高中英语阅读理解汇编之议论文

阅读理解专练议论文5篇

Passage 1(2017北京,D)

Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as

long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.

A.run out of human control

B.satisfy human’s real desires

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/794690940.html,mand armies of killer robots

D.work faster than a mathematician

2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.

A.prevent themselves from being destroyed

B.achieve their original goals independently

C.do anything successfully with given orders

D.beat humans in international chess matches

3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.

A.help super intelligent machines work better

B.be secure against evil human beings

C.keep machines from being harmed

D.avoid robots’ affecting the world

4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?

A.It will disappear with the development of AI.

B.It will get worse with human interference.

C.It will be solved but with difficulty.

D.It will stay for a decade.

Passage 2(2016课标Ⅰ,D)

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse

who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A.It implies anger.

B.It promotes friendship.

C.It is culture-specific.

D.It is content-based.

2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

A.The Chinese.

B.The French.

C.The Mexicans.

D.The Russians.

3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B.Break it while treating patients.

C.Evaluate its harm to patients.

D.Make use of its healing effects.

4.What may be the best title for the text?

A.Sound and Silence

B.What It Means to Be Silent

C.Silence to Native Americans

D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold

Passage 3(2016浙江,A)

“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.

With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most

students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感).

Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to.

A.introduce a topic

B.present an argument

C.describe the characters

D.clarify his writing purpose

2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it.

A.breaks up relationships

B.embarrasses the listener

C.spreads information around

D.causes unpleasant experiences

3.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it.

A.gives them a feeling of pleasure

B.helps them to make more friends

C.makes them better at telling stories

D.enables them to meet important people

4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can.

A.provide students with written rules

B.help people watch their won behaviors

C.force schools to improve student handbooks

D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors

5.What advice does the author give in the passage?

A.Never become a gossiper.

B.Stay away from gossipers.

C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies.

D.Think twice before you gossip.

Passage 4(2016北京,D)

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefo re, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

A.Sympathetic.

B.Disapproving.

C.Supportive.

D.Neutral.

2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.

A.change

B.choice

C.text

D.extension

3.According to the author, what role should college play?

A.To develop a shared identity among students.

B.To define and regulate students’ social behavior.

C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.

D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.

4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)

C:Conclusion

Passage 5(2014课标Ⅰ,C)

A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to become...take imm ediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?

A.To trick the lion.

B.To show off his skills.

C.To get ready for a fight.

D.To entertain the audience.

2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

A.They feel puzzled over choices.

B.They hold on to the wrong things.

C.They find it hard to make changes.

D.They have to do something for show.

3.What is the author’s a ttitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A.Tolerant.

B.Doubtful.

C.Respectful.

D.Supportive.

4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to .

A.wait for a better chance

B.break your old habits

C.make a quick decision

D.ask for clear guidance

答案全解全析

Passage 1

[语篇解读]本文为议论文。人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。

1.A主旨要义题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知,人工智能有可能会超出人类的控制,Norbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点。

2.A推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish to preserve its own existence”以及“it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead”可以看出,有特定目标的机器会保护自身免受破坏,故选A。

3.D事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines..., u sing them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可以得知,一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界。

4.C观点态度题。由最后一段的首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知,很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是有可能的,但是绝非易事,C项符合文章内容。

[长难句]If we use,to achieve our purposes,a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere,we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire. 如果我们使用一个我们根本无法有效地干预其操作的机械设施来达到我们的目的,我们最好确保输入到机器里的目的就是我们真正要求的目的。

本句是一个复合句,主句是we had better be quite sure,条件状语从句中包含一个不定式to achieve our purposes 表示目的,过去分词短语put into the machine作定语修饰其前的名词purpose,定语从句which we really desire修饰其前的名词purpose。

Passage 2

[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了沉默在不同风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。

1.C推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中所表达的含义不同,由此可判断在谈话中的沉默是有风俗特性的,故选C项。

2.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样,许多印第安人重视沉默,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些风俗里,沉默是一个思考的需要。根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可将B、C、D排除。

3.D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值,并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人,故选D项。其他三项文中未提到。

