考研英语五夜十篇讲义

第一篇：英国乡村

第一段

1. For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.

（世界范围）

2. In Britain this has had a curious result.

3. While polls show（民调显示）Britons （英国人）rate（认为）“the countryside”alongside（以及）the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as（是）what makes them proudest of their country, this（英国人对于乡村的看法）has limited political support.（民众和政府的观点不一样！！！）While: 虽然（句首）；但是（中间）；同时

26.Britain’s public sentiment（观点）about the countryside ________.（细节）1

[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age滚！！！

[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS滚！！！

[C] is fully backed by the royal family滚！！！

[D] is not well reflected in politics= has limited political support.

第二段

1. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust（国民信托组织）not to rescue stylish houses (时尚的豪宅) but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”

but to for everyone forever.save “natural places the beauty”

2. It (组织) was specifically to provide city dwellers（居民）with spaces for leisure /where they could experience “a refreshing air.”

Providesbwithsth

3. Hill’s pressure(敦促，施压) （政府）later led to the creation（产生）of national parks and green belts.

4. They（政府）don’t make（建设）countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. （比喻，混凝土消耗着更多乡村！=很多房建在了乡村）绿地被破坏！=成果被破坏！

5. It （乡村）needs constant guardianship.（保护）

27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being

________.2 （细节）

[B] effectively reinforced.

[D] properly protected.

[A] gradually destroyed.

[C] largely overshadowed.

Parliament ：

The House of Noble 上

The House of Common 下

650

半数！325！Shadow cabinet / cabinet

The labor (left) Conservative (right)

200+ 318

Liberal Democratic（10）

Green party 1

Ukip 1

第三段

1. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse（支持）this sentiment. （保护乡村）

Sponsor （支持）

2. The Conservatives’（保守党）planning reform explicitly gives rural development(开发) priority over conservation（保护）, even authorizing（批准）“off-plan” building where local people might object（反对）.

Sb gives A priority over B

某人给了A优先权，而没有给B优先权；

某人重视A而不重视B

3. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.

sustainable development =环保

profitable= 有利可图！

Profitable= lucrative

Lucrative= handsome

Lucrative = rich

4. Labour（工党）likewise(同样的) wants to discontinue（停止）local planning where councils oppose development(反对开发).

local planning=保护乡村

工党也支持开发！

5. The Liberal Democrats are silent.

6. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with（站在了一起）those pleading for（呼吁）a more considered（周全）approach（方法）to using green land.

7. Its（Ukip）Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into （使…害怕）many local Conservative parties.

28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?3

[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.

[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.

（有may也不对的两种情况： 1. 和文章表述完全相反，

2. 文中完全没有提及。）

[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

（保持沉默不以为这失去了政治影响力）

[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

（有may 有未来！）

第四段

1. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.

2. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified（找到了）enough sites(建筑用地) for（容纳）half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion（侵占）on green belt.

Overstep

3. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces (其他地方).

第五段

1. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk.

1）“housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows”

要想解决住房危机就是要在绿地上建房。

2）The idea is pure lobby talk

2. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.

3. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.

4. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets（城市商业街）.

High street

Fleet street=英国报业

Downing street= 英国政府

Wall street = 美国的金融界

29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________.45（细节）

[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure

[B] shows his disregard（不关心）for the character of rural areas

[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis

[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

5. This is not a free market but a biased（有偏见的！有歧视的！）one.

保守党人往往是支持自由资本主义的。他们就主张要提供一个无差别的竞争的环境，让人人，各个组织机构都有机会，公平竞争。

保守党人认为政府不应该插手到市场的活动中。

6. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.

7. They do so best where building sticks to their edges（边界）and respects their character.

8. We do not ruin urban conservation areas.

9. Why ruin rural ones?

第六段

1. Development should be planned, not let rip.

Let rip = let sth rip 肆意妄为

2. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country.

