : 1，乙图中原副线圈匝数比为1 : 10，则

A．甲图中的电表是电压表，输电电压为2200 V

B．甲图中的电表是电流表，输电电流是100 A

C．乙图中的电表是电压表，输电电压为22000 V

D．乙图中的电表是电流表，输电电流是100 A

19．利用传感器和计算机可以研究快速变化的力的大小。实验时，把图甲中的小球举高到绳子的悬点O处，然后小球由静止释放，同时开始计时，利用传感器和计算机获得弹性绳的拉力随时间的变化如图乙所示。

根据图像提供的信息，下列说法正确的是

A ．t 1、t 2时刻小球的速度最大

B ．t 2、t 5时刻小球的动能最小

C ．t 3、t 4时刻小球的运动方向相同

D ．t 4 - t 3 < t 7 - t 6

20．如图所示，a 、b 是边界范围、磁感应强度大小和方向都相同的两个匀强磁场区域，a 的下端离水平地面的高度比b 高一些。甲、乙是两个完全相同的闭合正方形导线框，分别位于a 、b 的正上方，两线框的下端离地面的高度相同。两线框由静止同时释放，穿过磁场后落到地面，下落过程中线框平面始终保持与磁场方向垂直。下列说法正确的是

A ．乙线框先落地

B ．两线框同时落地

C ．穿过磁场的过程中，乙线框产生的热量较少

D ．穿过磁场的过程中，两线框产生的热量相同

a

b

甲

乙

21．（共18分）小灯泡灯丝的电阻随温度的升高而变大，某同学利用实验探究这一现象。所提供的器材有：

代号器材规格

A 电流表（A1）量程0-0.6A，内阻约0.125Ω

B 电流表（A2）量程0-3A，内阻约0.025Ω

C 电压表（V1）量程0-3V，内阻约3kΩ

D 电压表（V2）量程0-15V，内阻约15kΩ

E 滑动变阻器（R 1）总阻值约10Ω

F 滑动变阻器（R 2）总阻值约200Ω

G 电池（E）电动势3.0V，内阻很小

H 导线若干，电键K

该同学选择仪器，设计电路并进行实验，通过实验得到如下数据：

I/A0 0.12 0.21 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.50

U/V0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00

（1）请你推测该同学选择的器材是：电流表为 ，电压表为 ，滑动变阻器为 （以上均填写器材代号）。

（2）请你推测该同学设计的实验电路图并画在图甲的方框中。 （3）请在图乙的坐标系中画出小灯泡的I — U 曲线。

（4）若将该小灯泡直接接在电动势是 1.5 V ，内阻是 2.0 Ω的电池两端，小灯泡的实际功率为 _________W 。

图甲

I/A 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 U/V

图乙

22．（16分）如图所示，两块相同的金属板正对着水平放置，板间距离为 d 。当两板间加电压 U 时，一个质量为 m 、电荷量为 + q 的带电粒子，以水平速度 v 0 从A 点射入电场，经过一段时间后从B 点射出电场，A 、B 间的水平距离为 L ，不计重力影响。求：

（1）带电粒子从A 点运动到B 点经历的时间； （2）带电粒子经过B 点时速度的大小； （3）A 、B 间的电势差。

B

A v 0

d

23．（18分）一辆汽车的质量为 m ，其发动机的额定功率为 P 0。从某时刻起汽车以速度 v 0 在水平公路上沿直线匀速行驶，此时汽车发动机的输出功率为

4

P ，接着汽车开始沿直线匀加速行驶，当速度增加到 0

85

v 时，发动机的输出功率恰好为 P 0 。如果汽车在水平公路上沿直线行驶中所受到的阻力与行驶速率成正比，求：

（1）汽车在水平公路上沿直线行驶所能达到的最大速率 v m ； （2）汽车匀加速行驶所经历的时间和通过的距离；

（3）为提高汽车行驶的最大速率，请至少提出两条在设计汽车时应考虑的建议。

24．（20分）下图是放置在竖直平面内游戏滑轨的模拟装置的示意图。滑轨由四部分粗细均匀的金属杆组成，其中水平直轨AB与倾斜直轨CD的长度均为L = 3 m，圆弧形轨道AQC和BPD均光滑，AQC的半径为r = 1 m ，AB、CD与两圆弧形轨道相切，O2D、O1C与竖直方向的夹角均为 = 37°。现有一质量为m = 1 kg 的滑块（可视为质点）穿在滑轨上，以v0 = 5 m/s的初速度从B点开始水平向左运动，滑块与两段直轨道间

的动摩擦因数均为 μ = 0.2 ，滑块经过轨道连接处的机械能损失忽略不计。取g = 10 m/s 2，sin37° = 0.6 ，求：

（1）滑块第一次回到B 点时的速度大小； （2）滑块第二次到达C 点时的动能； （3）滑块在CD 段上运动的总路程。

A B

r

D

C

v 0 θ θ

O 2 O 1

P

Q

2014北京石景山高考一模数学理(word解析)

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6．正三棱柱的左视图如右图所示，则该正三棱柱的侧面积为（ 7．阅读右面的程序框图，运行相应的程序， 输出的结果为（ ） 8．已知动点()P x y ，在椭圆22 :12516x y C +=上，F 为椭圆C 的右焦点，若点M 满足 ||1MF = 且0MP MF ?= ，则||PM 的最小值为（ ） A B ．3 C ． 125 D ．1 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共110分） 二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分． 9．i 是虚数单位，计算 41i i +=+_________. 10．在等比数列}{n a 中，14=2=16a a ， ，则数列}{ n a 的通项公式=n a _____________，设2log n n b a =，则数列}{n b 的前n 项和=n S _____________． 11．已知命题p :0x x e ?∈

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