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Lesson Seven

Section One: News in Brief

Tapescript
1. Both -House and Senate negotiators today approved sweeping im-
migration legislation that could grant amnesty to millions of illegal
aliens who entered the country before 1982. The bill, as worked, out
in five hours of closed-door negotiations, would establish a system
of fines against employers who hire illegal immigrants. It would also
make those who came to the US illegally but have established roots
in this country eligible for amnesty.

2. The Supreme Court today agreed to decide if Illinois can require
minors wanting abortions to notify their parents or obtain judicial
consent. The justices will review the decision striking down a 1983
law, which required some girls to wait twenty-four hours after tel-
ling their parents they wanted an abortion.

3. It was announced today that the winner of this year's Nobel Peace
Prize is Elie Wiesel. He has written twenty' five books on his experi-
ences in a Nazi prison of war camp and on the Holocaust. And he's
been a human rights activist for thirty years. NPR's Mike Shuster
reports. "Wiesel was sleeping in his Manhattan apartment when he
received the word at five o'clock this morning from the Nobel Com-
mittee in Oslo, Norway. Wiesel said he was flabbergasted at the
news, and later at a press conference, he said he would dedicate his
Prize to the survivors of the Holocaust and their children. "The hon-
or is not mine alone. It belongs to all the survivors who have tried to
do something with their pain, with their memory, with their silence,
with their life.' Wiesel, fifty-eight, is a native of Rumania. As a

teenager, he and his family were sent to a Nazi death camp. He and
two sisters survived; his mother, father, and younger sister did not.
After the War, Wiesel went first to France, then to the United States.
He is credited with the first use of the word 'Holocaust' to describe
the Nazi extermination of the Jews.'

Section Two: News in Detail

Tapescript
A House-Senate Conference Committee has agreed to an im-
migration reform bill. The measure, which had died in the final days
of the fast two Congresses, now looks as though it will become law.
NPR's Cokie Roberts reports.
One of the chief advocates of the immigration bill, New York
Democrat Charles Schumer, says that this year immigration became
a white hat issue, that the forces fighting against the measures finally
had a force on the opposite side of equal rate public opinion. The
opponents of immigration reform have always been many: Hispanics
in Congress and in the country have opposed the part of the bill

most
lawmakers consider key - punishment for employers who knowing-
ly hire illegals. The measure, passed at a conference today, would
provide civil penalties and criminal penalties for those who repeated-
ly hire illegal aliens. Hispanics worry the employer sanctions would
cause discrimination against anyone with an accent or Spanish
name, whether legal or not. The new bill includes strong anti-dis-
crimination language for employers who do refuse to hire any
Hispanics while still allowing someone to hire a citizen before an
alien. To appease Hispanics and others, the immigration bill includes
amnesty for aliens who have been in this country for five years,
Many border state representatives fought against the legalization
provisions, saying that millions of people could eventually become
citizens and bring their relatives to this country. All those people
could bankrupt the state's social services, said the representatives,
but the idea of deporting all of those people seemed impractical as
well as inhumane to most members of Congress. And aliens who
came to this country before 1982 will ' be able to apply for
legalization. The other major controversial area of the immigration
bill is the farm worker program. Agricultural interests wanted to be

able to bring workers into this country to harvest crops without be-
ing subjected to employer sanctions, but the trade unions opposed
this section of the bill. Finally, a compromise was reached where up
to three hundred and fifty thousand farm workers could come into
this country, but their rights would be protected and they would also
be able to apply for legalization if they met certain conditions. The
elements of the final immigration package have been there all along,
but this year, say the key lawmakers around this legislation, the
Congress was ready to act on them. The combination of horror sto-
ries about people coming over the borders and editorials about con-
gressional inability to act made members of Congress decide the time
had come to enact immigration reform. But supporters of reform
warn the end is not here yet. The conference report must still pass
both houses of Congress, and a Senate filibuster is always a possibili
ty. I'm Cokie Roberts at the Capitol.

