英语毕业论文文献综述

Black Women's Quest for Identity in the Color Purple

The Color Purple is a quite famous fiction. Since the 1970s, African-American lit erature has taken on a new look, and a group of African-American women writers hav e claimed nationwide reputation. Alice walker is one of the most influential African-A merican women writers. Alice Walker is a contemporary outstanding Afro-American woman writer and also a steadfast womanism, whose great contribution to black and e ven American literature is that she successfully portrays a series of new images of bla ck womanhood. She focuses on the black women?s quest for identity. Her novel, The Color Purple attracted a lot of attention from American literary critical world, which d escribes the oppressed black women?s tortuous life. She won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize a nd the American Book Award due to The Color Purple, and also this novel was nomin ated for the 1982 National Book Critics Circle Award.

In 1986, the novel was adapted for the screen by the director Steven Spielberg and ign ited some controversy. As a masterpiece, this novel occupies a significant place in the the histories of both Black literature and American literature. Alice Walker?s writings abounds with originality and profundity, which are different from those of the traditio nal black male wirers and the white female writers. The black male writers mainly pay attention to the racial oppression and discrimination that black Americans have suffer ed in White America; the white women writers only expose the humiliating and suffoc ating sexual discrimination. However, Alice Walker portrays the miserable life of blac k women under double oppressions of racialism and sexism, which results in black wo men losing their due rights. The Color Purple portrays a new prospect, it describes tha t the black women fought, struggled and survived who used to be raped, beaten, and s eparated.

So far there have been a large number of people doing researches on The Color P urple. Because this novel can provide them with

a lot of information. However, many people see it from a different angle. Scholars hav e done researches on several aspects. The majority of scholars would like to focus on t he rights for which black women struggle, and pay attentions to the process for which they quest identity. Alice walker portrays the catastrophic life the black women in thei r livelihood. Her main concerns are black women issues. In her The Color Purple, the dominant theme is the heroine Celie?s quest for freedom, wholeness and self-identity. At first, Celie?s a submissive girl and succumbs to the destiny and being arrangement. She is raped by her step father and gives birth to two children. Later she is forced to m

arry a widower who has four children. However, she never react against. Celie is so ki nd that she helps her younger sister Nettie run away from home after finding her step f ather and husband have evil intentions. What?s more, she takes good care of her husba nd?s lover. When she becomes a skilled artisans tailor and leads a independent live, sh e forgives Mr. And they become good friends. Later in her life, she was enlightened b y Shug, she finds Mr has hidden her sisters letters for years. She finally leaves Mr. Sh e gains Mr?s apology and a new life. With the change of the society, black people cha nge their old minds to liberate and struggle for their identity.

What?s more, some scholars even stand a higher place to see the novel. They not only have considered the change of the society, but also do further researches from the poin t of black women?s rights. The point is very advancing and typical. Scholars believe th at Celie was the typical model of black woman fighting for rights. In the thesis named The Color Purple: Black Women?s Quest for Identity written by Zhang Yuhong(2007) holds the ground that: Black women suffer from both racism and sexism. And Celie who successfully declares female identity and actually attains a real spiritual rebirth ju st as she describes herself when she is at an old age, “But I don?t think us feel old at al l.

And us so happy. Matter of fact, I think this the youngest us ever felt” (CP: 261). She wins peace, calmness and happiness of mind. She saves her own spirit as a black wom an, which will last forever. Celie?s final success seems to be unrealistic in today?s Am erican society, but it expresses the writer?s good ideal of black woman?s liberation. Ev en black women cannot completely be equal with white people, but the effort they ma ke will last forever, and the spirit they hold in minds will last forever. They win the pe ace, calmness and happiness of mind. Celie?s changes can represent most black wome n?s aspirations, which should be respect.

In the Analysis of The Color Purple as an Initiation Story, Feng Lijun(2011) holds that the ignorant black woman like Celie who had been poisoned by the patriarchal thoug ht and completely internalized the patriarchal thoughts into the code of conduct wants to be truly liberated. It is really difficult to achieve just by her own power. She must a ppeal to outside force. However, in the patriarchal society at that time, it is extremely difficult to acquire liberation depending on the strength of men. Two men in the novel influence Celie the most are Celie?s step father and Mr-. They take Celie as no people, let alone to help Celie fight against the male chauvinism. The male chauvinis

m and the thoughts of accepting fate are two main obstructions of Celie questing for h er identity. Under such circumstance, if Celie wants to liberate thoroughly from the op pression, she has to turn to the female. So Shug plays an important role for Celie in th

e process o

f seekin

g identity. Wit

h the help of Shug, Celie begins her transformation o

f life. It is love that rouse Celie?s awareness of defence. The characteristic in The Colo r Purple embodies the characteristics of black women. Black women go through the d ouble oppressions of racial and gender discrimination. They must put more effort and devote themselves to long-term hard work to quest for identity.

