高中英语语法填空解题技巧

高中英语语法填空十三招：语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school，the(child)houses are all far from schoo1．

由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例2：A talk——(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——tn be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例3：The king decided to see the painter by——(he)．

由介词bv可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

例4：I am——(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．

此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、．ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式once／twiceo

例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)．．．

从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．

在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happinessJ~ ．成词根h印py；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀Hn．，就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．

从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例8：His bosswas____angry astofire him．

如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语SO?as to，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

例9：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．

审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例10：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。

技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例11：The us consists____fifty states．

根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由? ?组成”，所以答案是of。

例12：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for

leave to take_____of her．

生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合

起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。

例13：Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon____of taking a train．

此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

例14：Justthen，he saw a blackboard in_____ofhim．细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt 即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，

or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等。

例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．

此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。

例16：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．

横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。

技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查．1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。

例17：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

例18：Old Tom’s grand·daughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．

Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，hegotalowerpay______Zhang Wen．

第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。

例20：It was only one day left,_____，his father had no idea to answer him．

观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

例21：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。

高一英语语法填空专题练习

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高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案

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