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初三英语 第二单元语法

初三英语 第二单元语法
初三英语 第二单元语法

初三英语上册第二单元语法

一、单元语法:情态动词used to的具体用法

1、used to“过去常常,过去习惯”,表示过去的某种习惯,但现在已不做了,后接动词原形,

只用于过去时;

e.g.I used to read this kind of story-book.

我过去常读这种故事书。( 现在已不再读这种故事书了) He used to be there.他过去常常在那里。(现在已不了)

①把“use to” 看作实义动词,用“did” 进行句型转换。

②按照“use to” 是情态动词,用“use” 进行句型转换。

2、used to的句式:

①否定句:

A:在used之前+ didn't,但used应改为原形use,即didn't use to,

e.g.I didn't use to read this kind of story-book.我过去不常读这种故事书。

B:在used to之间+ not,即used not to,可缩写为usedn't to;

e.g.He usedn't to be there.他过去不常在那里。

②一般疑问句及其肯否定回答;

A:在句首+ Did,used to改为原形use to以及人称变化.肯否定回答用did回答;

e.g.Did you use to read this kind of story-book? Yes,I did.No,I didn't.

你过去常读这种故事书吗? 是的,我过去常常看。不,我过去不常看。

B:将used提于句首,人称变化,肯定回答为:Yes,主语+ used to.

否定回答为:No,主语+ usedn't to.

e.g.Used he to be there? Yes,he used to.No,he usedn't to.

他过去常常在那里吗? 是的,他是。不,他没有。

③特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句,且多用did改;

e.g.I used to read this kind of story-book.→ What did you use to read? 你过去常常读什么?

He used to be there.→ Where did he use to be? 他过去常在哪里?

④反意疑问句及其肯否定回答;

A:肯定陈述部分+ 由didn't/usedn't构成的简短附加疑问句?

e.g.You used to read this kind of story-book,didn't you?

你过去常读这种故事书,不是吗?

Yes,I did.No,I didn't.

是的,我过去常常看。不,我过去不常看。

You used to read this kind of story-book,usedn't you?

Yes,I used to.No,I usedn't to.

B:否定陈述部分+ 由did/used构成的简短附加疑问句?

e.g. He didn't use to be there,did he?

他过去不常在那里,对吧?

Yes,he did.No,he didn't.

不,他过去常在那里。是,他不常在那里。

He usedn't to be there,used he?

Yes,he used to.No,he usedn't to.

注:若陈述部分用didn't 否定,附加疑问句则用did 改,且答语用did 进行肯否定回答;若陈述部分用usedn't

3、注意点:

①含情态动词used to的句子可加上频度副词;

e.g.He always used to come here by train.他过去总是坐火车来这里。

Sometimes we used to travel around the country.过去我们有时去全国各地旅行。

②情态动词used to可以用于there be结构中,即There used to be表示“过去有”;

e.g.There used to be a building in front of our school.过去我们学校的前面有一座楼。

③be/get/become used to ( doing ) sth意为习惯(做) 某事,可用于各种时态,不能与

used to do sth混淆;

e.g.He is/gets/becomes used to getting up.early.他习惯于早起。

You will be/get/becomes used to the weather here.你会习惯这里的天气的。

二、单元重难点

1、no longer/not … any longer 和no more/not … any more 等表示“不再”的具体用法

和区别。

①no longer = no t…any longer不再,用于指状态或动作不再延续,常与延续性动词连用。

no longer一般置于be动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实义动词之前,not…any longer 中not用于构成否定句,any longer位于句末。

e.g.You are no longer a little boy.= You aren't a little boy any longer.

你不再是一个小男孩了。

He no longer worked in France.= He didn't work in France any longer.

他不再在法国工作了。

②no more = not…any more不再,用于指动作不再反复发生,常与非延续性动词连用。

no more一般置于be动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实义动词之前,not…any more 中not用于构成否定句,any more位于句末。

e.g.You can't see him any more.= You can no more see him.你不能再见他了。

He won't buy the things any more.= He will no more buy the things.