In the writing Black women? s breaking away from double--pressure to rebirth in the color purple, the writer Chen Hongli(2006) describes that the oppressions that bla ck women suffer from not only come from the black man,

but also from the white people who have racial discrimination; not only come fro m family, but also from the society. I can?t agree more. Just like Sophia, although she breaks through the black family?s patriarchal despotism and gains a part of the rights o f the black women?s, she doesn?t escape from the oppression of the white people and t he society. She is sentenced to prison in consequence of replying defiantly to the may oress and raising a hand to her. We can see that the black women not only suffer the p hysical torture, also the spirit destroy. Black women are in the slave position of double oppressions, which indicate the difficulties they encounter are multiple when they fig ht against the prejudice which formed over a long period of time. That is to say, they h ave to get rid of the traditional patriarchal despotism and the discrimination of the soci ety. Only if they can make it, their identity can be approved. And The Color Purple vi gorously promotes the tenacious fighting spirit in the process of striving for independe nce. What we see in The Color Purple is how the black women face the reality to rous e the awakening of female consciousness, not merely the suffering and the oppression they experienced.Similar to Chen?s(2006) demonstration of the miserable life the blac k women have, Li Bing(2010) discusses the black women sufferings in another way in her writing: The Hard Journey of the Black Women: Body Narrative---in Alice Walke rs The Color Purple. In The Color Purple, closing is associated with Celie?s life. From simply covering the body from the cold, to make up the appearance to keep confident , to design her own clothing, clothing just like Celie?s another skin in a sense. It closel y related to her life, which shows the awakening of Celie?s subjective consciousness. I n fact, there are many narratives of body, which not only show that the discrimination s of racial and gender bring black women both physical and mental torment, also they

become a tool to fight against the power and write black women?s identity. Walker affi rmed the meaning of the identity of black women through portraying women?s body. She also helps the black women find their self-identity. She fights back the patriarchal society, and encourages the black women to fight for building their own lives. Focus on the narratives of black women?s body, we can clear the road to soul redemption of black women, we can understand the misery they go through. In a word, The Color Pu rple encourages the black women to liberate themselves, and paves the road to self-ide ntity.

Nearly all crirics who have ever written something about Celie?s famous work --- The Color Purple, get the conclusion that The Color Purple embodies the womanist theory. For example, in Chen Zhouxin?s(2011) thesis:

An Analysis of The Color Purple from the Perspective of Womanism, he thinks t hat the four particular characteristics of walker?s womanism of The Color Purple is a s ubject worth of further study and development. Walker aims to grasp womanism?s spir it and power of thought as well as its social and historical significance. Walker points out that womanism is an unique ideological system which is used to resist racial oppre ssion and sexual discrimination for the black women and the women of colored race. I n 1960s and 1970s, with the development of movement for women?s rights, various fe minist schools emerged at one time. However, most of them only reflect the white wo men?s objection to the sexual discrimination in developed countries and ignore the wis hes and feelings of women in the Third World, especially the minority women. Just as the black women suffering so much from the double oppressions of racial and gender discrimination, can the black women like Celie want to liberate from oppressions, an d focus on the feminism.

Bell Hooks once said:” Black men may be victimized by racism, but sexism allo ws

them to act as exploiters and oppressors of women; white women may be victimized b y sexism, but racism enables them to act as exploiters and oppressors of black people. Black women have no institutionalized …other? to discriminate against, exploit, or oppr ess.” Black women were treated as nonpeople, the tool of abreacting, the slaves of the white people. Don?t believe the fate, because we can make our own fate; Respect ours elves, then we will gain others? respect. The significance of womanist is to protect the black women?s human rights and emphasize the importance of getting rid of discrimin

ation.

As time goes by, the present author firmly believes that there will be numerous peop le do researches on The Color Purple. A large portion of them will still concentrate on the racial and gender discrimination. Others will focus on the womanism this novel co nveys. It is firmly believe that people have made a progress in the studying of black w omen questing for identity, but there still much to be improved. As the paper mentione d above, there are many aspects people can use to analysis The Color Purple: the wom anism, the changes of Celie?s attitude, the quest for identity, the double discrimination , the double liberation. What?s more, the miserable life Celie experienced can also be associated with black women's quest for identity. Apart from that, some authors take t he ground that, the Numbness and confused attitude also can pave the way to the ques t for identity. The weakness of the other people in analysis black women quest for ide ntity is that they just only focus on one or several aspects. The best way to portray the quest for identity is to combine all of these aspects, and then the way of description wi ll be irreproachable.

