英语中高级语法大全
中高级语法大全
倒装一：顺序不正常1，谓语动词（联系动词）be出现在主语之前；助动词出现在动词前面，且有疑问2 没有疑问，也不涉及到助动词
1，How old are you?
------ I am 15
How can I help you? 要我帮忙吗？
---Y es, please show me the sugar cubes in that blue box 请把蓝色盒子里的方糖拿给我看看
What do you want from me? 你想要什么?
----I want you to divorce and marry me 我想要你离婚和我过
2，给你Here you are
我们到了here we are
→代词，则地点方位放置于居首，主谓不需要颠倒
Here comes the bus 车来了
There goes the bell 铃响了
进来了一个女人in came a woman
鸟儿飞走了away flew the birds
-→名词，则倒着读便是正常顺序
粗略的there do ，真是的倒装（一般现在时和过去时居多）
路边上矗立着一栋大楼there stands a tall building at the road side.
门口曾经停放着一辆车there parked a car in front of the house
以前这里有一棵树there stood a tree here
群山中间一条小河缓缓流过
There flows slowly/lies/runs/roars a small river between the mountains.
3, 这个孩子跑得真快啊
恩，我孩子跑的也很快
How fast the boy runs!
So does my boy
这个模特非常非常漂亮，一顾倾城，二顾倾国
This super-model is awesomely gorgeous. She is Helen of today. One glance, the city crushes; another glance, the country surrenders
哦，我们历史上的昭君也如此，她答应嫁给敌国君主了，战争的威胁就消退了
Well, so is Zhaojun, a beauty in our history. Once she agreed to marry the enemy king, the threat of war disappeared/faded.
倒装二，某些固定表述结构中，需要进行倒装“一，1”
1，否定副词/否定副词词组放置居首(never, seldom, rarely, scarcely)
Never once in my life have I seen such a weird person. How can she go to the students’ canteen in pajama?
我这一辈子从来没有见到过这么怪异的人，她怎么能够传着睡衣去学生食堂
2，not only---- but also结构中，not only 引导的句子要倒装（变成一般疑问句的形式）。
我不仅看到了他的人，我还和他交流了一些想法(share ideas with sb)
Not only did I see him, but (also) I exchanged some ideas with him.
我不仅错失了爱情，也毁了事业。（gold-digger）
Not only did I let slip my love, but also I ruined my career.
你会发现停车不仅艰难而且昂贵
Y ou will find parking your car not only difficult but also expensive
（It is difficult to learn English）
Y ou will find it (is) not only hard but also expensive to park your car.
3，only 引导的成分作状语，放在居首，要到装
直到他回来后，我才知道他的遭遇
Only after she had returned did I know what had happened to her.
仅仅在大学毕业之后我才知道我什么都没有学到
Only after I had graduated from college did I know that I had not learned anything useful
Only in this way, only by this means 只有通过这样的方式
对于一个年轻人，需要省吃俭用和辛苦工作，只有这样才能够以较快的速度积累财富
A young man needs to save up and work hard. Only by this means can he gather a big fortune in a quicker way. 4, 形容词/副词放置居首的so that 结构需要倒装
他跑的这么快，以至于马都赶不上他
So fast does he run that even a horse can’t catch up with him.
我发现生活在一个以英语为母语的国家是如此的艰难，于是我决定学英语,不管这个有多么费时费力
I find it so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I decided to learn English no matter how pains-taking and time-consuming it is.
So difficult did I feel/find it to live in an English-speaking country that I decided to learn English no matter how pains-taking and time-consuming it is.
名词性从句：句子做成分----主语，宾语
疑问词w, h （when, why, where, who, how, whether, what）引导的句子顺序正常可以做成分（取消任何倒装结构）
that +陈述句也有同样的功效
1，宾语（that可以省略）
I want you to explain what has happened to my computer 我要你解释一下我的电脑怎么了
My principle make me who I am 我之所以是我，那是因为我有我的原则
He is not willing to tell me what the agreement is between them 他就是不愿意告诉我他们之间有什么协议
我听说你已经安全到达了美国，真为你感到高兴；同时祝愿你学有所成，荣归祖国。
I heard that you are already in the States, safe and sound. I am happy for that. At the same time, I hope you can really achieve academic heights and return with glory
有些人认为烟花爆竹能够增加喜庆的氛围，能够带来来年的好运。（注意一个动词加两个宾语从句时that 不可以省略）
Some people believe that fireworks may add to the happy atmosphere and that they can bring about good fortune for the next year.
2，主语(that 引导的句子做主语时that不能少，疑问词引导的句子顺序正常直接做主语)
地球绕着太阳转，这一点人人都知道
That the earth goes round the sun is known to all 地球绕着太阳转，这点人人皆知
That he should be sent to hospital immediately is very necessary 他需要被送往医院，这点很必要
What you say is quite different from what you do 你的言行不一
What happened to this little boy that night remains a mystery 那天孩子发生了什么事情还是一个谜
Whether there is water on the Mars is very much doubted/argued 火星上有没有水这个问题备受争议
用it 形式主语来解决头重脚轻的问题--〉同位语从句（that不能少）
It is known to all that the earth goes round the sun
It is very necessary that he should be sent to the hospital immediately
It remains a mystery what happened to this little boy that night
It is much doubted/argued whether there is water on the Mars
同位语从句中的that 不作任何成分，宾语从句中的that做成分
News arrived that the fleet was defeated in the war 消息传来舰队在战争中被打败了
Word came that all the prisoners should be hanged 命令下来了，所有的囚犯被绞死
We all love food that is nice to look at and delicious to taste 我们喜欢看起来好看吃起来好吃的食物
定语从句
--〉句子作定语
名词+{关系代词（that, which, who）+句子}→完整句子（关系代词在从句中作成份：主语，宾语）
关系代词没有复数
我昨天见到的孩子the boy who/that I met yesterday
住在我隔壁的人the man who lives next door.
关系代词作宾语可以省略，做主语不能省略
我在夜市上买的衣服the clothes I bought at a night market
我爱的那个姑娘the girl I love.
现在站在街角的一个女人the woman who is standing at the street corner
有定语从句修饰的名词依然是名词，一个复杂的名词而已；因此依然可以做成分：一个更为长的句子中的主语或者宾语
住在我隔壁的那个人估计是一个舞女，每天都要凌晨才回来
The girl who lives next door is probably a dancer/stripper. She comes home almost early in the morning every day. 我在夜市上买的衣服很便宜的. 但是款式和质量还是很好的
Those clothes which /that I bought at the night market are a good bargain. However, the quality and style is still desirable
加“，”的定语从句，表明名词独一无二,物体用which, 人用who
My father, who is now in Nanjing on a business trip, promises to give me a great surprise on my birthday.