4.B主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用,故选B项,意为“沉默的意义”。A项“声音和沉默”,文中未提及声音。C项显然只是说美国人,有些片面。D项“说话是银,沉默是金”,与文章内容不符。

[长难句]Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.当护士和其他的护理者们遇到的病人可能处于个人焦虑时,他们需要明白沉默的可能含义。

本句为复合句,主句为:Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence,their patients may be experiencing为定语从句,先行词为anxiety。

Passage 3

[语篇解读]这是一篇议论文,题材为社会交往类。日常生活中我们经常和好友私下谈论传播关于某个人的闲话。本文作者把闲话流言给人们带来的影响分为三类,分别进行了论说。

1.A推理判断题。作者开头引用了两个同学谈论另外一个同学的闲话。然后作者说自己注意到闲话带来的三种影响。由此可知作者用这个例子来引出本文的话题,所以答案为A项。B项:展示一个争论;C项:描述人物性格;D项:阐明他的写作目的。这三项都不是作者引用这个例子的目的。

2.D事实细节题。根据第四段第一句话的描述“闲话的一个重要负面影响是它会伤害到那个正在被谈论的人”可知这会给被谈论的人带来非常不愉快的经历,所以答案为D项。A项:关系破裂,文中并未提及,排除A项。B项:让听的人很尴尬,文中没有提及这一点,排除B项。C项:到处传播信息,这不是负面影响,排除C项。

3.A事实细节题。根据第五段中的描述可知,人们喜欢说闲话是因为这给他们一种满足感。自己知道别人不知道的事且第一个说出来,这会给他们带来快感。由此可知答案为A项:会给他们一种快乐的感觉。B项:帮助他们交更多的朋友;C项:让他们更会讲故事;D项:让他们能够遇到重要的人物。这三项与文章意思不符。

4.B事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段的描述可知,和同伴说别人关于穿衣服的闲话时,会提醒对方穿相同的衣服也会被人说闲话,所以对方就会在这方面注意了。由此可知答案为B项:帮助人们留意自己的举止。A项:为学生提供书面的规则;C项:迫使学校改善学生守则;D项:引起警察对团队行为的关注。这三项均与本段意思不符。

5.D推理判断题。作者在最后一段建议到:下次想说别人的闲话时,要想一下你为什么要说、你的使人感兴趣的故事会带来什么影响。由此可知作者建议我们在说别人的闲话之前要三思。故答案为D项。A项:永远不要成为一个说闲话的人;B项:远离那些说闲话的人;C项:不要让闲话变成谎言。这三项与作者提出的建议不符。[长难句]Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of

negative attention.把这转换成高中用语,意思就是如果和你在一起的每个人都在嘲笑约翰穿的衣服或者简说过的话,那你肯定会知道自己穿同样的衣服或者说同样的话也会引起人们的那种消极的关注。

本句为主从复合句。主句为:this means that...。句首是过去分词短语作状语。第一个that引导宾语从句,在该从句中有if引导的条件状语从句,还有一个that引导的宾语从句。

Passage 4

[语篇解读]本文是议论文,题材为学校教育类。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要时期,学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续,大学没有教给学生独立,也没有让学生学会发现。

1.B推理判断题。根据第一段可知,作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。sympathetic同情的;disapproving 不赞成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。

2.A词义推断题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期是一个从家庭庇护到独立和承担成人责任的转化时期”,所以答案为A项。

3.D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知答案为D项。

4.C推理判断题。文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进行总结。故选C项。

[长难句]Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.大学里有关团体价值观、社会风气和行为的每一项讨论都应该包含对学生自主和自我管理发展重要性的认识,包含对安全和自我发现之间必要矛盾的认识。

本句为简单句,其主干为Every college discussion should include recognition,三个of短语作定语。

Passage 5

[语篇解读]本文是议论文,题材为社会文化类。每个人都会有自己的目标,在实现目标的过程中我们会不断地面对各种选择。在这些选择面前每个人的表现不尽相同,怎么做才是最佳选择呢?