3. Half a century of town and country planning(半个世纪以来的城乡规划) has enabled it (英国) to retain（保持了）an enviable rural coherence（一致性）, while （同时）still permitting low-density urban living.

Permit sth 使什么成为可能

30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of ________.6 （细节）

[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain主题为王k k必杀

[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain

[A] the size of population in Britain

[B] the political life in today’s Britain

4. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.

5. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.政治谱系

政治谱系上的左派和右派应该团结起来，避免这样的事情发生，而不是促成破坏英国乡村。

第二篇：英国福利

标注段落号和句子序号

切分/调序

第一段

1. In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.

George Osborneintroduced the “upfront（诚信）work search” scheme（计划）In o rder to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”,（人们）？？

Chancellor of the Exchequer

2. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV（简历）, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

Only if ….2) theywill be eligible forbenefit

Be eligible for sth

Be eligible to do sth.

1).the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV（简历）, register for online job

search, and start looking for work

3）they should report weekly rather than（而不是）fortnightly（每两周）

3. What could be more reasonable?

21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to________. 1细节

[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits

写作句：I can have the better access to the up-to-date information with the

help of the mobile Internet.

[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking

名词（有动词含义的）翻译为动词

[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily

[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits

Legitimate：合法；合理的；

（重视分析题干和选项以及相关语言点！）

第二段

1. More apparent reasonableness followed.

2. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance.

（介词能省译就省！）

3. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. （找指代！！！）

词汇：looking for(寻找) work not looking to（寻找）_____

22. The phrase “to sign on” (Para. 2) most probably means________.2 词汇

[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre

[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance

[C]to register for an allowance from the government

[D]to attend a governmental job-training program

A B C D

4. “We’re doing these things because we know t hey（things））help people stay off（远离）benefits and help those on（依靠）benefits get into work faster.”

5. Help?

6. Really? （作者观点！）

Diss 2012.1 peer pressure

7. On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness.

民生！社会责任感！

1）On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor

2）trying to change lives for the better

3）complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent（纵容性质的）system 4）system demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes（资助）laziness.

8. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

1）we were to understand

2）What motivated（促使）himwas his zeal（渴求）for “fundamental fairness”？

—protecting the taxpayer,

controlling spending and

ensuring that only the most deserving（最有资格的）claimants（申请者）received their benefits.（福利）

23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?细节2

[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.

[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.

[C]An urge to be generous（慷慨）to the claimants.

[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

第三段

1. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t ski p down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.

2. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support（福利）is minimal（最基本的）and extraordinarily hard to get.

3. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.

that offers purpose（目标）and structure（支撑）in your life.

4. Worse, the crucial（重要）income to feed（养活）yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.

5. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

Losing a job is hurting:

24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel________.3 细

[A]uneasy（不安）

[B]enraged（愤怒）

[C]insulted（侮辱）

[D]guilty（有罪）

第四段

1. But in Osborneland, your first instinct(本能) is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge（纵容）your falsehood（不诚信）.

England 英格兰

Osborneland奥斯本兰

Mayland

2. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.

It is as though：仿佛，好像！

（过去20多年，已经对英国的福利制度改革了！）

3. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.

1）The principle of British welfare is no longer that

2）you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment

3）you can receive unconditional payments(资助) if the disaster happens.

4. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.

1）Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”

2）“jobseeker”had no fundamental right to a benefit（that）

3）he or she has earned（benefit）through making national insurance contributions

5. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on

actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous(最少！) in the EU.

Instead = however!

Instead of= not

25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?细

[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.

[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.

[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.

[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

判断题型和关注段落号

第三篇：GDP 标准

第一段

1. Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”

2. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

1）Britain voting to leave the European Union,

2）GDP already predicted to slow as a result（因此）

3）it is now a timely moment（最佳时刻）to assess what he was referring to （指的是什么）

第二段

1. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.

2. Many argue that it is a flawed concept.

Everyone is flawed.

3.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.

Do= matter

4. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.