Section Three: Special Report

Tapescript
Many photography shops are quite busy this time of the year.
People back from vacation are dropping off rolls of film and hoping
for the best. But commentator Tom Baudet learned a long time ago
he was better off not hoping.
I I've been told that I take lousy pictures. It's not that my sbots
aren't technically OK; it's just that my pictures seem to bring out the
worst in people. I hope that's not a sign of something. I usually end
up throwing half the pictures I take. It's not that they're deceiving.
Not

at all; they're just too honest. It's true what they say that a cam-
era never lies, but you certainly can lie to a camera.. We do it all the
time; at least we exaggerate a little to a lens. The first
thing you'll usually hear when you point a camera at someone is,

' Wait, I'm not ready.' Well, so you wait while they brush th
crumbs off their chin, put out a cigarette, or throw an arm aroun
the person next to them like they've been standing that way all day
Well, you get your picture, but it's blown all out of proportion. Ev
erybody's having a little more fun than they really were and likin
each other more than they actually do. We're all guilty of this on
time or another. You're with your sweetheart travelling somewhere
You've been walking and complaining about the price of the room
the blister on your heel and the rude waitress at the cafe. But then
you stop somebody on the street, hand them your camera, and pu
on your very best having-a-wonderful-time smile. Well, ten year
later you'll look at that picture in a scrapbook and remember what
great trip it was, whether it was or not. For it's a natural thing to do:
plant little seeds of contentment in our lives in case we doubt we ever
had any. Well, it 's good practice to take an opportunity to mug up to
a camera. There never seems to be a camera around for the real spe-
cial times: that make-up embrace after a long and dangerous discus-
sion, the look on your face as you hold the phone and hear you got
that promotion, the quiet ride home from the hospital after learning
those suspicious lumps were benign and something to watch but not
worry about. Those are the memories that should be preserved, to be
remembered and relied upon when harder times take hold. Those
times when a photographer like me will catch you at a party with a
loneliness on your face that you didn't think would show or bitter-
ness tugging at your lips during a conversation you didn"t intend to
be overheard. Well, we all slip up like this sometimes, and sooner or
later we get caught with our guards down. I think that's why I end
up with pictures like that. I like it when people leave their guards
down. We all know our best sides, and it's nice to keep that face for-
ward whenever we can. But I don't mind having pictures of the other
sides. Either way they all look just like people to me.
Writer Tom Baudet. He lives in Homer, Alaska.

Lesson Eight

Section One: News in Brief

Tapescript
1. Two years of sensitive negotiations paid off today as seventy for-
mer Cuban political prisoners arrived in the United Staits. All of the
prisoners had served least ten years in Cuban jails, and some had
been in prison since Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. The release
was arranged in part by French underwater explorer, Jacques
Cousteau, and a de

legation of American'Roman Catholic bishops.

2. President Reagan today unveiled plans for a nine hundred million
dollar plan to reduce drug abuse in the United States. It incl@des half
a billion dollars for stepping up drug enforcement along US borders,
especially in the southwest. The plan also calls for mandatory drug
testing for some federal workers. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports. 'As
part of his national crusade against drugs, President Reagan signed
an executive order today requiring federal workers in sensitive posi-
tions to undergo drug tests. The order covers employees who have
access to classified information, presidentially appointed officials,
law enforcement officials, and any federal worker engaged in activi-
ties which affect public health and safety or national security. But
heads of government agencies may order additional workers to take
the test. Federal employees who are, found to have continued to use
illegal drugs after a second test will be automatically fired. The over-
all drug testing program is expected to cost fifty-s ix million dollars,
but administration officials could not get even a ballpark figure of
how many workers may be included in the mandatory program. I'm
Brenda Wilson.'

3. Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres is in Washington for talks
with US leaders, including President Reagan. Earlier Peres met with
Secretary of State George Shultz. Afterwards, the two told reporters
that the Soviet Union will have no role in Middle East peace talks,
because it has no diplomatic ties with Israel and does not permit free
emigration of Soviet Jews.

Section Two: News in Detail

Tapescript
Israel's Prime Minister Shimon Peres is in Washington D. C.
this week to confer with high-level US officials. His visit follows his
summit with Egyptian President Mubarak last week. This afternoon,
the Israeli leader and President Reagan met at the White House.
NPR's Elizabeth Colton reports.
Israel's Peres comes to Washington only weeks before he is
scheduled to step down from the Prime Minister's post and exchange
roles with the current Foreign Minister, Yitzhak Shamir. This rota-
tion was arranged two years ago as part of Israel's coalition national
unity government. But what was expected to be little more than a
farewell visit for Prime Minister Peres has now taken on a new im-
portance because of Peres' recent achievements towards bringing
peace between Israelis and Arabs. At the White House this afternoon
President Reagan said that the Middle East peace process was the
major topic for discussion. And he praised Prime Minister Peres' ef-
forts in that direction.
'We noted favorable trends in the Middle East, not just the

longing for peace by the Israeli and Arab peoples, but constructive
actions taken by leaders in the region to breathe new life

into the
peace process. No one has done more than Prime Minister Peres to
that end. His vision, his statesmanship, and his tenacity are greatly
appreciated here." President Reagan said that other items on the
agenda of his meeting with Prime Minister Peres were American
economic aid to Israel, international terrorism, and Soviet Jewry.
The President assured the Israeli leader that the plight of Soviet
Jewry will remain an important topic in all the talks between the US
and the Soviets. I'm Elizabeth Colton in Washington.