我爸爸答应在我生日那天给我一个大惊喜，他现在在南京出差。
The earth , which is home to us humans, is the third largest planet of the solar system 人类的家园地球是太阳系第三大行星
Zhang yimo, who has got a reputation for bold creativity and imagination both at home and abroad, worked hard with his fine team to present this fantastic sport gala opening ceremony 张艺谋因其创造性和想象力而蜚声海内外，与团队努力奋斗，推出了恢宏的体育盛宴开幕式
注意一张单程票：某些没有逗号的定语从句可以变成有逗号的定语从句
The house which /that was built by my father has a history of 20 years 我父亲造的那个屋子有20年的历史了The house, which was built by my father, has a history of 20 years 这个屋子有二十年的历史了，是我父亲造的定语从句中的介词可以提前，则that消失，物体用which, 人用who/whom；
这就是我出生和长大的地方this is the place that/which I was born in and grew up in
→ this is the place in which I was born and grew up
这个小家伙利用了我的好心，我就给了他10块钱出于同情
This young man took advantage of my kindness. He is the very one that/who I gave 10 yuan to out of sympathy.
--. This young man took advantage of my kindness. He is the very one to whom I gave 10 yuan out of sympathy.
如果“介词+关系代词which ”表示时间= when;“表示地点”=where; “表示原因”=why ；
这就是我成长的地方this is the place that/which I grew up in→ this is the place in which I grew up → this is the
place where I grew up
我还记得我们相亲的那个冬日I still remember the winter day that we had our blind date on. –〉I still remember the winter day on which we had our blind date. → I still remember the winter day when we had our blind date.
我还不理解他为什么恨我I don’t understand the reason that he hates me so much for.--> I don’t understand the reason for which he hates me so much →I don’t understand the reason why he hates me so much
总结：when 在那个时候where 在那里why 为什么
我们以前经常去一个旧的仓库捉迷藏，在那里我们度过了很多无忧无虑的岁月
We used to play “hide and seek” game in that old warehouse where we spent so many care-free hours
春天我喜欢去一个的山坡烧烤或者野餐。那里满眼鲜花绽放，轻风摇曳。
In spring, I’d like to do barbecue or picnic on a hill where you can see flowers bowing in warm breeze
我还记的那个特别的日子，那天我主动地牵起了你的手
I remember that special day well when I took your hand in mine for the first time.
用关系副词where, when , why 的定语从句和表语从句异曲同工
这就是我迈出第一步的地方this is the place where I took my first step into career. = this is where I took my first step into career.
这就是我恨他如此深的原因this is the reason why I hate him so much = this is why I hate him so much
这就是我们分手的日子this is the day when we parted = this is when we parted.
注意：在关系副词中不能用how ，但是在表语从句中可以
This is how I escaped from that damned jail 这就是我如何从那个天杀的监狱逃跑的经历
名词性从句偷懒版本：疑问词引导的名词性从句在满足如下情况时可以直接用疑问词+to do
1, 从句动词和主句谓语动词比较同步发生或者发生较晚
2，从句动词的发出者或者和主句人称一致；或者指向性不明，模糊不清，泛指
3，从句动词不是be 动词（be going to 除外）
4，what, when, where, how, whether 使用居多
我不知道要不要在这个时候帮他。要知道他一直以来都非常诡诈，邪恶。
I don’t know whether I should help him at this moment. Y ou know he has always been sly and wicked
I don’t know whether to help him at this moment. Y ou know he has always been sly and wicked.
什么时候开始这个项目还困扰着经理
When to start the project still bothers the manager –〉it still bothers the manager when to start the project
我真的不知道该说什么，那么多人我都不认识。
I really don’t know what to say. I am not familiar with most of those people
无人知道以后该做什么，只有摸着石头过河no one knows what to do. What we can do is to follow our instincts (直觉)
例外我忘记了刚才我说什么了I have forgotten what I said just now
没有人知道下一步会发生什么no one knows what will happen.
我想知道什么时候我动手术I want to know when I will be operated on.
表语从句: 在中文中，只有宾语从句这一概念，因为动词包括实意动词和be动词，没有区别；在英语中，实意动词+宾语从句，be动词+表语从句。不管如何，两者极其类似，因此宾语从句怎么处理，表语从句也就怎么处理(that可以省略)
我所关心的问题是我们什么时候能够拿到钱，能够拿到多少钱。这个非常重要，我们没有多少时间了。What I am concerned with is when we can get the money and how much we can get. This is very important, because we don’t have much time left.
剩下的问题是是否我们能够得到足够多的供给，度过这个可怕的冬天
The next question is whether we can get enough supply and live through this terrible winter.
眼前的情况是全球的经济一塌糊涂，每个国家都力求自保，又有谁能帮助希腊呢。
The situation is that the global economy is in a big trouble and that every country is trying hard to save itself and that no country has the ability to help Greece.
表语从句的缩略版本：be to do/be to be done 去做某事
他的工作就是去召集大家开会，将信息传到到位
His job is to assemble the members and deliver the information to everyone
我的计划就是在未来8个月的时间内好好的将有些新的科目研究一下, 同时积累一定的钱财，为下一个计划做好准备
My plan in the next 8 months is to do some research on a number of new subjects and gather some a little bit fortune for the next plan.
很多高中生的梦想就是进入知名大学，成为天之骄子
The wish of many high school students is to be admitted into a famous university and to be a heaven-favored child. 下一步要做的就似乎选取出最好的候选人来填充这个岗位
The next step is to sift out /select out the best candidate for this position.
强调句结构：
it is/was+要强调的部分+that(人可以用who)+照抄
时态问题由is/was控制。
I (A) saw (E)your mother(B) in the street(C) this morning(D) 四个部分都可强调。
是我今天早上在街上看到你老妈的it was I who saw your mother in the street this morning.
我是今天早上见到你老妈的it was this morning that I saw your mother in the street
我是在街上见到你老妈的it was in the street that I saw your mother this morning
我见到的是你的老妈it was your mother that I saw this morning in the street.
我之所以成为我，那是因为我的原则
It is my principles that make me who I am.
直到昨天我才知道你安全的回来了
I did not know until yesterday that you were back safe and sound
It was not until yesterday that I got to know you were back at home safe and sound.
分词用法
一，v ing, ved 成对出现，词根一致时作形容词功效
ving 表明该词所修饰的名词能够让他人/他物处于一种状态，是对外的功能
ved表明该词所修饰的名字本身处于一种状态，是及于自身的功能
Exciting, excited thrilling, thrilled
An exciting dancer 令人激动的舞蹈演员an excited dancer 非常激动地舞蹈演员
The thrilling weather 令人舒爽的天气be thrilled by the high-tech effects 为高科技效果所欣喜
Frightened , frightening
A frightened face 一张受到了惊吓的脸 a frightening face 一张吓人的脸
二，V ed，ving 作形动词（动态形容词）
结构比较短，则放在名词之前，结构比较长则放在名词之后
Ving 1，的确的进行
a crying baby啼哭的孩子 a sleeping tiger睡虎the flooding water泛滥的洪水
the falling leaves飘落的叶子
the rolling clouds翻滚的云朵the flowing river 流淌的河水
the dashing cars.横冲直撞的车the roaring motorcycles/sport car呼啸而过的摩托车,跑车There were some people rowing on the river.有些人在河面上划船
=there were some people who were rowing on the river
教室里坐着200人
There are 200 students sitting in the classroom.