1.A推理判断题。根据第一段的描述:当驯兽师拿着一把椅子放在狮子眼前的时候,狮子的注意力就会被分散在椅子的四条腿上,不知道接下来去做什么,也忘记了去攻击驯兽师。由此推断出驯兽师使用椅子是为了欺骗狮子做出错误的选择,故答案为A项。B项:为了炫耀自己的技术;C项:做好打架的准备;D项:为了娱乐观众。这三项与原文不符。

2.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的...the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.和第二段中的only to end up confused by all of the options可知人类和狮子的相同点就是在面对选择的时候都会感到迷惑不解,不知道该如何去选择,所以答案为A项。B项:他们抓住错误的事情不放;C项:他们觉得做出改变是很困难的;D项:他们必须做点事来给别人看。这三项与原文的描述不符。

3.B观点态度题。根据第三段中第一句话的描述可知:那些想改善自己生活的人们被那些专家提供的矛盾的信息弄得晕头转向,不知道该如何去选择。由此推断出作者对这些专家持怀疑的态度,所以答案为B项。tolerant容忍的,宽恕的;doubtful怀疑的;respectful表示敬意的;supportive支持的。

4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的You just need to get started.和take immediate action可以推断出在面对这一情况时你要立即做出决定,所以答案为C项。A项:等待更好的机会;B项:打破你的旧习惯;D项:请求得到明确的指导。这三项与最后一段的建议不符。

高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练

?记叙文阅读 ▼“八字诀”：综观理脉检索整合 一、综观——握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。 二、理脉——分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。 三、检索——筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。 四、整合——审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制(没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善)；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。 ▼要求能力 1、理解语篇主旨大意 2、理解文章具体信息 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义 4、作出简单判断和推理 5、理解文章的基本结构 6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度 ▼题型动态 1、主旨大意题 2、细节理解题 3、词义判断题 4、推断题 5、观点态度题

●▓主旨大意题 文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结. 虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种： What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? The main idea of the passage is… ★The passage is mainly about_____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is/ might be____. The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____. ★做题要领： 文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。 但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。 【练一练】 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. ?Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale. B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.

2020-2021高考英语一模试题分类汇编——阅读理解综合及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world. The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.sodocs.net/doc/794690940.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return. Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise. Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience. On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different. It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world. And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard. （1）Why did Paulo set up https://www.sodocs.net/doc/794690940.html,? A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers. B. To exchange postcards with others in the world C. To collect different postcards from other countries. D. To provide a platform for communication online. （2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________. A. don't know who will send them postcards B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately C. often choose a receiver's address carefully D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing? A. The international news is usually depressing. B. Americans are more conscious about privacy. C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.

2017年中考初中议论文阅读题型讲解(有答案!!)

