英美文学名词解释
1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ，presented to usa comprehensive __picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。
A. visionary / women
B. romantic /men
C. realistic / characters
D. natural / figures
2. Although ____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come.
A. William Langland
B. John Gower
C. Geoffrey Chaucer
D. Edmund Spenser
3. Humanism spume from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ， intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the ____ of all things .
A. measure
B. king
C. lover
D. rule
4. The essence of humanism is to ______.
A. restore a medieval reverence for the church
B. avoid the circumstances of earthly life
C. explore the next world in which men could live after death
D. emphasize human qualities
5. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satir e of the hypocrisy of ___ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ .
A. Christians / Jews
B. Jews / Christians
C. oppressors / oppressed
D. people / Jews
6. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .
A. death/ life
B. death/ love
C. time / beauty
D. hate / love
7.In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone.
A. delightful
B. satirical
C. sentimental
D. solemn
8. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____.
A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology
B. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisie
C. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideology
D. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic Church
9. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century .
A. Renaissance
B. Enlightenmrent
C. Religious Reformation
D. Chartist Movement
10.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people.
A. romantic
B. idealistic
C. prophetic
D. realistic
1. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests
a character study with strong _________ elements .
A. autobiographical
B. sentimental
C. joyful
D. bitter
2. The title of the novel “ Vanity Fair ” was taken from Bunyan's masterpiece __________.
A. The pilgrim‘s Progress
B. Gulliver‘s Travels
C. Hard Times
D. Wuthering Heights
3.In his early novels ， Charles Dickens attacks one or more specific social evils in each ： for
example ， the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark ， criminal u nderworld life in “_____” .
A.The pickwich Paper
B.David Copperfield
C.Oliver Twist
D.A Tale of Two Cities
4. G.B. Shaw's play ， Mrs . Warren's frofession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the _________.
A. slum landlordism
B. political corruption in England
C. economic oppression of women
D. religious corruption in England
5. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ________.
A. William Wordsworth
B. Oliver Goldsmith
C. Thomas Gray
D. Robert Burns
6. _______ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.
A. The Songs of Innocence
B. Reliques of Ancient English poetry
C. Songs and Sonnets
D. Kubla Khan
7. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.” is an epigrammatic line by___.
A. John Keats
B. William Blake
C. William Wordsworth
D.P. B. Shelley
8. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.
A. explorer
B. peasant
C. worker
D. governess
9._______ is a typical feature of Swift's writings.
A.Bitter satire
B.Elegant style
C.Casual narration
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7a12604391.html,plicated sentence structure
10. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best known novels, portrays man as
A. being hereditarily either good or bad
B. being self-sufficient
C. having no control over his own fate
D. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion
1.Blake ， Wordsworth __________ ， Byron ， Shelley and __________ are the major Romantic poets .
A. Coleridage / Scott
B. Coleridge / Keats
C. Keats / Scott
D. Scott / Coleridge
2. The poetic view of ______ can be best understood from his remark about poetry, that is, "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."
A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B. John Keats
C. William Wordsworth
D. Percy Bysshe Shelly
3.Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the ______ century.
A. 17 th
B. 18 th
C. 19 th
D. 20th
4.In the conversation with his wife in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a(n) ______tone with sarcastic humor.
A. solemn
B. harsh
C. arrogant
D. teasing
5. Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______.
A. Great Expectations
B. A Tale of Two Cities
C. Bleak House
D. Oliver Twist
6. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.
A. Dubliners
B. Jude the Obscure
C. A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
D. Ulysses
7. “art for art’s sake” was put forth by ______.
A. aestheticism
B. naturalism
C. realism
D. neo-romanticism
8. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is ______.
A. Jane Austen
B. Charles Lamb
C. Walter Scott
D. George Eliot
9. The Victorian Age was largely an age of________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.
A. poetry
B. drama
C. novel
D. prose
10. In ____ ’s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.
A. Alfred Tennyson
B. Robert Browning
C. William Shakespeare
D. George Eliot
《英美文学史·英国》复习思考题
I.Write out the authors’ names of the following works.