有个人在门口走来走去，看起来很可疑。
There is a man walking up and down in front of the gate. He looks very suspicious.
2主动（长期，习惯性）
英语培训机构an English- training company.
吃人的老虎a man-eating tiger
吃草动物grass-eating animal =herbivore 肉食动物meat-eating animal =carnivore
生活在冷水里的鱼fish living in cold water=fish that lives in cold water.
生活在树冠中的猴子monkeys living in the canopy of the rain forest..
生活在那个地方的人people living in that part of the world.
伴随着电视机成长起来的一代 a generation growing up with TV
通向成功的道路the long road ( leading ) to success
注意：刚才和我说话的人是老师。虽主动，但不长久
The man who talked to me just now is my teacher
我公司是生产和营销鞋子的知名企业
Our company is an established one specializing in foot-wear production and trading.
Our company is an established company which specializes in the foot-wear production and trading 总结ving 可做的成分：
1，动名词，相当于名词，做主语和宾语（主语居多）
裁员救不了公司Cutting jobs will not save the company.
哭泣于事无补,只会让情况更加糟糕crying helps nothing, but makes things worse.
Seeing is believing 眼见为实
2，公用性形容词
A sleeping bag睡袋 a swimming pool 游泳池a skating pool 溜冰场
3，动态性形容词
V ed 1, 被动（及物动词）
犁过的田ploughed field
耕种的土地cultivated land
退耕还林/湖/草/牧return cultivated land to forests /lakes /grass land /pasture land
被废弃的岛屿The deserted island
废弃的村庄the abandoned village
the broken glass摔破的杯子
the amused child被逗乐的孩子
the interested reader激发了兴趣的读者.
装修寒酸的房子a poorly-furnished house.
搬到装修好一点的房子去move to a better-furnished one.
刚修好的道路a newly built road.
新形成的岛屿a newly formed island
新的割伤the newly cut wound.
2）(仅)完成。（这类词很少）
上涨的河水the rising water, 正在升起的月亮the rising moon.
上涨了的河水/月亮the risen water//moon.
正在飘落的叶子，the falling leaves- 落叶the fallen leaves.
发展中国家a developing country.发达国家developed country.
收入在上涨。The increasing salary已经上涨的工资the increased salary.
正在改变的局势，the changing situation 已经改变的局势the changed situation
The destroyed city 被毁掉城市the city destroyed in last year’s air-strike去年空袭中毁掉的城市
后置定语--清算
五天前修好的那座桥the bridge built five days ago=the bridge which was built five days ago
已经修好的那座桥the bridge already built = the bridge which has already been built
两年后即将被造好的桥the bridge which is to be built in two years= the bridge to be built in two years. Be to do sth 将作某事（计划好的，要求做的）
Be about to do 马上要做某事（后面不能加任何的时间概念）
后置定语VS定语从句
定语从句中做主语的关系代词和be动词略掉= 后置定语
正在被建造的那座桥the bridge which is being built= the bridge being built.
正在门口走来走去的人the man walking up and down in front of the gate
=the man who is/was walking up and down in front of the gate.
注意，当ving表示习惯一样的主动时不能用这种方法
操练
桌上的那本书the book on the desk= the book which is on the desk.
一个比她小两岁的男人
a man two years younger than herself= a man who is two years younger than herself.
一个两英尺深的洞a hole two feet deep=a hole which is two feet deep
一个像橘子大小的洞a hole which is the size of an orange= a hole the size of an orange
The cigarette end burnt a hole the size of a coin in my coat
any man alive =any man who is alive这类形容词还有asleep, awake
必须把这项工作交给一个能做好它的人(be capable of doing the job well)
The job must be given to someone capable of doing it well.
国展中心有一场人才交流会
the job fair being held in the exhibition center.
我已经被邀请去参加即将在来年举行的婚礼
I have already been invited to the wedding to be held early next year.
如下情况不能恢复成定语从句，但借用了to do 表示将来的功效
在接下来的日子里，我们要严防国际恐怖主义。
In the days to come, we shall guard against international terrorism.
In the coming days，In the following days
接下来的几年中in the years to come.
申明：用to do 后置定语并融入将来时态的用法比较少，到现在为止多限于：
sth to be done和in the days to come, in the years to come
非谓语形式
find/leave sb/sth +状态（介词词组，形容词，现在分词，过去分词，名词）
框内成分都可进一步说明、补充sb/sth，从术语的角度讲是（宾语）补足语
这一规则不要在推广至其他的动词，但可用在句子中，作为复杂、高级的结构。
基本框架结构
框，句子；句，框，子；句子，框
1，adj 形容词
厌倦了睡在地上，年轻人存钱多年，买了一张真正的床
Tired of sleeping on the floor, the young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
为这个消息大大震撼，我愣住了几分钟，动都没有动
Greatly shocked at the news , I froze for minutes without moving
为这个奸邪的世道所伤，他丢下了一切，成了一个和尚
Terribly hurt by this wicked world, he left everything behind and became a monk
对这个邪恶的世道已经失望，她纵身跳入河内
Greatly disappointed at the wicked world, she drowned herself in the river/jumped into the river.
=in despair and in pain, both women killed themselves.
她经常坐在楼梯上，陷入思考
She often sits on the stairs, lost in thinking
（Be lost in sth/doing sth Be lost in fantasy 陷入幻想，遐想）
他们盯着大门，陷入遐想they stared at the door, lost in fantasy.
生来就感染了艾滋病，他的一生是战斗的一生，是越来越艰难的一生
He was born infected with HIV. And his whole life is an uphill struggle against AIDS
2，ving(以经偏离了find sb doing 中的确进行的概念，需重新定义)
环顾四周，我震惊地意识到我是车上剩下的唯一的乘客
Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus
=As I looked around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
ving做形容词1，表示的确地进行，做定语体现出名词的动态状况2，表示长期的习惯性的主动。3，leave/find sb doing中表示的是实实在在的进行。
新型句子结构中的ving要从新定义：
如下面4句话。
1）he is reading in his study 他在书房看书
2）he is in his study reading
3）he is in his study, reading
1）he often sits in his study, reading他坐在书房看书
2) he often sits in his study reading
3) he often sits reading in the study他坐在书房看书
be reading, sit reading V(a)+V(b) ing
重新定义：次要动作（Vb）与主要动作V(a) 相比较，不超前不落后，同时发生，叫作进行
表述上，如果两个动词都比较简单，则主次动词连用；如果两个动词均复杂，则ving放在主要句子结构之外（句首或者句尾），用“，”标志出
他站在那里怒气冲冲的看着我he stood glaring at me.