中考议论文阅读题型讲解 议论文基础知识 议论文又叫说理文，它是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。 常见题型 1、归纳和找出文章的论点或是中心论点 2、论点是怎样提出来的 3、概括论据的内容 4、补充和论点内容一致的论据 5、判断某文段是属于事实论据还是道理论据 6、论据的作用 7、判断某段、某句采用什么论证方法 8、采用某种论证方法在文章中的作用 9、围绕某个论点，作者是怎样论证的 10、分析过度句，或者是起始句、结尾句的作用 考点分析 1、把握中心论点 2、辨析论据类型，分析其作用 3、辨析论证方法及作用 4、理清思路分析文章结构 5、分析议论文的语言特色 6、联系实际，开放拓展谈看法 议论文文体知识： 议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证。论据的类型：事实论据、道理论据。 常见论证方法：举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证。 议论文结构方式：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。 论证的方式：立论、驳论。 论点：作者的主张、看法、观点。（正确、鲜明） 注意：议论文一般只有一个论点，有的还围绕中心论点提出几个分论点，分论点也是用来证明中心论点的。 论据：证明论点的材料。（真实可信） 事实论据：是有代表性的事例、史实。 道理论据：某种正确的理论、名言警句、公理等。 论证：用论据证明观点的过程和方法。 常见题型解答技巧 一、把握中心论点 常见提问：以上选文主要论述了一个什么中心？ 答：这篇文章围绕观点展开论述······ 怎样找中心论点？ 1、形式：一个完整的简洁明确的句子 2、要看文章的标题 3、常出现的位置 ⑴标题揭示⑵开头提出⑶议论过程中鲜明提出 ⑷结尾归纳（表示总结性的词语：所以，总之，因此，由此看来归根结底……） ⑸文章中没有提出，需读者自己归纳 4、通过论据反推论点 练一练： 最美的姿态(选自《北大中文系第一课》，有删改） 本文阐述的主要观点是。 二、辨析论证方法及作用 提问方式：选文主要用了什么论证方法？有什么作用？ 论证方法的作用 举例论证：通过举具体的事例加以论证，从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。 格式：使用了举例论证的论证方法，举……（概括事例）证明了……（如果有分论点，则写出它证明的分论点，否则写中心论点），从而使论证更具体更有说服力。 比喻论证：通过比喻进行证明，使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。 格式：使用了比喻论证的论证方法，将……比作……，证明了……的观点，从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。 对比论证：对比论证的作用就是突出强调。 格式：使用了对比论证的论证方法，将……和……加以比较，突出强调了……的观点。 引用论证：引用论证比较复杂，这与具体的引用材料有关，有引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据、名人佚事、笑话趣闻等各种情况，其作用要具体分析。如引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据，可以增强论证的说服力和权威性；引用名人佚事、奇闻趣事，可以增强论证的趣味性，吸引读者往下读。 格式：使用了引用论证的论证方法，通过引用……证明……的观点，使论证更有说服力。（或更有趣味性，吸引读者往下读） 阅读练习： 微阅读时代更需阅读经典 杨福成 ①而今，“微阅读时代”已经来临。与正襟危坐捧一本经典厚书来比，微阅读的趣味性是大大增强了，鼠标一动、手机一点，浏览便捷、直观，内容简单、轻松。 ②微阅读时代我们还需要阅读经典吗？ ③不难发现，当今社会具有这么几个特征：人心浮、轻文化、重娱乐。这与这个社会疏远了经典，疏远了那些能够让心灵沉静下来的书籍不无关系。 ④曾经，上世纪七八十年代的大学生演绎了早上四五点钟就去新华书店排队买书的风景，

2020全国中考语文分类汇编：议论文阅读(2) 含答案与解析

2020全国中考语文分类汇编：议论文阅读（2）【河北省】 三、阅读下面文字，回答11～13题。（8分） 真情实感 ①作为狭义散文的“美文”，是一种侧重于抒发主观体验和内心情感的文学样式，因此在它的全部篇章中间，应该是洋溢和充满着丰盈的情感。 ②古今中外多少优秀的篇章，都充分地流露和倾泻着自己的情感，有的像炽热耀眼的阳光，有的像奔腾呼啸的大海，有的像壮怀激烈的咏叹，有的像伤痛欲绝的悲歌，有的却又像欢天喜地的赞颂；当然也有与此很不相同的情形，那就是异常含蓄与蕴藉地表达自己的情感，从表面看来似乎并不强劲和猛烈，但是在欲说还休的抑扬顿挫之中，可以让读者更深切地感受到这股感情潜流的曲折回旋，因而会产生更多的回味，值得更充分的咀嚼。 ③根本的问题自然还不在于表达情感的方式，而在于感情本身的是否真实和诚恳。如果是矫揉造作或虚情假意的话，无论是表演得多么热烈，或者是装饰得多么含蓄，往往都无法打动读者的心灵，至多是只能暂时感动一些天真和幼稚的读者。他们一旦成熟起来，就会讥笑和懊悔自己，怎么会被这种矫揉造作或虚情假意所打动呢?一个真正对人类社会和广大读者负责的散文家，绝对不应该去抒发自己都未曾真正感动过的情绪。只有将真正使自己感动得无法抑止的情绪，很自然和诚实地表达出来，才有可能充分地去感动读者。 ④产生取之不竭的真情实感的深邃源泉，是在于时刻都不能忘怀现世人生，老老实实地诉说，切忌说谎和诓骗，如果有了这样坚实的立足点，就是翱翔于九天，神游于幻境，或进行巧妙的艺术虚构，也都会抒发出真情实感来的。“美文”艺术的核心确实是在于真情实感，散文家如果能够充分把握自己这股真情实感的激流，不住地汩汩倾泻，肯定就会出现富有艺术光泽的绝唱。正因为具有这样的特征，它对于艺术技巧的需求，较之小说、话剧与诗歌来就要少得多了，所以任何一个为中华民族未来命运而搏斗，真心实意地挚爱着自己祖国的人，只要他能够驾驭着流畅和美丽的文字，就都有可能写出上乘的散文佳作来。