Section Three: Special Report

Tapescript
A chapbook arrived in the mail a while back from the
Northeastern Ohio University's College of Medicine. The chapbook,
a small pamphlet of collected poetry, contains works by students,
part of the school's 'Human Values in Medicine" program. NPR's
Susan Stanberg leafed through the poems.
The selected works by finalists in the "William Carlos Williams
Poetry Competition,' named for America's great poet-physician,
the New Jersey country doctor who used to scroll drafts of poems on
pages of his prescription pads. William Carlos Williams wrote short,
sometimes, and to the quick.
This is just to say I have eaten the plums
That were in the ice box,
And which you were probably saving for breakfast.
Forgive me; they were delicious,
So sweet and so cold.
"Let me read it again."
And he did. William Carlos Williams, who died in 1963, has
been an inspiration to patients and physicians. So, it's fitting that the
Northeastern Ohio University's College of Medicine should name its
poetry competition for him. Now, at the beginning of its fifth year,
the competition is open to all medical students in this country, but
just one percent of them, a few hundred or so, entered the competi-
tion.
,, I'm sure a lot more are closet poets and aren't willing yet to
submit. We hope they do." Martin Cohn, director of the Human
Values in Medicine's program at the College of Medicine, says that
students' poetry centers around several themes.
' I guess it falls into categories that all poets write about, in-

,i
eluding lovers and ff;cnds and soi-r )wful kinds of situi tions, but then
there is also the experience that they're i-nost intimate with, which is
medical school itself, which is also a theme, and also relationships
with patients."
Poetry by ten medical students is presented in the chapbook,
accompanied by biographical notes on each of the poets. Kurt Beal,
at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, des-
cribes himself this way.
"I write to remember, to find, to uncover, to unfold. I have
learned that poetry is music. And I write because I cannot sing."
Martin Cohn has some sam ples of poe

ms from the chapbook. P.
C. Bowman of the Medical College of Virginia School of Medicine
wrote "Cartographer about his Wife."
When I watch you watching yourselves in the mirror,
Undress not with caution but with care,
Peeling the swimsuit from shoulders and breasts,
Exposing the belly flat from its vortex to the ribs,
Ordered as architecture. The hip swell
That breaks my geometer's heart.
It is a map of some impossible country,
Whose turns widen to vistas and stations
So sudden that I cannot breathe or comprehend
How I have wandered there and kept my life.
"Wonderful poem."
"Ya. "
"But he doesn't have to be a doctor to have written it."
"No. That's true."
"Give us one that could only be written by a doctor."
" OK. There is a poem, another one on anatomy, that was
written by Diane Roston, who, as the other poets, has a v r
C,y inter-
esting background. She danced for a number of years in a regional
company and also had taken courses in journalism. And she writes

of an experience with a cadaver, and the life of this cadaver. And she
ends the poem with the following verse..
Now student to anatomy.
Cleave and mark this slab
Of thirty-one-year-old Caucasian female flesh,
Limbs, thorax, cranium, muscle by rigid muscle.
Disassemble this motorcycle victim's every part,
As if so gray a matter never wore a flashing ruby dress.
I notice there's so much of that in this poetry by the medical
students, the reminders to themselves of humanity here. it's not just
arteries; it's not just anatomy. There are humans."
"That's right. And we feel we're just trying to do our part to en-
courage them to remember. Many students shuck off the arts and
humanities when they enter medical school, and even if we can keep
them involved, even if it's a thread of involvement, or vicarious
involvement by reading, not necessarily writing - that's what we are
trying to do."
At the Northeastern Ohio University's College of Medicine,
Martin Cohn says there's no evidence that the making of poetry
produces better medicine, but he has to believe it helps the students
understand themselves and their patients better. And so the William
Carlos Williams Poetry Competition continues. I'm Susan Stanberg.
This is just to say I have eaten the plums
That were in the ice box
And which you were probably saving for breakfast.
Forgive me; they were delicious,
So sweet and so cold.