毕业论文中参考文献的格式规范

毕业论文中参考文献的格式规范 一 .参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识： 参考文献类型文献类型标示 专著Ｍ 论文集Ｃ 报纸文章Ｎ 期刊文章Ｊ 学位论文Ｄ 汇报Ｒ 规范Ｓ 专利Ｐ 电子参考文献类型标识 数据库ＤＢ 计算机程序ＣＰ 电子公告ＥＢ 二.① 主要责任者(专著作者、论文集主编、学位申报人、专利申请人、汇报撰写人、期刊文章作者、析出文章作者)。多个责任者之间以“，”分隔，注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点“.”（英文作者请将作者名写全）。主要责任者只列姓名，其后不加“著”、“ 编”、“主编”、“合编”等责任说明。②. 文献习题名及版本1 / 3

(初版省略)。③ 文献类型 及载体类型标识。④ 出版项(出版地、出版者、出版年)。⑤ 文 献出处或电子文献的可 获得地址。⑥ 文献起止页码。⑦ 文献规范编号(规范号、专利号……)。 三.电子文献的载体类型及其标识 对于非纸张型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考 文献类型标识中同时标 明其载体类型。本标准建议采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型：磁带(magnetic tape)— —ＭＴ，磁盘(disk)——ＤＫ，光盘(ＣＤ-ＲＯＭ)——ＣＤ， 联机网络(online)——ＯＬ，并以下列 格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识： ［文献类型标识/载体类型标识］ 如：［ＤＢ/ＯＬ］——联机网上数据库(database online) ［ＤＢ/ＭＴ］——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) ［Ｍ/ＣＤ］——光盘图书(monograph on ＣＤ-ＲＯＭ) ［ＣＰ/ＤＫ］——磁盘软件(computer program on disk) ［Ｊ/ＯＬ］——网上期刊(serial online) ［ＥＢ/ＯＬ］——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 2 / 3

英文文献综述样本 威尼斯商人

毕业论文 （或毕业设计） 文献综述 文献综述题目 （中文小二号黑体居中或英文Times New Roman小二号加粗居中或日文明朝体小二号加粗） 学生姓名指导教师 二级学院专业名称 班级学号 年月日

（标题Times New Roman三号加粗） The Literature Review of The Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice （正文用Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，各段首行空4个字符，书名用斜体加粗） Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy (more specifically, as a "Christian comedy") and as one of the Bard's problem plays; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor's choice among three chests and thereby winning his (or her) mate. Shakespeare's treatment of the first standard plot scheme centers around the villain of Merchant, the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeare's version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the play's Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock's horrid legal suit. Antonio, as the title character, is sad from the beginning to the end of the play but never names the cause of his melancholy even when his friends ask him. Antonio plays the role as an outcast in the play. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s sadness simply as the device to set the tragic tone in the comedy or make Antonio be one of his melancholic characters in his works? Or Antonio is the representative of the complicated human nature? Antonio's unexplained melancholy is a significant element in understanding the play. 1. Studies on The Merchant of V enice（Times New Roman + 四号+首缩进4字符，下同） Karl Marx once cited that Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world.

本科毕业设计文献综述范例(1)

###大学 本科毕业设计（论文）文献综述 课题名称： 学院（系）： 年级专业： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 完成日期：

燕山大学本科生毕业设计（论文） 一、课题国内外现状 中厚板轧机是用于轧制中厚度钢板的轧钢设备。在国民经济的各个部门中广泛的采用中板。它主要用于制造交通运输工具（如汽车、拖拉机、传播、铁路车辆及航空机械等）、钢机构件（如各种贮存容器、锅炉、桥梁及其他工业结构件）、焊管及一般机械制品等［1~3］。 1 世界中厚板轧机的发展概况 19世纪五十年代，美国用采用二辊可逆式轧机生产中板。轧机前后设置传动滚道，用机械化操作实现来回轧制，而且辊身长度已增加到2m以上，轧机是靠蒸汽机传动的。1864年美国创建了世界上第一套三辊劳特式中板轧机，当时盛行一时，推广于世界。1918年卢肯斯钢铁公司科茨维尔厂为了满足军舰用板的需求，建成了一套5230mm四辊式轧机，这是世界上第一套5m以上的轧机。1907年美国钢铁公司南厂为了轧边，首次创建了万能式厚板轧机，于1931年又建成了世界上第一套连续式中厚板轧机。欧洲国家中厚板生产也是较早的。1910年，捷克斯洛伐克投产了一套4500mm二辊式厚板轧机。1940年，德国建成了一套5000mm四辊式厚板轧机。1937年，英国投产了一套3810mm中厚板轧机。1939年，法国建成了一套4700mm 四辊式厚板轧机。这些轧机都是用于生产机器和兵器用的钢板，多数是为了二次世界大战备战的需要。1941年日本投产了一套5280mm四辊式厚板轧机，主要用于满足海军用板的需要。20世纪50年代，掌握了中厚板生产的计算机控制。20世纪80年代，由于中厚板的使用部门萧条，许多主要产钢国家的中厚板产量都有所下降，西欧国家、日本和美国关闭了一批中厚板轧机（宽度一般在3、4米以下）。国外除了大的厚板轧机以外，其他大型的轧机已很少再建。1984年底，法国东北方钢铁联营敦刻尔克厂在4300mm轧机后面增加一架5000mm宽厚板轧机，增加了产量，且扩大了品种。1984年底，苏联伊尔诺斯克厂新建了一套5000mm宽厚板轧机，年产量达100万t。1985年初，德国迪林冶金公司迪林根厂将4320mm轧机换成4800mm 轧机，并在前面增加一架特宽得5500mm轧机。1985年12月日本钢管公司福山厂新型制造了一套4700mmHCW型轧机，替换下原有得轧机，更有效地控制板形，以提高钢板的质量。 - 2 -