他再也不会买那些东西了。

2、有关“睡觉” 短语的辨析。

①go to bed上床睡觉(意指上床的动作,不表示睡觉)

②be in bed卧床(意指躺在床上,不表示睡觉)

③go to sleep = get to sleep = fall asleep入睡(意指进入睡眠的过程)

④be asleep熟睡,睡着(意指睡眠的状态)

3、end作为动词,意为“结束”,作为名词,意为“末端,终点,结尾”,常构成以下短语:

①in the end = at last最后,终于;

e.g.They won the game in the end.最后他们赢得了比赛的胜利。

②at the end of在…结尾,最后(指时间);在…尽头,末端(指地点);

e.g.They made an important decision at the end of the meeting.

在会议的最后他们做出了一个重要的决定:

There is a library at the end of the street.在这条街道的尽头有一个图书馆。

③by the end of到…末为止(指时间);常用于过去完成时。

e.g.We had learned about five hundred Engish words by the end of last term.

到上学期为止,我们已经学了大约500 个英语单词。

4、反身代词:指“某人自己”。

(1)、反身代词的形式:

(2)、反身代词的用法:

①一般情况下,当句子的主语和宾语为同一个人时,常用其反身代词作宾语;

e.g.Tom taught himself English.汤姆自学英语。

She often looks at herself in the mirror.她经常照镜子。

②担任同位语以加强语气,位置较灵活,常位于主语之后或句末;

e.g.They themselves told me the news 他们亲自告诉了我这个消息。

You'd better ask him yourself.你最好自己去问他。

③与by连用,即by oneself,表示方式,“自己做地,独立完成地”,一般位于句末;

e.g.I can clean the room by myself.我能自己打扫房间。

They made the cakes by themselves.他们是自己做蛋糕的。

三、重要句型及短语

1.wait a minute 等一下,等等

2.on the swim team 参加游泳队

3.fly in an airplane 乘坐飞机

4.as sb say 正如某人说的那样

5.chew gum 嚼口香糖

6.chat with sb 和某人聊天

7.these days 如今,现在

8.daily life 日常生活

9.change a lot 变化很大

10.can't afford to pay for 支付不起

11.give up doing sth 放弃做某事

12.in the end = at last 最后,终于

13.It seems that + 从句似乎/似乎…

14.even though/if 即使,尽管

15.pay attention to 对…注意,留心

16.get into trouble 招致不幸,落入困境

17.be alone 单独一个人

18.used to be/d o…过去常常…,以前常常…

19.be more interested in…对…更感兴趣

20.be terrified of 非常害怕,极度恐惧,惧怕

21.make a decision 做出一个决定

22.take sb to concerts 带某人去音乐会

23.the old days 那些过去的日子

24.stressed out 紧张的,压力大的

25.a boy's boarding school 男生寄宿学校

26.feel good about oneself 感到自信

27.to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是

28.take pride in = be proud of 为…感到自豪/骄傲

29.go/get to sleep = fall asleep 入睡

30.no longer = not…any longer 不再

31.as…as possible = as…as sb can 尽可能…

32.cause trouble/problems 惹麻烦

33.in/during the past/last + 时间段在过去/最近的多少时间里34.worry about = be worried about 担心

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(完整版)人教版初中英语语法完整总结

1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+(sb. )+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表:1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道,伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?(直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西)24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg :I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初;??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后;尽头;末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

九年级英语上册重点语法归纳总结

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初中英语语法练习题

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人教版英语九年级语法知识点

1. by + doing 通过……方式如:by studying with a group by 还可以表示:"在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如:I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子: ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如:Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如:Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如:I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如: I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如: I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事如: The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如: The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either 也(用于否定句)常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

初三英语语法知识点归纳

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人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato) 加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格,表物是“谁的”, 若为生命词,加“’s”即可行, 词尾有s,仅把逗号择; 并列名词后,各自和共有, 前者分别加,后者最后加; 若为无生命词,of所有格, 前后须倒置,此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。 四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise 两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse 设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide 不要假装在选择:petend,choose 五、接动名词作宾语的动词

初中生重点英语语法归纳总结

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