她一路小跑过来了she came running to me
他坐在那里，思考着自己的未来he often sits there, thinking about his future.
我与其他同学一起走着，同时我在思考我的语法
I walked along with other students, thinking hard about grammar /deeply lost in thinking
我去温州的时候，一心想发财
I went to Wenzhou , hoping to make quick money.
我们城市中心有一个湖泊，边上有很多咖啡馆和茶馆。我喜欢坐在其中，听着音乐，喝着龙井茶
There in the city center lies a lovely lake, along which you will find many cafes and tea-houses. I love to sit in one of them, listening to my music and drinking my Longjin tea
鲁宾逊沿着沙滩一边走一边不时地往后看，害怕被被人跟踪
he walked along the beach, looking back from time to time , fearing being flowed by others.
有时一个动作和另一个动作不是同时发生，但照顾到两个动作连贯，一气呵成；这类现象也作同样处理。他冲了出去，嘭得关上了门，叫着：狗娘养的
He rushed out, slamming the door behind him, yelling: son of bitch.
一脚踹开门，冲了进去，脸色通红
Smashing the door open, he rushed in , with his face red.
果真两个动词有明显的先后关系，也可借助该结构；借助have done 在时间上的超前性
---》(have done)ing, 句子-----〉Having done sth, 句子。
我做完工作后回家了
After I had finished the work, I went back home.
Having finished the work, I went home.
After finishing the work, I went back home
After having finished the work, I went back home
已经失败了好多次了，我又鼓起勇气试了一次
Having failed many times, I picked up my courage and tried once more.
送走老板之后，我匆匆忙忙的回家了，一路上很是伤感很失落，很希望能够早日在北京见到她。
Having said good bye to my boss at the railway station, I hurried home, sad and lost, hoping to see her at an early date in Beijing
名词
你是一个受过良好教育的人，应该知道抢劫乞丐是非常可耻的
A man of good education, you should know that it is a big shame to rob a beggar
除了茂密的森林，荒芜的沙漠，巍峨的山脉和深邃的峡谷外，美国还有诸多河流湖泊。
A land of heavy forests and barren deserts, of high-peaked mountains and deep canyons, America also enjoys great rivers and lakes.
尽管只有五岁，他能明辨是非
Though a child of five, he knows right from wrong.
Child as he is, he knows right from wrong.
(being )A child of 5, he really doesn’t know what is good and what is not
加上being 是为了补充名词词组淡薄的劣势，让它更为丰满。
As a student, study should take much of his time.是错的
改正：As a student, he should put much time on study
用see的形式填空
-----from the top of Purple Mountain, Nanjing is just like a picture.
------from the top of Purple Mountain, we have a good view of the beautiful city lying below.
分词的否定: 在ving前直接加上not
我不知道怎么做出这道题目，我去问了老师
not knowing how to work out the problem, I went to the teacher for help.
unable to solve the problem, I went to the teacher for help.
相信努力总有回报，所以我努力的学习
I am willing to labor and toil, believing that hard work pays.
我沿着马路轻快的走着，一边唱着小曲，一边心里盘算着今天挣了多少。
I walked along the street merrily, singing and calculating how much I made today.
过去分词ved
Built in 1885, it was the oldest car at the race 建于1885年，这是赛场上最老的车
毁于1900年，去年得以重建，立刻便使得世界其他园林相形见绌。
Burnt down in 1900, the Y uanmingyuan palace was reconstructed last year, leaving all world famous palaces in shade//putting to shame all world famous palaces (put to shame)
在车祸中受了重伤，夫妻两死在了手术台上，留下一个孩子，只有5岁，无依无靠, 没有未来
Seriously injured in the accident, the couple died on the operation table, leaving behind a child of 5, helpless and futureless.
教授坐在那里，被一群学生围着，笑得很灿烂
Surrounded by a group of students, the professor sat there, smiling merrily
注意当要用到having done 的时候，通常在原句中有完成时的形式，且这样的句式结构十分强调动作性。已经问了好几遍了，但她就是不肯说。
She had been asked many times, but she still refused to speak
=Having been asked many times, she still refused to speak.
国际恐怖分子已经警告日本好几回了，日本政府要向海外派兵就要多考虑考虑了
as the Japanese government has been warned many times, it has to think twice before sending troops abroad.
=Having been warned many times, the Japanese government has got to think twice before sending troops abroad. 如下句子因为没有完成时态，所以不需要having done结构
圆明园在1900年被烧毁，去年得以重建，完工之际便让世界各大著名宫殿相形见绌。
Y uanmingyuan palace was burnt down in 1900 but was reconstructed last year, leaving immediately world famous palaces in shade.
= burnt down in 1900, yuanmingyuan palace was reconstructed last year, leaving immediately world famous palaces in shade.
当被问及为什么不肯嫁给他的时候，她不作回答
When she was asked why she refused to marry him, she made no reply.
= When asked why she refused to marry him, she made no reply
当土匪被盘问多少人参与了抢劫，他保持安静
When the bandit was questioned how many people had a hand in the robbery, he simply kept silent.
= When questioned how many people had a hand in the robbery, the bandit simply kept silent.
环境一旦污染，就需要很长时间恢复
Once the environment is polluted, it needs a longtime to recover.
=when polluted, the environment needs a long time to recover.
The environment, once polluted, needs a long time to recover.
Armed/equipped with the new machine, the search party went into the cave, hoping to find buried treasure.
工作结束了，我们出去玩With the job finished, we went out for fun.
这么多人站在边上，贼将脸埋在了臂膀里
With so many people standing by, the thief buried his face in his arms.
一切尽在掌握，我们没有必要担心
With everything under our control, we simply had no need to worry.
救援队5分钟之内赶来，我们很有希望灭掉大火
With the rescue team to arrive in 5 minutes, there is plenty of hope to put out the fire.
他冲了出去，脸色惨白He rushed out, with his face white.
旗舰在建造它的海港里面沉没了，沉下去的时候旗帜还在飘扬
The flagship sank at the harbor of its birth, with all the flags flying in the wind.
将军在我们的呼啸声中从我们面前走过with all the soldiers shouting slogans, the generals passed.
他走了进来，脸色苍白倦怠she came in with her face white and exhausted.
元首躺在沙发上，嘴里的血往下滴，他的手枪躺在边上
The fuehrer lay on the sofa, with blood dropping from his mouth and the gun lying aside.
打扫完院子，挑满水缸，中国战士们走了。
With all the yards cleaned and all the water vats filled, the Chinese soldiers left
With all the yards clean and the water vats full, the Chinese soldiers left.