高考英语议论文阅读攻略

济宁市育才中学2006级专题复习---议论文阅读训练学生自主作业 高考英语议论文阅读攻略 一、议论文阅读理解的语篇特点 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型 从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有： 1. 主旨题 考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。 2. 推理判断题 这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。 3. 细节题 细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。 三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧 第一，抓论点、寻论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。 第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。 把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： 1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提

出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。 2. Argument/Idea →Evidence →Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 下面我们结合2008年高考试题看一下议论文阅读理解的方法。 1. 2008 重庆E篇 Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Bu ying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors. It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety. 72. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1? A.The exercise of rights is a luxury. B.The practice of choice is difficult. C.The right of choice is given but at a price. D.Choice and right exist at the same time. 73. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety? A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product. B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析(十一)

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable

中考语文议论文阅读习题及答案

让节约成为一种精神 ①用水告急、用电告急！去年入夏以后，这样的信息不断充斥耳际，节约用电，节约用水，再次成为各级紧急呼吁的重点和国人必须的选择。 ②曾几何时，“节约”两个字被打上了“过去时”的烙印，似乎成了不入时的代名词。不少人觉得，节约是以前吃不饱、穿不暖、生产力水平低下时代的产物，在物质产品日益丰富、全民奔小康的今天，倡导节约已不合时宜。还有人认为，现在搞市场经济，高消费、超前消费是促进生产发展的动力源，如果没有消费作刺激、作牵引，就会造成市场流通不畅，生产停滞不前…… ③其实，提倡节约与我们发展经济奔小康、提高生活水平并不矛盾。社会在进步，时代在发展，对于“节约”二字，我们也应该从更高层次、更深内涵上来理解、把握和追求，让节约成为我们统一的认识和自觉的行动。 ④让节约成为一种追求。在追求生活质量、追求生活品位的今天，我们也应该认识到：节约资源就是保护人们赖以生存的环境，就是保护干净的水源、清洁的空气、放心的食物……如今，缺水是全人类共同面临的问题，地球上维系生命的淡水资源十分紧缺。有人打了个比方，如果地球上的总水量是一杯水，那么其中淡水仅有1茶匙，而可直接利用的淡水只有1滴。我国又是世界上12个贫水国之一，其可利用淡水资源不到世界平均水平的四分之一。可见节约用水，乃至于节约一切资源，与我们每一个人的日常生活都密切相关。 ⑤让节约成为一种习惯。当你离开家或办公室时，你应该记得把电器开关关上：当水龙头滴漏时，你应该想到先用一个容器把水接下来，再请人抓紧修理：当你扔掉一张纸时，你应该意识到它的另一面还可以用，而这样做可以减少一半的用纸量。节约是一种聚沙成塔、集腋成裘的事，需要从一点一滴做起，从每一个细节做起。通过节约，我们可以保护一条河流，少建一座电站，拯救一片森林，保留一处资源…… ⑥让节约成为一种精神。节约可以陶冶人们的情操、意志和品德。古人有言：“一粥一饭当思来之不易，一丝一缕恒念物力维艰”；“历览前贤国与家，成由节俭败由奢”。这里的节俭便是节约，便是告诫人们要力戒奢侈和铺张浪费。 ⑦在艰苦的革命战争年代里；大力提倡“节约每一个铜板，为着中国的革命事业”。今天，战争的烟云虽已远逝，勤俭节约的真理却并未失效，全面建设小康社会，实现中华民族的伟大复兴，使命神圣而任重道远，非常需要我们继续发扬艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约的精神。让节约成为一种传统、一种追求、一种习惯，更成为一种精神吧！ 1．通读全文，说说本文作者表达了一种什么观点？ 答：____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．文章是从哪几个方面来阐明作者的观点的？ 答：____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．文章第④段采用了哪两种论证方法？ 答：____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．第⑤段中谈到“让节约成为一种习惯”，你有哪些节约的好习惯？请用与本段相同的句式表达出来，与大家分享。 答：____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．节约是中华民族的传统美德，为此我们应大力提倡。请你为宣传节约拟一句标语和一副对联(或对偶句)。答：____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 容忍别人等于善待自己 “既生瑜，何生亮”，这句话是三国时期东吴大将周瑜临死时说的。周瑜至死仍未明白，自己和诸葛亮在才智上并没有多大的差距，而是缺少了诸葛的大度，因为这，他被诸葛亮三气而死，留给后人的是无限的感慨