1）By most recent measures,

2）the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world

3）with record low=lowest unemployment and high growth figures

Record：空前的

5. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

1)If everything was going so well,

2)then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,

3) despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic

prospects

第三段

1. A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well being sheds some light on that question.

1）A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into wellbeing

2）A recent annual study sheds some light on that question 对…有启发！

2. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.

1）Across the 163 countries measured

2）in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. （确保经济的增长可以被转换为对民生有益的提升。）

3）the UK is one of the poorest performers

3. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

1）Rather than just focusing on GDP

2）over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured主被的切换！（study）

这项研究考量了涵盖健康教育公民社会的参与程度在内的，40多套指

标，而不只是关注于GDP，

3）to get a more rounded assessment （评估）of how countries are performing 目的是为了更加全面的评估这些国家的表现。

第四段

1. While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of

consistent （共同）themes.

2. Yes, there has been a budding（萌芽）economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline.

1）there has been a budding（萌芽）economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,

2）in areas such as health and education

3）in key indicators

再比如健康和教育领域中的关键指标方面，

4）major economies have continued to decline

3. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.

4. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.

1）across measures including civil society, income equality and environment

2）Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements

第五段

1. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.

逐句翻译稿子：

第一篇：英国乡村

第一段

1. For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.

历史上第一次，居住在城市里的人比居住在乡村你的人多。

2. In Britain this has had a curious result.

在英国，这产生了奇怪的结果。

3. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support（traction）.

虽然，民调显示英国人把“乡村以及皇室，莎士比亚和英国国家医疗服务体系”一起评为这个国家最让他们感到自豪的四个方面。但是这只得到了有限的政治上的支持。

26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside ________.

[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age

[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS

[C] is fully backed by the royal family

[D] is not well reflected in politics

第二段

1. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish （posh）houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”

一个世纪以前，奥克塔威亚希尔发起了“国民信托”组织，他们不是为了去拯救那些时尚的豪宅，而是去为每一个人永远的保留那份自然景色之美。

2. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”

这个组织专门为城市居民提供休闲之处，这里他们体验到一些清新的空气。

3. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.

后来，Hill 敦促（各方），进而产生了国家公园和绿地带。

4. They don’t make count ryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.

而现在，政府不再建设乡村，每年混凝土都在消耗更多的乡村。

5. It needs constant guardianship.

乡村需要持续的保护。

第三段

1. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.

下一次大选，似乎没有一个大党有可能会支持这种观点。

2. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object.

保守党的改革计划就明确地将优先权给予了乡村开发而不是保护，甚至批准当地人们可能反对的计划外建筑。

3. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.

可持续发展的概念被定义为有利可图。

4. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.

同样的，工党也想在到当地议会反对开发的地方停止当地规划。

5. The Liberal Democrats are silent.

自由民主党保持了沉默。

6. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.

只有英国独立党，感到了机会的存在，和那些主张用更周全的方式使用绿地的人站在了一起。

7. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

其保护英格兰乡村的活动使很多地方保守党人胆战心惊。

第四段

1. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.

修建新的住宅，新的工厂已经办公室的理想之地应该是已经有人住的地方，基础设施已经就绪的城市和城镇。

2. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt.

伦敦的地产代理商Stirling Ackroyd最近在伦敦就选定了足以修建50万套房屋的建筑用地，并且没有侵占绿地带。

3. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

伦敦都能做到，其他地方就更能做到了。

第五段

1. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk.

有观点认为住房的危机（的解决）就等同于要在草地上浇筑混凝土，这样的观点简直就是游说之词。

2. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.

问题不在于需要更多的房，和往常一样，问题在于修在哪里？

3. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.

在游说团体的压力之下，乔治奥斯本支持在乡村修新的建筑，而不是进行城镇的改造和翻新。

4. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.

他支持乡村购物场所，而不支持商业街。

5. This is not a free market but a biased one.

这不是一个自由的市场，而是一个有差别的市场。

6. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.