1. Antony and Cleopatra
2. Tom Jones
3. Jane Eyre
4. Robinson Crusoe
5. A Red Red, Rose
6. The Importance of Being Earnest
7. Mr s. Warren’s Profession 8. To the Lighthouse
9. The Isle of Greece 10.Ode on the Grecian Urn
11. The Tempest 12. Gulliver’s Travels
13. Vanity Fair 14. Wuthering Heights
15. Oliver Twist 16. Tess of the d’Urberviles
17. Ulysses 18. The Mill on the Floss
19. Mrs. Dalloway 20.Ode to the West Wind
21. Henry VIII 22. Paradise Regained
23. The Canterbury Tales 24. Pride and Prejudice
25. David Copperfield 26. Women in love
27. Lyrical Ballads 28. Mrs. Warren’s Profession
29. Major Barbara 30. Prometheus Unbound
31. Julius Caesar 32. Samson Agonists
II.Define the following literary terms.
1. Free Verse
2. Heroic Couplet
3. Romance
4. Art for Art’s Sake
5. Drama
6. Rimed Verse
7. Epic 8. Novel
III.Give brief answers to the following questions.
1.What is tragedy
2.Who were the Lake Poets?
3.What is Metaphysical poetry?
4.What was Wordsworth’s definition for poetry?
5.What is Art for Art’s Sake?
6.What is Spenserian sonnet?
7.What is Shakespearean sonnet?
8.What is Hardy’s “character and environment” novel?
IV.Read the following poems and try to understand and explain them.
Hamlet(Shakespeare)
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep. (Consult your book)
LONDON (William Blake)
I wander thro' each charter'd street,
Near where the charter'd Thames does flow,
And mark in every face I meet
Marks of weakness, marks of woe.
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice, in every ban,
The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.
How the Chimney-sweeper's cry
Every black'ning Church appalls;
And the hapless Soldier's sigh
Runs in blood down Palace walls.
But most thro' midnight streets I hear
How the youthful Harlot's curse
Blasts the new born Infant's tear,
And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.
(Consult your book)
V.Write an essay of about 250 words explaining ONE of the following topics.
1. A Plot Summary of Beowulf (Consult your book)
2.The Features of Medieval English Literature (Consult your book)
3.The Characteristics of English Romanticism (Consult your book)
4.The Lake Poets (Consult your book)a
5.Romanticism and Neoclassicism—a Contrast(Consult your book)
6.The English Renaissance(Consult your book)
7.The Characteristics of English Critical Realism(Consult your book)
8.Poetry Teaches Through Pleasure(Consult your book)
9.Oscar Wilde’s Literary Theory(Consult your book)
1. Calvinism
Calvinism is the doctrine of John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva. It’s a doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few) through a special infusion of grace from God.
2. Rhyme
Likeness of the terminal sounds of words, frequently used in versification either at the end of a line of verse or within the line. Rhyme appeared only occasionally in classical Greek and Latin poetry; it was used more extensively later in songs of the medieval Roman Catholic church. Rhyme was not established as a technique in English poetry until the 14th century. Since then not all style of poetry have employed rhyme, but it has never fallen entirely into disuse. Rhyme functions as an element of rhythm, emphasizing poetic beat. There are three types of true rhymes: masculine rhymes, in which the final syllable of the word or line is stressed; feminine rhymes, in which two consecutive syllables, the first of which is accented, are alike in sound; and triple rhymes, in which all three syllables of a word are identical. Words in which the vowel and the following consonants in a stressed syllable are identical in sound, even if spelled differently, are called perfect rhymes. In eye, or sight, rhyme the words look as if they rhyme, but do not: “move” “love”. Slant, or oblique, rhyme uses words with an imperfect match of sounds. Within this category, consonance relies on the similarity of consonant sounds：“shift”，“shaft”；assonance relies on the similarity of vowel sounds:
3. Legend
A song or narrative handed down from the past .Legends differ from myths on the basis of the elements of
historical truth they contain .One speaks, for example, of Arthurian legend because there is some historical evidence of Arthur’s existence. In speaking of the myth of Sysyphus, in contrast, one is aware that no such person actually existed General Introductio
Romanticism
The term ,Romanticism, is associated with imagination and boundlessness, as contrasted with classicism, which is commonly associated with reason and restriction. The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual.
