搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 大学英语b级考试语法

大学英语b级考试语法

大学英语B级统考之语法概要

大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容,为方便考生对语法知识的复习,现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下:(一)名词

A. 知识要点

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。

1.不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要表示数量多少,需在其前面加量词来表达。如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议)

2.名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”,如:Mary’s room;如原词已有复数词尾-s,则只加“’”,如:the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词;名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成,通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom.

B.例题讲解

What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.

A. furniture

B. furnitures

C. pieces of furniture

D. pieces of furnitures 解析:此题考查名词的单复数。Furniture 为不可数名词,后面不能加s。很多家具用many pieces of furniture,因此答案为C。

(二)冠词

A. 知识要点

冠词是一种虚词,用在名词前面,说明名词是特指还是泛指。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念,用于单数可数名词前。a用在辅音开头的词前,an用在元音开头的词前。如:

an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年;

2. 定冠词:the表示“特指的一个或一些”。通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前,或世界上独一无二的事物前;也用于乐器名词前。如:

the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴;

3. 不使用冠词的情况:在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。在某些惯用词中也不用冠词,以具体名词表示抽象概念。如:

have lunch吃午饭/ play basketball打篮球/ go to school上学

B.例题讲解

1)______ girl dressed ______ black is her sister Rose. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 34)

A. A; in

B. A; on

C. The; on

D. The; in

解析:D。介词in可表示“穿(戴)”的意思。此外,特指“穿黑色衣服的女孩”,用定冠词the.

2)He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 36)

A. /; the

B. /; /

C. the; /

D. the; the

解析:C。演奏的乐器名词前+the。Music为不可数名词,其前不可用a/an,而题意“对音乐感兴趣”并没有特指哪种音乐,也不可用the.

3)He goes to ______ church every Sunday. ______ church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand.

A. a, the

B. /, The

C. The, the

D. /, a

解析:B。go to church“做礼拜”是惯用法,不用冠词。“他常去的教堂”表特指,前加the。(三)代词

代词用于指代。包括:人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。

1.many, few和a few一般只能修饰或指代可数名词,much, little和a little 一般只能修饰或指代不可数名词。a few 和a little表示“有一些”,具有肯定意义,而few和little表示“几乎没有”,具有否定意义。many和much表示“许多”。

2.表示“全部”:两者用both,三者以上用all;

表示“全无”:两者用neither,三者以上用none或no one;

表示“任一”:两者用either,三者以上用any。

3.other, others, the other, the others, another的区别

(1)other作形容词修饰名词,泛指“别的、其他的”。有时会放在some, any, every, no等词之后。e.g. We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.

(2)others是代词,泛指“其他人或物”。如:I'm glad to help others.

(3)the other特指范围内的另一个(范围内一共两个)。

e.g. I have two friends. One is from Australia, the other is from Japan.

(4)the others特指范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个)。

e.g. There are forty students in our class. Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others are girls.(5)another指同类中(三个或三个以上)的“另一个”,是指不确定的另一个。

e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee?

B.例题讲解

1)The baby is hungry, but there’s ______ milk in the bottle. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 28)

A. little

B. a little

C. few

D. a few

解析:A。milk是不可数名词,所以只能用little/a little修饰,而根据题意“宝宝饿了,但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了”,只能选little。

2)She has two best friends. ______ of them is in the country. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 44)

A. All

B. Both

C. No one

D. Neither

解析:D。代词all表“所有”和both表“两者都”,其后的谓语动词需要用复数。neither 表“两者都不”,其后的谓语动词用单数。

3)—It’s time to tidy your room, Harry! (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 33)

—See the tidy room, Mum! _______ is where it should be. Test 5

A. Something

B. Anything

C. Everything

D. Nothing

解析:C。根据说话人所说内容可以知道,房间里一切都很整洁,含有整体性,应用everything。Anything主要用于疑问句和否定句中。

4)The red flower goes from one to _______ in the class. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 27)

A. the other

B. others

C. another

D. other

解析:C。按照句意传花不是两者之间(from one to the other),而是三者以上(from one to another),故选C。

(四)数词

A. 知识要点

数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词。

1.基数次表示数量(one, two, three…),序数次表示次序(first, second, third…)。

2.数词hundred, thousand, million不用复数;其“复数+of”可表示数百、数千、数百万,如:three thousand 三千/ thousand s of trees(数千棵树)

3.在表达年龄时,注意以下表达法:

He is six years old.(其中year须用其复数)

He is a six-year-old boy.(其中year不用复数)“他6岁了。”

B.例题讲解

1)They have learned about ______ in recent years. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 37)

A. several hundreds English words

B. hundreds of English words

C. hundred of English words

D. several hundred English word

解析:B。hundreds of 之类的短语之前也可加many,several之类的词修饰。A项的错误在于hundreds后缺少of。

2)Nancy is ______ girl. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 29)

A. a eighteen-year-old

B. an eighteen-years-old

C. a eighteen-years-old

D. an eighteen-year-old

解析:D。eighteen-year-old是一个由连字符连接的复合形容词(其中year不用复数),作girl 的定语。同时,由于eighteen是元音开头的词,前面的不定冠词用an。

(五)形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级

A. 知识要点

1.比较级和最高级的构成形式

(1)绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。如:nice – nicer – nicest

(2)大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词,前面加more构成比较级,加the most 构成最高级。如:careful-more careful-most careful

2.形容词和副词的应用

(1)同等程度比较:

as + 原级+ as e.g. Tom is as bright as Mark.汤姆和亨利一样聪明。

(2)不同程度的比较:

比较级+ than e.g. Tom is taller than Mark.汤姆比亨利高。

not as/so + 原级+ as e.g. Tom is not as/so bright as Mark.汤姆不如亨利聪明。(3)对比与比较:

the +比较级, the +比较级e.g. The older I get, the happier I am.我越变老,越觉得幸福。

比较级+ and +比较级 e.g. Jane became more and more beautiful.珍妮越来越漂亮了。(4)当几个形容词修饰一个名词时,其排列顺序是:

好坏、美丑+ 大小、新旧、颜色+ 质地、属性+ 名词

e.g. a beautiful big blue wooden house

(5)当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body结尾的不定代词时,作定语的形容词要后置。

e.g. I read something interesting. 我读了一些有趣的东西。

例题讲解

1)Your box is mine.

A. four times as big as

B. four times as bigger as

C. as four times big

D. as big as four times

解析:A。在a s…as句型中,如有表示程度的状语(如twice, three times),则置于第一个as之前,表示前者是后者的几倍。

2)Today’s weather is ______ worse than yesterday’s. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 40)

A. very

B. much

C. very much

D. much too

解析:B。very用来修饰形容词的原级形式;much修饰比较级;very much一般用来修饰动词;much too常用来修饰形容词的原级形式。

3)—Did the medicine make you feel better? (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 43)—No. The more _______, _______ I feel.

相关主题