乡村小镇和村庄已经开始发展，而且会一直发展。

7. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.

这些小镇和村庄在遵守乡村边界和尊重乡村特色的地方发展很好。

8. We do not ruin urban conservation areas.

我们没有去破坏城镇的保护区。

9. Why ruin rural ones?

那么我们为什么要去破坏乡村的保护区呢？

第六段

1. Development should be planned, not let rip.

发展应该是有计划的，而不是肆意的。

2. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country.

英国是在欧洲仅次于荷兰人口密度最大的国家。

英国的人口密集程度在欧洲仅次于荷兰。

3. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.（permit 使…成为可能）

半个世纪以来的城乡规划就使得英国能够保持一种令人羡慕的乡村发展一致性。同时使低密度的城市生活发生成为可能。

4. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.

毫无疑问，还有另外一条路可以走, 像南欧的葡萄牙，西班牙和爱尔兰那样毁掉乡村的美丽风景。

5. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

左派和右派应该团结起来避免这样的事情发生，而不是促成这样的事。

将左派和右派团结起来的应该是共同努力避免这样的事情发生，而不是共同努力毁掉我们的乡村

第二篇：英国福利

第一段

1. In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.

1) In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”,

为了让生活变得更好，并且减少依赖，乔治.奥斯本，英国财务大臣引入了诚信求职计划。

2. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

只有当求职者拿着简历，到了求职中心，在网上注册求职，并且开始找工作以后，他们才有资格获得福利—同时应该每周而不是每两周汇报一次。还有什么能更合理吗？

第二段

1. More apparent reasonableness followed.

更多貌貌似合理的事情在后面呢。

2. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance.

现在，求职者要获得补助，需要等七天。

3. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed.

他认为，开始的这几天应该用来找工作，而不应该用来找sign on.

Looking for= looking to

Work 和sign on 是反义词！！！

4. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”

我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些事有助于人们远离救济，并且能帮助那些依靠救济的人更快地找到工作。

Stay off 远离

5. Help?

有助于？

6. Really?

真的吗？

7. On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness.

乍一听，这是一位有社会责任感的财务大臣，他尝试着通过完成对于一个明显带有纵容性质的系统的改革来让（人们）生活变得更好，这个系统对于刚失业的人基本没有提出求职努力的要求并且在补贴（助长）懒惰。

8. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

我们应该理解，促使他这样做的动机是出于对“基本公平”的热情—保护纳税人，控制财政支出并且确保只有那些最有资格获得补助的申请者才能拿到补助。

第三段

1. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.

失业是件痛苦的事情：你不会心里哼着小曲，一蹦一跳的去到求职中心，并开心地期待着这个慷慨的政府会让你的收入翻番。

2. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.

失业在经济上是令人恐惧的，心理上令人尴尬的而且你知道补助是最基本的而且很难获得。

3. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.

你不被人需要，并且被排除到了工作环境之外。而正是这个环境为你提供了生活的目标和生活的结构（支撑）。

4. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.

更糟糕的是，养活你自己，你的家庭以及支付账单的关键收入消失了。

5. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

问任何一个刚失业的人，他们最想要什么。答案一直都是:一份工作。

第四段

1. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

但是在“奥斯本兰”，你首先的本能是陷入依赖，国家做好了充分的准备来纵容你的谎言并提供这种依赖，你要能获得，你就会永远依赖。

2. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.

这就好像过去的20多年中，对于求职和福利系统空前严格的改革从没有发生过一样。

3. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.

英国福利制度的原则早就不再是确保你能抵御失业的风险；在灾难发生时能得到无条件的资助。

4. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.