老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
流氓斜靠着墙，嘴里叼一根烟，脸上还有一个新的刀伤。
The hooligan stood leaning against the wall, with a cigarette between his lips and a newly-made cut on his face.
总结句
他在决斗中受了重伤，躺在地上呻吟着，伤口还淌着血, 手无力的搭在肚子上,眼睛呆呆得往上看着,肋骨都断了，半死不活.
Seriously injured in the fight, he lay half dead on the ground, moaning , with the wound bleeding, hands on his stomach, eyes looking up at nothing and ribs broken.
流氓斜倚着墙站着，嘴里叼着一根烟，脸上一个刀疤
The hooligan stood leaning against the wall, with a cigarette between his lips and a scar on his face.
两句话连在一起肯定有连词。如果没有连词而只是“，”都表示不正常
因为天气很好，我们决定出去野营
The day (being) fine, we decided to go camping.
如果天气允许，我们下周将去游览西湖。
Weather (permitting), we will go on a tour of the Xihu lake next week.
独立主格：正常句子没有了谓语。
独立主格是作为一种成分，补充主句发生的状态，因此做状语。
独立主格使用的范围不广，最多的是“be”。肯定会看见“，”
常用来交待原因，条件；里面不涉及have done的先后关系，时态基本统一。
该结构多见于书面和高级的阅读；口语中更多用短句子。
下课了，我们回家
Since the class is over, we can go back home.
=The class being over, we can go back home.
没有什么要做的了，主席宣布会议结束
Since there was nothing to do, the chairman declared the meeting over.
= There (being) nothing to do, the chairman declared the meeting over.
这就是事实，我们无能为力
Such is the fact and we can do nothing to help
=such being the fact, we could do nothing to help.
他姐姐死了，所以他要抚养姐姐的孩子
His sister is dead so he has to bring up her children.
=His sister being dead, he has to bring up her children.
With his sister dead, he has to bring up her children
独立主格的高级用法:低级的独立主格通常在主句之前，高级的通常在主句之后
With做状语的用法with +n +ving /adj/ ved / to do/介词词组
去掉with变成高级独立主格。注意to do 结构消失。
Ving
可怜的姑娘朝着电话机爬去，伤口还流着血
The poor girl inched toward the phone on knees and hands, her wound bleeding .
他瞪着我，眼中燃烧着愤怒的火光. He stared at me, his eyes glowing with anger.
她盯着我看，一张脸因为激动而神采飞扬。
She looked at me, her face dancing with excitement./alight with excitement)
女孩子朝我跑过来，衣衫飘逸，长发飞舞
the girl came running toward me, her skirt and her hair dancing in the wind.
男孩说着这个故事，嘴唇发抖
The boy told the story in a weak voice, his lips quivering /trembling.
他洗去了前额上的一个血迹，他的左眼不断肿胀，一跳一跳的疼。
He washed a spot of blood from his forehead, his left eye swelling and throbbing.
V ed
她姐姐回到家，浑身衣服湿漉漉的，心也碎了
her sister returned home, her clothes soaked and her heart broken.
他躺在地上，肋骨断了，半死不活”the poor young man lay on the ground, half dead ，his ribs broken。姑娘躺在床上，心儿破碎，对爱得信念已经动摇
the girl lay in bed, her heart broken and her faith in love shaken.
挑满水缸，打扫完院子，红军走了。The water-vase filled and the yard cleaned, the red army men left.
介词
老师进来了，手里拿着书，头戴帽子
The teacher came in, with a book in his hand and a hat on his head.
the teacher came in, book in hand./hat on head.
流氓斜倚着墙站着，嘴里叼根烟，脸上一个刀疤
The hooligan stood leaning against the wall, cigarette between lips and scar on face.
形容词：性质形容词nice, good, excellent. 状态形容词，如dry, weak, red, pale.等
他绝望的要求着，声音微弱沙哑He asked helplessly, his voice dry and weak.
他冲出办公室，脸色因为生气而通红he rushed out of the office, his face red with anger.
他看着我，脸上因为激动而熠熠生辉。She looked at me, her face alight with excitement
虚拟语气：一类虚--“假的”，一类拟--“语气的婉转”
一，虚：内容虚假+一点语气
if引导条件句内容有可能，如内容不真实或不可能实现时，则if引导的从句就是“虚”。
“如果我是你的话，我就不工作”---〉内容虚假无法实现。
处理“虚”时注意：
1，与现实脱节，或相反。
2，根据从句判断时态：从句是虚的根源，主句是在从句虚假基础上的自然反应。
3，处理方法：“时态退一格”。判断为现在的虚拟，则用过去时态；判断为过去的虚拟，则用过去完成时态
现在的“虚”：如果不假，则是一般现在时
1，if引导的类似条件从句型：
时态退一格----从句现在时变成过去时（be变成were, 虚拟中没有was）；主句通常是情态动词的过去式。（注意高度混淆Could能够，会；would就，将）
如果我有一个大款老爹，那么我就不用这么辛苦工作，望房兴叹了。
If I had a rich father, I didn’t have to work so hard and only give out a helpless sigh before the high house price.
如果我是你的话，我就不工作了，我会健身，看书，旅游
If I were you, I would not work. Instead, I would do body-building, reading and travelling.
要是我会走，我会早上跑步，假期登山
If I could walk , I would go jogging in the morning and mountain-climbing in my holidays
要是每天都关心这些小事，我会死掉的，哪里还有时间做重大决策
if I had to care for such petty things , I would break down and have no time to make big decisions。
2，宾语从句型：
通过标志性词语体现-----Wish, if only(但愿), would rather
但愿我能够像鸟一样飞，摆脱地球的重力I wish I could fly like a bird and get rid of the gravity of the earth.
希望李平现在这里, 他能够解决一切机械问题how I wish Liping were here now. He can shoot/deal with all the mechanical problems.
但愿现在阳光普照, 在阴雨和寒冷中游湖真是一大折磨If only the sun were shining now. it is a big torture to walk along the lake in such cold rain.
我宁愿你现在还在深圳,我就不需要给你的困境感到内疚了
I would rather you were in Shenzhen, so that I didn’t have to feel guilty for your situation.
操练
如果现在我手头宽裕，我肯定帮你If I were easy on the pocket, I would surely help you.
但愿我有充足时间，这样我就能寻找一个装修的更好的房子了。
I wish/ if only I had plenty of time, so that I search for a better furnished house.
我宁愿做一个男孩子，这样的话我就不用担心婚姻，我可以等到30岁才结婚
I would rather I were a boy, so that I didn’t have to worry about my marriage every day and I could wait until 30.
过去的虚拟: 关键还是时态退一格
从句had done, 主句could/might/should/need/would/ought to（应该）have done（简单理解成本来可以，本来可能，本来应该，本来会//或者这样理解；真实情况下是can have done 能够已经做了某事，虚假时态退一格变成could have done）
1) if引导的虚假条件从句型
如果我早点来我就买到票了
If I had come earlier, I could/would/might have got the tickets.