Its origins may be traced to :
1、the economic rise of the middle class, struggling to free itself from feudal and monarchical restrictions;
2、the individualism of the Renaissance;
3、the Reformation, which was based on the belief in an immediate relationship between man and God;
4、the scientific deism, which emphasized the deity’s benevolence;
5、the psychology contended that minds are formed by environmental conditions, thus seeming to be indicate
that all men are created equal and may be improved by environmental changes;
6、the optimistic humanitarianism
7、the writings contended that man is natural good, institutions also having made him wicked.
Romantic Attitudes：1. Appeals to imagination;
2. Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality.
3. Subjectivity: in form and meaning.
1. Time Range
From the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil War.
The romantic period started with the publication of Washington Irving's THE SKETCH BOOK and ended with Whitman's LEAVES OF GRASS. it is also called "the American renaissance"
2. Ideals: Democracy and political equality became the ideals of the new nation.
3. Social Background Economic boom:
Industrialism
Immigration optimism and hope among people
Westward expansion
4. Features
American Romanticism was both imitative and independent.
Imitative English and European Romanticists
Independent Emerson and Whitman
1、Ichabod Crane is a fictional character in Washington Irving's short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, first
published in 1820.
2、The creation of archetypes is a particularly subtle feat of Irving’s consummate craftsmanship. We may see in
Ichabod Crane a precocious, effete New Englander, shrewed, commercial, a city-slicker. Who is rather an interloper,
a somewhat destructive force, and who comes along to swindle t he villages.
3、Thus the rivalry in love between Ichabod and Brom, viewed in this way ,suddenly assumes the dimensions of
two ethical groups locked in a kind of history contest. As to the style of the piece, it represents Irving at his best .
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a priggish schoolmaster from Connecticut, and eighteen-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, daughter of a wealthy farmer.
Jane Austen, English novelist, noted for her witty studies of early-19th-century English society.
With detailed descriptions, Austen portrayed the quiet, day-to-day life of members of the upper middle class. Her works combine romantic comedy with social satire and psychological insight.
She herself compared her work to a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square. The comparison is true. The ivory surface is small enough, but the woman who made drawings of human life on it is a real artist.
1811年出版的《理智与情感》Sense and Sensibility是她的处女作，随后又接连发表了《傲慢与偏见》Pride and Prejudice（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德花园》Mansfield Park（1814）和《爱玛》Emma（1815）。《诺桑觉寺》Northanger Abbey（又名《诺桑觉修道院》）和《劝导》Persuasion
Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity, and she has been regarded by many critics as one of the greatest of all novelists.
Robert Burns 罗伯特·彭斯(1759-1796) Poetry of Burns
The poems of Burns are written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.
Mainly, 3 kinds ：1) Political poems 2) Satirical poems 3) Lyrics
A Red, Red, Rose——songs of love and friendship
Comments on Burns & His Poems：1. Burns was one of the most famous poets of the peasants in the world.
2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with a new spirit of romanticism.
3. As a poet of the laboring people, he pours out the sentiment of the people.
4. In his poems, he sings of his hometown and his people, love and friendship, nature, dignity, revolution, sympathy for the miseries of the poor, the Negro slaves.
5.His vivid dialects advanced colloquial language expression of his new poems.
6.He created a kind of symphonic meter(交响乐格律) of all his own, and lots of his poems have been set to music.
Charles Dickens（1812-1870）
Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writer of the Victorian Age. Charles Dickens is a master story-teller.