甚至连“求职者补助”这个短语都是在将失业者定义为没有基本福利权的“求职者”，他们。而这些福利本就是他们通过缴纳社保挣来的。（为国家保险体系做贡献挣来的。）

5. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

相反，申请者获得有时间限制的补助，还得附上积极寻找工作的条件。

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2018年考研英语一小作文解析 齐祯 2018年考研英语小作文基本上延续了往年难度基本不变的趋势，本文将对2018年考研英语一的小作文部分作出详细解析。真题如下： Write an email to all international experts on campus, inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email, you should include the time, place an other relevant information about the ceremony. You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead (10 points). 本年度考研英语一小作文与往年真题的命题趋势基本一致，难度保持不变。与上一年2017年考研英语一的小作文考察体裁相同，今年的小作文仍然考察的仍然是最传统的体裁信函，也是历年真题作文中出现率最高的体裁。多数考生对信函的准备最为充分，只要将历年考察过的真题严加练习，信函的出现对各位考生来说应是最大的福音；另外，2018考研英语一小作文虽然考察到了信函，但并未考察新的类型的信函即历年真题未出现过的信函类型，根据对题干的解读，这已经是继2013年之后，考研英语一里面第二次考到邀请信，历年真题的复习、分析、精析是多数考生在准备考研作文的过程中的必经之路，只要做过2013年考研英语一小作文真题，2018年考研英语一的小作文也基本相似。综上所述，今年考研英语一的小作文对于多数考生来说并不算难，应该能够熟练地在考场上迅速完成。 小作文与大作文比唯一的难度在于：题干中的全部有效信息都以英文的内容和形式给出，所以对考题信息的详细解读是考研小作文解题的重中之重。相比之下，本次邀请信的题干内容相对于去年难度略高，但只要能抓到最关键的审题词，个别细节词汇对写作本文基本没有影响。所以对2018年考研英语一小作文的难度，仍可定为中等难度。对于基础偏弱的考生来说，在解题过程中，审题关键词是最为重要的环节。 本文将从题干分析、信函格式、正文部分、计分要点四部分对2018年考研英语一的小作文真题进行详解，供各位考生参考。 一、题干分析 如上所述，小作文解题的首要环节、最关键的环节也是难度最高的部分当属审题环节。与大作文相比，小作文没有直观的图画或图表来反映对应的内容或主题，写作的背景信息、内容要求、形式要求都以纯英文形式都放入了题干中，对于基础薄弱、单词量低的考生来说，如果不能理解清楚出题人的意思，便无从下笔；或者部分的关键词读不懂，一步走错满盘皆输，将小作文写跑题。 2018年考研英语一小作文的题干整体难度中等，考生只要将文章的方向、宏观内容和大意判断到位即可，而不是将小作文的题干全文翻译。分析历年小作文考察过的真题可得出，小作文题干部分存在着严格的结构和内容，即以模板形式做出，通常情况下小作文的英文题干分为背景信息、内容要求和形式要求三部分，定位的关键环节在前两部分，在这两部分中，如果能寻找和判断出关键词，则基本上可以完成小作文。通过对考研小作文题干词汇和审题信息的积累，以及历年真题的分析和前期准备，做到这一点基本不难。以下部分为2018年考研英语一小作文真题的审题关键词解析： 第一部分：背景信息。背景信息在整个读题环节中，相对难度最高。但2018年考研英语一小作文没有直接给出背景信息，而是直接糅合在了内容要求部分，由此身体的难度就相对降低了许多。 第二部分：内容要求。该环节是考生写书信的基本信息，不但包含写信的目的和写信的内容，同样也包含格式部分即称呼与落款。

考研英语基础阅读陈正康.doc

2016 考研英语阅读基 础班讲义 （适合英语一及英语二考生） 正康博士编讲

1994 Passage 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________. [A]withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes [B]obtain more convenient services than other people do [C]enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper [D]cash money wherever he wishes to 56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________. [A]in the future all the Americans will use credit cards [B]credit cards are mainly used in the United State today [C]nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash [D]it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 57.The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________". [A]make an order of goods [B]record basic sales on a cash register [C]call the sales manager [D]keep track of the goods in stock 58.What is this passage mainly about? [A]Approaches to the commercial use of computers.