=Had I come earlier, I could/ would/ might have got the tickets.
如果你昨天下午就到了的话，来就可以和我们一起去那个音乐会了。真是美轮美奂啊。
If you had arrived yesterday afternoon, you could/might have gone to the concert with us. It was so beautiful.
= had you arrived yesterday afternoon, you could have gone to the concert with us.
如果我在这里生活了那么多年，像你一样，我就不会打的了
If I had lived here for years like you, I couldn’t have taken the taxi.
=Had I lived here for years like you, I couldn’t have taken the taxi.
看看我，现在在这个一个乱七八糟的学校。当初真应该好好学习。
Look at me; I am stuck in this terrible school. I should/ought to have studied harder.
2), 标志性词语引导的宾语从句型
if only/wish/would rather/without/but for要不是—的话
但愿我曾今抓住了份爱情how I wish/ if only I had seized the love.
我宁愿我当初没有喊你过来。你现在还在深圳
I would rather I hadn’t asked you to come over and that you were still in Shenzhen.
要不是这次经历我是不会知道做一个平凡人有多么痛苦的。
Without/but for this experience, I couldn’t have known how hard life is for the common.
=If I had not had this experience, I would not have known how hard life is for the common.
早知道你要来我就晚饭就多准备点了,现在我们最好订一些比萨饼
If I had known that you would come, I could have prepared more for dinner. Now, we’d better order some pittza
= had I known----
如果我在场的话，他怎么可能这么放肆。
If I had been there, he couldn’t have been so rude.
= had I been there-----
果真我当时已经完成了准备工作，我就可以留下来享受美妙时光了
If I had finished the urgent task, I could have stayed to share the wonderful time.
= had I finished the urgent task-----
要是当时我已经翻完了的话，我就可以和你去了.但是我那个时候陷在一个复杂的结构里，动都动不了。
If I had finished the translation, I could go with you. But at that time, I was stuck in a very complicated structure and could not move on even a little bit.
= had I finished -------
“虚”的混合时态
如果我当初留在了温州我今天就不会在课堂上教课（从句对过去进行虚假，主句对现在进行虚假）
If I had stayed in Wenzhou, I would not be teaching here in my class.
我也就不可能遇到你们if I had stayed in Wenzhou, I couldn’t have met you.
“虚”的真假混合型，标志：or, but, otherwise，且真实可换成虚假。
我听到女厕所里传出一声尖叫。可能某人陷入麻烦需要帮忙。我本来可能进入女厕所的，但是我是男的.万一没什么意外，人们只是在开玩笑呢。
I heard a scream from the Lady’s room; probably someone was in trouble and needed help. I could have entered, but I am a man, what if there was nothing and someone was just joking.
我当时真的很穷，否则我就帮你了。
I was really broke at that time, or I could have helped you.
= if I had not been broke at that time, I could have helped you.
将来的虚拟：从句were to do 或should do, 主句时态退一格will- would, could, might, should
他刚刚经历一场可怕的车祸，现在还在昏迷中，万一他要是死了，我该怎么办呢。要知道我们刚刚结婚，而且我还怀孕了
He just had a terrible accident. Now he still lies in coma. Everyone is telling me to relax and that everything will be ok. But if he should/ were to die, what could/should/would I do? Y ou know, we just got married and now I am pregnant.
虚假的最高级别标志：as if/as though 似乎
诀窍：虚假的动作与主要的真实参考动作相比较
定好时态，再时态退一格。
我非常崇拜那个女老板，就好像我爱上她了一样
I admire the lady boss so much as if I loved her.
不要理睬这个愚蠢的领导。他说起话来就好像自己是总统一样，总觉得任何人都应该服从他的命令。Don’t take seriously what this stupid boss says. He talks as if he were a president. He always thinks his orders should be obeyed.
他虽然现在已经下台了，但是一想到我还是难以给他同情心。他以前管理方式粗暴，他说话时就好像自己是总统一样
Though he has been replaced now, I still can’t show my sympathy. He ruled in a savage way. He talked as if/though he were a president.
他总是爱吹牛，明明从来没有离开过杭州，但是他说起话来好像他曾到过世界不同的地方，
He is always bragging and boasting. He has never left the city of Hangzhou. But he talks as if he had been to many different cities in the world.
他活着的时候最擅长吹牛，从来都没有离开过他的乡村，但是说话时却好像曾今去过全世界很多地方一样. 而且还有人相信他。
When he was alive, he was very good at bragging and cheating. He never left his village. But he talked as if he had been to many different places in the world. And people believed him.
经过流血争斗之后，他去了学校，好像什么都没有发生过一样
After the bloody fight, he went to school as if nothing had happened.
两个月前，我叔叔回到了他的祖国英国，但是很快他就离开了。他的举动好像他从来没有在英国居住过一
样
Two months ago, my uncle returned to his homeland: England but very soon, he left. He acted as if he had never lived in this country before.
他们谈起来好像早就认识了一样they talk/talked as if they had known for years.
注意
这肉吃起来好像坏了the meat tastes as if it has gone wrong. (是真的！)
在look, seem, taste, smell, sound这些联系动词之后很可能会出现是真实情况
车子没有油了，看来我们得步行了we are running out of oil. It seems as if we have to walk
我们来了半天了，只有校长过来和我们说了一下不好意思，要稍等一下。看起来他们好像忙得要命
We have been here for several hours. Only the president stopped by and said sorry and that we needed to wait a while. It seems as if they are very busy.
这牛奶闻起来好像酸掉了。The milk smells as if it’s gone sour.
二，“拟”—语气的婉转
所谓语气的婉转是一个总的说法，包含众多语气：应该—婉转；决心，命令，必须---强悍，坚定。
一些标志性词语引导从句，从句由should来体现语气，且should可以隐身
1，标志性的动词：
在一个中国餐厅吃饭之后，有人建议我们去KTV唱歌
After the dinner in a Chinese restaurant，some suggested that we (should) go to the KTV for fun.
我建议我们换一种角度来看待这个问题
I advise that we (should) look at the problem from a different angle /perspective。
校长命令，所有的男老师喝啤酒
The headmaster moved that all male teachers (should ) drink beer.
国际社会提议政权必须交给伊拉克人民
The international community proposed/urged that power (should) be handed over to the Iraqi people
医生坚持认为病人马上动手术
Doctor insisted that the patient be operated on at once
拿破仑命令士兵在河对岸集合
Napoleon commanded that all the soldiers gather/assemble at the other side of the river.
标志性动词如变成名词，也应“拟”。
我的意见是，我们回去睡觉，明天有漫长的国际航班。
My suggestion is that we go back to sleep. Tomorrow we will have a long international flight.