With h is first sentence, he engages the reader’s attention and holds it to the end. He is also a humorist that he is sure to produce roaring laughter or under-standing smiles.
I．His Personal Life
Charles Dickens （1812-1870）was born at Portsmouth. His father，a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office，was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a shoe-blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We find the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickens's novels.
In 1827，Charles entered a lawyer's office，and two years later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life，which were later collected and published under the title Sketches by Boz （1836）. Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club （1836-1837）appeared in monthly installments.
And since then，his life became one of endless hard work. In his later years，he gave himself to public readings of his works，which brought plaudits and comfort but also exhausted him. In 1870，this man of great heart and vitality died of overwork，leaving his last novel unfinished.
Charles Dickens chalet
He wrote the final chapter of the unfinished novel the mystery of edwin drood in the chalet before he died
His Major Works
The following is a list of his novels and other collections in three periods：
（1）Period of youthful optimist
?Sketches by Boz 《新手之笔》（1836）；The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick
?Club 《皮克威克外传》（1836-1837）；Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》（1837-1838）；
Nicholas Nickleby 《尼古拉斯．尼克尔比》（1838-1839）；The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》（1840-1841）；（2）Period of excitement and irritation American Notes （1842）；
?Martin Chuzzlewit 《马丁.朱述尔维特》（1843-1845）；A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌（1843）；
Dombey and Son《董贝父子》（1846-1848）；David Copperfield 《大卫.科波菲尔》（1849-1850）
（3）Period of steadily intensifying pessimism
?Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》（1852-1853）；Hard Times 《艰难时世》（1854）；
?Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》（1855-1857）； A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》（1859）；
?Great Expectations 《远大前程》（1860-1861）；Our Mutual Friend 《我们共同的朋友》（1864-1865）；
V. the features of the Charles Dicken’s novels
a. Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the E nglish bourgeois society of his age.
b. Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual
c. Almost all his novels have happy endings.
d. His novels tell much of the experiences of his childhood.
e. Dickens is a great humorist.
Oliver Twist The novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author's intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order & of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens's first child hero & Fagin the first grotesque figure.
Literature of Colonial Period
殖民地时期的文学
●Early colonial American writing reveals the beginning of an exploration for a new identity. While
exploring the wilderness, the immigrants also developed an attitude being called the "frontier spirit"
characterized by individualism, self-reliance, independence and an optimistic faith in the future.
●Indian Culture The Indians created their own literature in their struggle with the nature. It was mainly
oral literature including folktales, songs, sacred stories, and narrative accounts of gods and heroes.
Their literature was collected and published in English and inspired the imagination of later writers.
英美文学史名词解释
英美文学史名词解释 TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-
英美文学史名词解释 1.English Critical Realism English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The realists first and foremost criticized the capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated (portrayed) the crying (extremely shocking) contradictions of bourgeois reality. The greatness of the English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their sympathy for the laboring people. Humor and satire are used to expose and criticize the seamy (dark) side of reality. The major contribution of the critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are the most important representative of English critical realism. 2.The "Stream of Consciousness" The "stream of consciousness" is a psychological term indicating "the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person's will." In late 19th century,
英美文学名词解释(1)
Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecti ng the values of the society from which it originated. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated高尚的. John Milton wrote three great epics:Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Sonnet(十四行诗 A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme Renaissance the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition过渡from the medieval to the modern world.the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Humanism人文主义 Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2>it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the impo rtance of the present life.Humanists voiced their belie fs that man was the center of the universe and man did not
英美文学名词解释总结.doc
英美文学名词解释总结 Romance:Anyimaginationliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandth atdealswithaheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvi llainsormonsters.传奇故事：指以理想化的世界为背景并且描写主人公的英雄冒险事迹和善与恶的斗争的想象文学作品。 Alliteration:Therepetitionoftheinitialconsonantsoundsinpoetry.头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。 Couplet:Itisapairofrhymingverselines,usuallyofthesamelength;oneoft hemostwidelyusedverse-sinEuropeanpoetry.Chaucerestablishedtheus eofcoupletsinEnglish,notablyintheCanterburyTales,usingrhymingiam bicpentameterslaterknownasheroiccoupletsBlankverse:Versewritteni nunrhymediambicpentameter.素体诗：用五音步抑扬格写的无韵诗。 Conceit:Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlin glydifferentthings.Aconceitmaybeabriefmetaphor,butitusuallyprovid estheframeworkforanentirepoem.Anespeciallyunusualandintellectual kindofconceitisthemetaphysicalconceit.新奇的比喻：将两种截然不同的食物进行对比的一种隐喻。 它虽被视为是一种隐喻，但是它往往构建了整首诗的框架，
英美文学名词解释