2018年全国各地中考语文试卷：议论文阅读汇编

2018中考议论文汇编 （湖南益阳）（四）阅读下文，完成18～20题。（9分） 唐僧，为啥不飞过去 姜仲华 ①小时候看《西游记》，心里总有个问题：唐僧取经那么难，其实有好办法呀，孙悟空会驾云，只要背起他，十万八千里，一飞不就到了吗？近日偶读《孟子》，看到有句话：源泉混混，不舍昼夜，盈科而后进，放乎四海。 ②“科”是俗语的“窠”，就是坑、洼。孟子的意思是，流水遇到坑、洼，要充满之后才继续向前流；不把坑、洼填满，就不向前流。联想起《西游记》中唐僧师徒的经历，忽然若有所悟：唐僧师徒不飞，原来如此啊！ ③我豁然明白，唐僧师徒的取经路，像流水一样，遇到的每一个坑洼都填满了，再向前走一步。这是极其注重细节的人生。这每一个坑坑洼洼，都有上天的美意；这些坑坑洼洼，是熬人的苦杯，其实，也正是盛满祝福和营养的福杯啊！如果用巧法省下走哪个坑洼，坑洼里含着的福分和养分，就得不到了。师徒四人一个一个地战胜八十一难，一步一步地走过十万八千里，他们的心如钢铁，在反复灼烧、锤打，抵达西天时，已经不是取经最初的凡铁了，他们脱俗成圣了。 ④盈科而后进，是一种厚实、沉着的坚守和忍耐；成就的，是不寻常的质地和品格。据说，如今的白酒调酒师，能用酒精、香精、味

素，快速调出美味的酒。但是真正的好酒，必须在地下默默无闻地埋藏、发酵多年。 ⑤韩国围棋大师曹薰铉写了一篇围棋讲座稿，开头有段话，提醒学棋的人：“我以为，与其一心想着要赢棋，倒不如专心下好每一盘棋的每一步，以留内容充实的棋谱。人生的每一瞬间都有正道，围棋的每一手也都有其正确的方向。每一步都尽善尽美的人生是美丽的，围棋也是如此。”曹薰铉“专心下好一盘棋中的每一步”，不正是唐僧师徒扎实无比的取经之路吗？ ⑥童年读《西游记》，读到的是巧；人近中年，读出的是拙。我为童年的小聪明而惭愧，也明白了，真正称得上美好的事业、真正品质恒久的果子，都来自流水一样的“盈科而后进”的精神啊。 （选自2018年第1辑《时文选粹》） 18．第⑤段论证的观点是什么？（2分） 19．第③段运用了什么论证方法？试举一例分析其作用。（4分）20．下面链接的材料能不能作为本文的论据？请说明理由。（3分）有为者辟若掘井，掘井九轫而不及泉，犹为弃井也。（选自《孔孟论学习》） 答案：（四）18．（2分）“下好每一盘棋的每一步”“每一步都尽善尽美的人生是美丽的”“人生的每一瞬间都有正道”均可。（答对一个即给分）

高考英语 议论文阅读理解突破

议论文阅读理解突破 议论文是英语中的重要文体。从近几年各地高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。很有必要对议论文的文体特点及解题规律作一探索，实现突破。 一、议论文的语篇特点 议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型及对策 从近几年的高考试题来看，议论文阅读理解的命题类型主要有： 1.主旨大意题 【设题方式】 (1)The text is mainly about ___________. (2)What does the author want to tell us most? (3)What can be the best title for the text? (4)What is the main idea of the passage? (5)What can we learn from the last paragraph? 【对策】 做好此类试题，关键是迅速找准文章或段落的主题句。这就必须对议论文常见论证方法 作一了解。（1）归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，得出结论、