java毕业论文外文文献翻译

Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.

英语专业毕业论文参考文献汇总

【英语专业】毕业论文参考文献汇总 【文学类】 柳鸣九编选新小说派研究北京中国社会科学出版社，1986 徐葆耕西方文学心灵历史北京清华大学出版社，1990 殷企平小说艺术管窥天津：百花文艺出版社，1995 戴维洛奇小说的艺术北京：作家出版社，1998 高奋西方现代主义文学源与流宁波：宁波出版社，2000 侯维瑞现代英国小说史上海：上海外语教育出版社，1986 胡经之，王岳川主编文艺学美学法论北京：北京出版社，1994 黄晋凯主编荒诞派戏剧北京：中国人民大学出版社，1996 霍夫曼佛洛伊德主义与文学思想王宁译北京：三联书店，1987 拉曼塞尔顿编文学批评理论刘象愚，陈永国等译北京：北京大学出版社，2000 霍纳韦勒克近代文学批评史（第4卷）上海：上海译文出版社，1997 李维屏英美现代主义文学概观上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998 吕同六主编20世纪世界小说理论经典北京：华夏出版社，1995 罗伯特斯皮勒美国文学的周期——历史评论专集王长荣译上海：上海外语出版社，1990 罗德霍顿美国文学思想背景房炜等译北京人民出版社，1991 梅佛里德曼意识流，文学手法研究上海：华东师范大学出版社，1992 米兰昆德拉小说的艺术孟湄译北京：三联书店，1995 史志康主编美国文学背景概观上海：上海：上海外语出版社，1998 【语言学】 奥马利第二语言习得的学习策略上海：上海外语出版社，2001 陈保亚20 世纪中国语言学方法论济南：山东教育出版社，1999

丁言仁英语语言学纲要上海：上海外语出版社，2001 费尔迪南德索绪尔普通语言学教程长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001 冯翠华英语修辞大全北京：商务印书馆，1996 桂诗春，宁春言主编语言学方法论北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998 桂诗春应用语言学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998 何兆熊新编语用学概要上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000 何自然语用学与英语学习上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997 侯维瑞英语语体上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988 胡壮麟语言学教程（修订版）北京：北京大学出版社，2001 黄国文语篇与语言的功能北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002 黄国文语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988 李延富主编英语语言学基本读本济南：山东大学出版社，1999 李运兴语篇翻译引论北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000 刘润清西方语言学流派北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999 刘润清等现代语言学名著选读（上下册）北京：测绘出版社，1988 刘润清等语言学入门北京：人民教育出版社，1990 陆国强现代英语词汇学（新版）上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999 戚雨村现代语言学的特点和发展趋势上海外语教育出版社，1997 秦秀白文体学概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1990 孙志外国语言研究论文索引（1995—1999）上海外语教育出版社，2001 索绪尔普通语言教程北京：商务印书馆，1999

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英语论文文献综述精编版

英语论文文献综述精编 版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】

How to Write a Literature Review ? I. The definition of Literature Review 文献综述（Literautre Review）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种 文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工 作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文 献综述，科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信 息，了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。 II. The purposes of literature review And Its Components A. The Purposes On the one hand, it helps you broaden the view and perspective of the topic for your graduation thesis. On the other hand, it helps you narrow down the topic and arrive at a focused research question. B. Its Components There are six parts in a complete Literature Review. 标题与作者(title and author) 摘要与关键词(abstract and key words) 引言(introduction) 述评(review) 结论(conclusion) 参考文献(references) III. Classification of Source Materials How can we locate the materials relevant to our topics better and faster? Basically, all these source materials may be classified into four majors of sources. A: Background sources: Basic information which can usually be found in dictionaries and encyclopedia complied by major scholars or founders of the field. Three very good and commonly recommenced encyclopedias are encyclopedias ABC, namely, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Collier’s Encyclopedia. There are also reference works more specialized, such as The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics for linguistics and TEFL studies. Moreover, you may also find Encyclopedia on the web. B: Primary sources Those providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field, biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few