1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ， presented to usa comprehensive __picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。 A. visionary / women B. romantic /men C. realistic / characters D. natural / figures 2. Although ____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come. A. William Langland B. John Gower C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. Edmund Spenser 3. Humanism spume from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ，intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the ____ of all things . A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 4. The essence of humanism is to ______. A. restore a medieval reverence for the church B. avoid the circumstances of earthly life C. explore the next world in which men could live after death D. emphasize human qualities 5. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ . A. Christians / Jews B. Jews / Christians C. oppressors / oppressed D. people / Jews 6. In “ Sonnet 18 ”， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves . A. death/ life B. death/ love C. time / beauty D. hate / love 7.In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone. A. delightful B. satirical C. sentimental D. solemn 8. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____. A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology B. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisie C. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideology D. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic Church 9. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century . A. Renaissance B. Enlightenmrent C. Religious Reformation D. Chartist Movement 10.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people. A. romantic B. idealistic C. prophetic D. realistic 1. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests a character study with strong _________ elements .
英美文学名词解释(1)
1puritanism清教主义 The dogmas 教条preached by Puritans. They believed that all men were predestined命中注定and the individual ‘s free will played no part in his quest for salvation. This was a rejection of the dogmas preached by the Roman Catholic Church and its rites仪式. The Puritans also advocated a strict moral code which prohibited many earthly pleasures such as dancing and other merry-makings.清教徒提倡严格的道德准则禁止如跳舞和其他许多世俗的快乐的气质。They stressed the virtues of self-discipline,自律thrift节俭and hard work as evidence that one was among the “elect” to be chosen to go to Heaven after death 2Romanticism The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, 残忍的stupidity, superstition,迷信的and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asserted that reliance 依赖upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics 伦理and living. The Romantic movement typically asserts 声称，代言the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status 特权地位of imagination and fancy想象和幻想, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “convention”价值的理解“技巧”和“公约”，the human need for emotional outlets, the spiritual destruction 精神上的摧残of urban life.城市生活。Their writings are often set in rural, or Gothic settings and they show an obsessive 强迫性的concern with “innocent” characters—children, young
英美文学四大思潮名词解释(全英)
Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century.It was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution laid the background for Romanticism. The Enlightenment also had influence on Romanticism .It was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing".famous romanticism writers are such as william Wordsworth:lyrical ballods、william whitman ：leaves of grass Realism beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-19th- and early-20th-century .It was a reaction againest romanticism and paved the way to modernism.the realism is product of europe capitalist system?s establishment and development.the philosophy and science of europe in 19th century has promated its production authors trend to depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism" ,realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized
英美文学史名词解释
英美文学史名词解释 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
英美文学史名词解释 1.English Critical Realism English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The realists first and foremost criticized the capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated (portrayed) the crying (extremely shocking) contradictions of bourgeois reality. The greatness of the English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their sympathy for the laboring people. Humor and satire are used to expose and criticize the seamy (dark) side of reality. The major contribution of the critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are the most important representative of English critical realism. 2.The "Stream of Consciousness" The "stream of consciousness" is a psychological term indicating "the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person's will." In late 19th century, the literary device of "interior monologue" was originated in France as an application of modern psychological knowledge to literary creations. In the 20th century, under the influence of Freud 's theory of psychological analysis, a number of writers adopted the "stream of consciousness" method of novel writing. The striking feature
英美文学名词解释 2
01. Humanism(人文主义) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. Metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人） It is the name given to a diverse group of 17th century english poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery. The leading Metaphysical poets was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. 04. Classcism(古典主义) Classcism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes. 05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动) Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc. 06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)
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01. Humanism(人文主义) 1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) 1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. 2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation. 3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) 1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. 2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. 3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. 04. Classicism(古典主义) Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes. 05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动) 1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century. 2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century. 3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. 4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education. 5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc. 06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义) 1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.