看法或道理。（2）演绎法，即从一般论断出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。（3）驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。 另外，议论文在语言表达上经常使用一些有辩论、推理等含义的词汇和句型，如： however, take …for example, thus, therefore, consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），It follows that…（因而），…, but it would be far better if we …（如果我们……，那会更好），I am of the opinion that …（我认为……），It’s clear that …等。我们可以通过这些关键词迅速把握作者的写作意图。 例1（2020天津卷D篇，有删减） To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. … These three popular misquotes（戏谑的引语）are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for having made a mistake. They naturally look for someone else who could be responsible for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: “To err is human, to forgive, divine（神圣的）.”This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 1. What does the author want to tell us most?（原创题） A. to make as few mistakes as possible. B. to think seriously about our wrongdoings. C. to bear responsibility for our mistakes. D. to pass the blame on to someone else. 解析：这是一篇典型的驳论文。作者先列出一个错误观点，即To blame the other

2016届初三二模分类汇编议论文阅读专题

上海市各区县2016届初三二模语文试卷分类汇编 议论文阅读专题 杨浦区 （一）阅读下文，完成第15-18题（18分） 学会赏识 ①赏识，是一个人心境磊落、视野舒朗的表现;也是一个人才智敏锐，气度从容的凸现。赏识，是为人之道，不懂赏识，不愿赏识，人与人之间往往就多了一份挑剔，少了一份欣赏;多了一份苛求，少了一份呵护。于是乎就像医生对患者一样，执着的“诊断”他人身上的不足、过失、缺点、毛病和错误，于是乎便有了冷眼、批评、讽刺以致呵斥，最终结出的苦果便是信任的折损、亲和力的丧失…… ②人人都应该学会赏识，须知“人性最深层的需求就是渴望别人的欣赏”（威廉.杰姆斯语）。而且随着阅历的增加，这种“渴望”会变得更加深沉而炽烈。你的一个信任的微笑、一个肯定的颔首、一个激励的眼神、一句鼓舞人心的话语，可以为他人驱散积聚在心底的自卑的阴影，可以为他人找回失落已久的宝贵的自尊，可以为他人校正前进的方向，可以为他人唤醒早已尘封的潜质、潜能，可以为他人诱发心中创作冲动的萌芽。 ③赏识在于心态的调整，赏识生长在自由和谐的空气里，生长在亲切平视的目光中。赏识弃绝“祖师爷”和“裁判官”的心理羁绊，以平和宽广的心境、宽厚接纳的态度，去聆听灵魂深处质朴纯彻的心语，去捕捉稍纵即逝的创作灵光。 ④赏识在于角度的转换，万事万物，各有其长;远近高低，各呈其姿。于人于物，其正面或许并非那样靓丽可人，其侧面则可能是一幅优美的剪影;或者其外表还是稚嫩、丑陋、拙笨、顽劣的壳，其内部蕴含的却是成熟、美丽、新异、灵动的核，我们何妨换个角度看一看，何妨拐个弯子想一想? ⑤赏识在于标准的择取，美丑、好坏、优劣、成败、是非都是相比较而存在的。追求崇高和完美本无可厚非，但苛求崇高和完美则大可怀疑。用神的标准测量凡人，用完美的标准去审度他人，赏识便会失去家园。只要我们降低一些标准去看待他人，值得赏识的东西便会扑面而来：闪光的道德、妙异的智慧、纯美的人情…… ⑥赏识不是单向的施舍，是智慧与智慧的主动碰撞;赏识不是别有用心的廉价恭维，而是对一种相对价值的公正认可;赏识不是谀词满口的鄙俗奉承，而是对事物固有魅力力的真诚接纳。 ⑦学会赏识吧，这样，你的胸襟才更显得博大，灵魂才更趋于崇高;拥有赏识吧，这样，世界便获得了求真、求美、求善的不竭动力！（有删改） 15、（1）根据文章写作思路 ．．．．。下列对文章层次划分最恰当 ．．．的一项是（）（2分） A.①/②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ B.①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦ C.①②/③④⑤⑥/⑦ D.①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