在危机的时候，有人要求总统下台
During the crisis, there were demands that the president step down.
有些词不是标志性词语，但也会带上“拟”的语气（表示决心，应该等等的语气）
我们的决定是学校暂时不开学our decision is that the school (should)remain closed.
我的想法是把门砸掉my idea is that the door be smashed down.
我的决定是所有的背叛者吊死My decision is that all the betrayers be hanged.
注意能插进“应该”的地方就能放进should。考题选项中有动词原形或be done ，则基本上就是虚拟语气
的“拟”。
2，形容词表示“拟”，基本结构：it is/was +adj +that 从句。
通常这些形容词要表达出语气，有沉重的感觉
important, vital重大的,essential重要的
urgent紧迫的, imperative(紧要的)，necessary
这项工作现在就做完这是很重要的。It’s important that the job (should) be finished now.
这次任务决不能失败，这是至关重要的it’s essential that the mission (should) not fail.
他吃药这对她的身体健康很重要It’s v ital that she (should)take the medicine.
我们马上找到他，这是很紧急的
It is imperative that we find him immediately.
病人必须马上动手术，这一点很必要
It is necessary that the patient be operated on immediately。
有些形容词不是标志性词语，但也需要语气的婉转, 理解为“竟然，居然”
他竟然来得这么晚，真是奇怪
It seems very strange that she should be so late.
喝了毒药之后她居然还或者，真是不可思议。
It is unbelievable that she should be alive after taking the poison.
我身上居然会发生这种事情，真是不公平
It’s unfair that such should have happened to me.
这类词语不易总结，通常只要有it is /was +adj +that 从句，基本上要用到should这种语气
我们不应该这样浪费时间，这是对的。It’s right that we should not waste our time like this.
3，It’s high time/it’s about time+从句
从句中不能用否定结构，用过去时态表示现在和将来（有时候可以用could但是不能用would）
该反击了it’s (high/about) time that we fought back. ==it’s pay-back time
该起床干活了It is time that we went up and got the work done
是时候该客观重新审视自己了，大学生并非天之骄子。
It’s high time you looked at yourself objectively. College students are not heaven-favored children any longer.
As ---as 的用法，表程度相当，加形容词或副词原级
人们不如以前那么诚实了
People are not so /as honest as they once were.
第二个as既可作介词又可作连词；
介词加名词，相对简单；用在比喻意义上
he runs as fast as a horse 他跑得像马一样快
She is beautiful as a peacock.她美丽的像孔雀
如as是连词，则加句子
但通常只有主语，没有其他谓语等形式
Y ou love him as much as I 我和你一样爱他
Y ou love him as much as me 你爱他和爱我差不多深
或者有时会有主语和谓语动词
此时，要注意谓语动词的形式：
如第一个as前是实意动词，则第二个as后用do/did的形式；
如第一个as前是be动词，则第二个as后用be的具体形式
he runs as fast as I （do）. She is as beautiful as my sister （is）.
那时他的英语说的和我一样好He spoke English as fluently as I (did)
如下情况一定要将第二个as看成连词，且其后省略的谓语动词一定不能省略
第一，时态不一致
中国现在已经不像过去那样穷了China is not as poor as it used to be.
人们不像以前那么诚实了people are not as honest as they once were.
我说英语和以前一样流利I speak English as fluently as I once did.
第二，形容词、副词不能共用此时原级结构表示程度上的同等
一个是琅苑奇葩，一个是美玉无瑕
he is as handsome as she is beautiful.
他爹那么老实，他娘那么狡猾。
His father is as honest as his mother is cunning.
内华达州那么干旱贫瘠，俄勒冈州却是一片葱绿
Oregon is as green as Nevada is arid.
第三，动词不能共用
他看起来和电话上听起来差不多，病得很厉害
she looks as ill as she sounded on the phone.
他没有屏幕上看起来那么好看
she is not as pretty as she looks on the screen
第四，宾语不能共用
他做歌手和演员一样成功
He is as good a singer as he is an actor.
他做老板和做老师一样聪明
He is as smart a teacher as he is a boss.
第五，一个更为复杂的结构
美国政府的清廉和纳米比亚政府的腐败同样出名
The government of USA is as famous for its cleanness as is the government of Namibia for its corruption
The government of USA is as famous for its cleanness as the government of Namibia is for its corruption
《英语语法大全(完全版)
v1.0可编辑可修改语法 1. 5种类型的谓语 1326 在一个完整的句子中，主语之外的部分称为谓语，- 谓语。 第一类包含一个不及物动词（IV）: He came My wife cried 第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语（TV+ O : Joh n likes me . His un cle wrote letters 第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语（They teach me En glish . I bought Mary sugar . 第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语（LV+ C）: He is a teacher . She looks sad . 第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语（FV+ C+ C）: 5种类型的DV+IO+DC :
v1.0可编辑可修改We made him king . She left the house dirty 1.基本成分 1302 根据其结构，句子可以分为5类： a.主语+ 不及物动词 Joh n came. (S)(IV) b.主语+ 及物动词+宾语 Joh n likes oranges . (S) (TV) (O) c.主语+ 双宾动词+ 间接兵语+直接宾语 Joh n gave Mary books . (S)(DV (10)(DO
d.主语+ 系动词+ 主语补语 Joh n is happy . (S)(LV)(SC e.主语+ 宾补动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补语 Joh n makes Mary angry . (S)(FV) ( O)(OC 主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。在上面的句子中，如把任何一个成分删除，都会成为病句。从上面例句也可看出，完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。 2 ?附属成分 1303 基本成分可以加修饰语：1）定语（即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或 从句）或2）状语（即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句）。下面例句中，修饰语为斜体字，被修饰的词为黑体字： 1）Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby . John likes oranges imported from the U . S..