英美文学术语解释
Postmodernism is the expression of thought and culture in art, literature, philosophy and politics in advanced capitalist period. “Post-” of “Postmodernism” is the inheritance and reaction to “modernism”. Postmodernism was originally used by artists and critics in New York in the 1960s and then employed by European theorists in the 1970s. Once this writing entered on the stage of history, it has brought us not only techniques such as parody, fragmentation, pastiche, collage, allegory, irony, playfulness, metafiction, but also intertextuality in history, philosophy, sociology, etc.. 英美文学名词解释(2013-06-29 16:58:29)转载▼ 标签：转载 原文地址：英美文学名词解释作者：kiwi 01. Humanism(人文主义) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. 2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation. 3> the real mainstream of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. 2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. 3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. 04. Classcism(古典主义) Classcism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the
英美文学赏析名词解释
1.A novel is a highly stylized prose account of fictional reality in the form of story with profundity for the purpose of changing the reader’s mind by the aid of the reader’s active involvement while providing entertainment and superior truth of life. 2.Character is an invented personality to resemble but never to equal a real person in life. Characters refer to people, animals, things, etc. in a literary work presented as people. 3.A plot is a particular arrangement of happenings in a novel that is aimed at revealing their causal relationships or at conveying the novelist’s ideas. 4.The theme of a novel is its controlling idea or its central insight about human beings and life. 5.Epistolary novel is a novel which consists of the letters the characters write to each other. 6.Roman a Clef is a novel with a key, and the key is usually a famous figure or, in some cases, the author. 7.Nonfictional novel is a novel that depicts real events with techniques of fiction. 8.Anagnorisis refers to the recognition by the tragic hero of some truth about his or her identity or actions that accompanies the reversal of the situation in the plot, the peripeteia. 9.Catharsis refers to the the purging of the emotions of pity and fear that are aroused in the viewer of a tragedy. 10.Hamartia refers to the "tragic flaw" of the hero such as "sin," "error," "trespass,“and "missing the mark". 11.A ballad refers to a short simple narrative poem often relating a dramatic event (folk and literary). 12.A narrative poem is one that mainly tells a relatively complete story. 13.A sonnet is a lyric invariably of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. 1）Petrarchan Sonnet: Italian sonnet; Named after Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), the Italian poet; Introduced into English poetry in the early 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt; Structure: an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba and a sestet of various rhyme patterns such as cdecde, cdcdcd or cde edc.; Octave: projecting and developing a subject in the octave; sestet: executing a turn 2）Shakespearean Sonnet: Elizabethan sonnet; English sonnet; Developed first by Henry Howard (1517-1547) ; Structure: 3 quatrains and a terminal couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg; 1st quatrain: introducing an idea; 2nd quatrain: complicating it; 3rd quatrain: complicating it still further; final epigrammatic couplet: resolving the whole thing 3）Spenserian Sonnet: a variant on the English Sonnet; Named after the 16th Century poet Edmund Spenser; Structure: 3 quatrains and a couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd ee. 14.Rhyme refers to the repetition of the stressed vowel sound and all succeeding sounds. 15.Rhythm is communicated by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables 16.Image refers to the element in a poem that sparks off the senses, the representation of sense experience through language