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
经典英语语法讲解解析
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
大学英语语法大全_太经典了
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初二英语语法总结大全
初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
六年级英语语法知识点汇总
六年级语法总复习 一、词汇 （一）一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如yesterday, last weekend ,last Saturday ,等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句——What did you do last weekend?你上周做什么了？ ——I played football last weekend.我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 ⒈一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play—played ⒉词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance—danced ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop（停止）--stopped ⒋结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，例如：study--studied ★一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is—was are—were go—went swim—swam fly—flew do—did have—had say—said see—saw take—took come—came become—became get—got draw—drew hurt—hurt read—read tell—told will—would eat—ate take—took make—made drink—drank sleep(睡觉)—slept cut（切）--cut sit(坐)—sat begin(开始)—began think—thought find—found run(跑)---ran buy—bought win—won give(给)—gave sing—sang leave—left hear（听）--heart wear—wore （二）一般现在时态 一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与often ,always ,usually ,sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ●主语（非第三人称）+动词原形+其他。例句：——What do you usually do on the weekend?——I usually do my homework on the weekend. ●主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ——What does Sarah usually do on the weekend?萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ——She usually does her homework on the weekend.她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play—plays ⒉以s ,x ,ch,sh结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch—watches ⒊以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly—flies ⒋个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do—does go—goes （三）现在进行时态 现在进行时态表示说话人现在正在进行的动作。基本句型：主语+be+动词的-ing+其他。 例如:——What are you doing ?你在干什么？ ——I am doing my homework..我正在做作业。 ★动词现在分词的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在词尾加ing ，例如;wash—washing ⒉以不发音e字母结尾的动词，去掉e ,再加ing.例如：make—making ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.例如swim—swimming （四）一般将来时态 一般将来时态表示将来某一时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间如tomorrow ,next weeken ,this afternoon 等连用。我们通常用will,be going to+动词原形来表示一般将来时态。
小学英语语法大全(全套十八讲)
小学英语语法大全 第1讲字母 1、英语中共有26个字母。Aa，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu是元音字母，Yy是半元音字母，其余是辅音字母。英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。Aa和Ii可以独立成词，分别表示“一个（张……）”和“我”的意思，Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。 2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置，可以记住以下口诀：大写字母不顶格，小写字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。 3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离，一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。 4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.)，省略号是三个居下的实心圆点（…），英语中没有顿号和书名号，顿号用逗号替代，书名用斜体字表示。 5、英语缩写词 PRC中华人民共和国UN 联合国 WHO 世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联赛KFC 肯德基 IT 信息技术 EQ 情商 CCTV 中国中央电视台kg 千克 a.m. 上午USA 美国 HK 香港 WTO 世界贸易组织 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 ATM 自动柜员机 ID 身份证 CPU 中央处理器 BBC 英国广播公司 cm 厘米 p.m. 下午 UK 英国 SOS 国际求救信号 UFO 不明飞行物 VIP 贵宾 EMS邮政特快专递 IQ 智商 RMB 人民币 VOA 美国之音 No. 号码 6
第2讲语音 1、音素：语音的最小单位。 2、元音：发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。 单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变；双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个 元音滑动，唇形和舌位有一个变化过程，且前重后轻，前长后短。 3、辅音：发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。 清辅音发音时声带不振动；浊辅音发音时声带振动。 4、音标：用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆，音标被放在斜括号/ /内。 5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的，而相同的发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。 6、开音节：以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的e结尾 （r除外）的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音，即该字母的名称音。 闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。
英语语法大全(完整版)
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
初三英语语法知识点归纳
初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③
英语语法详解全集
英语语法详解全集（1）（1-10）名词、动词…… 英语语法详解全集（1）（1-10）名词、动词…… 一、语法之名词详解 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 __________________________________________________ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars ___________________________________________________ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches _______________________________________________________ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾 的词加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses _________________________________________________________ 以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
初中英语语法大全(总结篇)
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名
初中英语语法大全归纳总结
初中英语语法大全 1、名词 （一）概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom 地方名称 China, London 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar （二）普通名词和专有名词 1．普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型： 1）个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如： He has two aunts. 他有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers. 多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西，例如： We’ve lived here for twenty years. 我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：a week, a problem, an old man. 2）集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：
government（政府） group（小组，团体） public（公众） team（队；组） police（警方） 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的成员时作复数看待 有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如： Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 我们公司将派他去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如： The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他。 3）物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有： beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：
高中英语语法大全总结
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词
英语语法大全(超全)
多音节词在前面加 most ，女口 "the most difficult 英语的基本 语序为SVO ，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外； 另一方面， 有时英语会使用 OSV 的语序。(注： S : Subject ［主语］; V : phrase ［谓语］;O ： Object ［宾语］) 英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这 十大词类是： 一、名 词： 表示人或事物的名称的词。 二、形容词： 表示人或事物的特征的词。 三、副 词： 修饰动词、形容词和 副词的词。 四、代 词： 是代替名词、形容词和 数词的词。 五、数 词： 表示数量和顺序的词。 六、动 词： 表示动作和状态的词。 七、冠 词： 与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。 八、介 词： 通常置于名词和代词之前，表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。 九、连 词： 连接词 与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。 十、感叹词： 表示说话人感情或语气的词。 英语的时态 英语共有十六个时态、 四个体。(注：四个体为 行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系 直陈 式，命令式等。 (1) 一般现在时 英语语法大全下载 1、所有格：He is Fred's best friend. (-'s ) 2、 动词现在时的第三人称单数 ：Alfredo works. (-s ) 3、 动词过去式：Fred worked . (-ed )，但亦有不规则变化。 4、 现在分词/进行时态：Fred is 节为辅音结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音， 5、 过去分词:The car was stolen working . ( -ing )(［注］如果动词的末音 女口 running ) .(-en )； Fred has talked to the police. (-ed )，但亦有不规则变化。 6、 动名词：Working 7、 名词的复数：Fred has is good for two blue eyes . the soul. (-ing ) (-s )(［注］如果动词的尾字是 s, sh,x,ch ，则需加-es ，女口 dishes 8、 形容词的比较级:Fred 音节在前面"加more ,如"more 9、 形容词的最高级：Fred is smarter than difficult "。 has the fastest Rick. (-er )形容词末尾加 car. ( -est )形容词末尾加 -er ，多 -est , II 。 Verbal 般、进行、完成、完成进 罗曼语族中的式，如:
人教版小学英语语法总结大全
人教版小学英语语法总结大全一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8 个： Myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的 2、形容词性物主代词的特点： 1）译成汉语都有”的"eg : my我的their他们的 2)后面加名词：eg ：mybackpackhisname 3）前后不用冠词aanthe
Thisisamyeraser（错误）Thatisyourapen（错 误）lt'shisthepe n（错误） 3、I（物主代词）myyou（物主代词）yourhe（物主代词）herwe（物主代词）our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。 二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8 个： Mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的 2、名词性物主代词的特点：
1)译成汉语都有" 的 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词 Eg ：1 、thepenismine 钢笔是我的(mine=mypen) 以上就是小学英语名词性物主代词全文，希望能给大家带来帮助！ 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a 或an 要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg ：把下列句子变成复数 1 ，Ihaveacar wehavecars
2 ，HeisanAmericanboy. TheyareAmericanboys 3，Itisacar Theyarecars 4，Thisisaneraser Theseareerasers 5，Thatisabackpsck Thosearebackpacks 6，I'manEnglishteather WeareEnglishteathers 7，It'sanewshirt Theyarenewshirts 8，He'saboy Theyareboys 9，She'sasinger T heyaresingers 10，What'sthisinEnglish ？WhataretheseinEnglish
小学英语语法知识点汇总
小学英语语法知识点汇总 一、名词复数规则 1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5. 不规则名词复数，如： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。 3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 三、现在进行时 1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 动词加ing的变化规则 1. 一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2. 以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：