英译汉
英译汉
（一）根据英语提示翻译下列句子
1．两个小时足够我做家庭作业了。(be enough to do ) Two hours is enough for me to do my homework.
2．我盼望着和我父母环游世界。(look forward to )
I look forward to traveling around the world with my parents . 3．我太激动了，一个字也说不出来。(too…..to )
I was too excited to say a word .
4．我们不得不向老师求助。(ask…..for…...)
We had to ask our teacher for help.
5．做早操对你的身体有好处。(be good for )
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
6．据说三分之二的学生喜欢网上聊天。(it is said that …..) It is said that two thirds of students like chatting on line . 7．我明天早上8点钟开车接你。(pick up)
I will pick you up at eight o’clock tomorrow morning .
8．我们的学校坐落于郑州的北部。(be located in …..) Our school is located in the north of Zhengzhou.
9．这种毛衣现在很流行。(in style )
This kind of sweater is in style now .
10. 我很担心你的健康。(be worried about )
I’m worried about your health.
11. 老师让我尽可能早地到学校。(as …..as possible )
The teacher asked me to get to school as early as possible . 12. 不要害怕犯错。(be afraid of )
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes .
13. 他越忙碌越高兴。(the more ….., the more …..)
The busier he is , the happier he will be .
14. 我昨天花了三个小时打扫房间。(spend …..in doing ….)
I spent three hours (in)cleaning the room yesterday.
15. 我们应该好好利用空闲时间。(make good use of )
We should make good use of spare time .
16. 别把你的票扔了。(throw away)
Don’t throw your ticket away.
17. 我希望我能戒烟。(give up )
I hope that I can give up smoking .
18. 多读对你的英语口语有好处。(have an good effect )
Reading more has a good effect on your spoken English . 19. 她太累了，什么都不想做了。(so….. that…..)
She was so tired that she didn’t want to do anything .
20. 他依然没有意识到自己的错误。(be aware of ……)
He was still not aware of his mistakes.
21. 我们正在为即将到来的英语考试做准备。(prepare for )
We are preparing for the coming English exam.
22. 这个工作必须尽快的完成。(must )
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
23. 有多少人申请这份工作？(apply for )
How many people apply for the job?
24. 小男孩指着一个绿色的汽车问那是什么。(point at )
The little boy pointed at a green car and asked what it was .
25. 我们不知道他是否会来。(whether…..or not )
We don’t know whether he will come or not .
26. 他将会参加这个会议。(take part in )
He will take part in the meeting .
27. 我们的生活充满了机遇和挑战。(be full of )
Our life is full of chances and challenges .
28．目前，年轻人在求职上面临很大的压力。(at present, face) At present , young people face great pressure in finding jobs. 29．作为对他帮助的回报，我给他买了个礼物。(in return for ) In return for his help, I bought him a gift .
30. 你和同学相处地怎么样？(get on with)
How are you getting on with your classmates ?
31. 你介意我打开窗户吗？(would you mind …….)
Would you mind my opening the window?
32. 我们喜欢钓鱼。(be fond of )
We are fond of fishing .
33. 这张照片让我想起来我的一个好朋友。(remind …..of )
The photo reminds me of one of my good friends .
34. 我直到天黑才回家。(not…..until )
I didn’t go home until it was dark.
35. 我们的友谊可追述到1990年。(date back to )
Our friendship can date back to 1990.
36. 我相信他可以胜任这份工作。(be capable of )
I believe he is capable of the job.
37. 树木可以阻止土壤被冲走。(prevent …..from …..)
Trees will prevent soil from being washed away
38. 科学和技术在现代社会中起着重要作用。(play a part in )
Science and technology plays an important part in modern society.
39. 由于这次洪水，很多人变得无家可归。(as a result of )
Many people went homeless as a result of the flood .
40. 当你长大后，你想成为什么？(grow up)
What do you want to be when you grow up ?
(二) 根据汉语意思翻译下列句子
1. 我昨天剪发了。I had my hair cut yesterday .
2. 我的父母对我的生活和学习非常关心。My parents show great concern about my life and study .
3. 去机场花了我两个小时的时间. It took me two hours to go to the airport .
4. 这些衣服总共花费你160元。These clothes cost you 160Y uan in total .
5. 他说他把书放在我房间里了。He said he had left his book in my room.
6. 我昨天从机场乘出租车到这儿。I came here from the airport by taxi yesterday .
7. 他为青年人树立了好榜样。He set a good example to young people .
8. 他不认识路，我不得不和他一起走。He didn’t know the way , so I had to go with him . 9．我不会参加那个宴会，除非我被邀请。I will not take part in that party unless I am invited .
10. 谢谢你给我的帮助。Thanks for the help you gave me .
11. 我们为祖国感到自豪。We are proud of our motherland .
12. 明天我们将开会处理这个问题。
We will hold a meeting to deal with the matter tomorrow .
13. 她把所有的钱都给了穷人。She gave away all her money to poor people .
14. 今天天气不错，为什不外出购物呢？It’s fine today, why not go out for shopping ?
15. 从那时起，我们过上了幸福的生活。Since then , we have lived a happy life .
16. 老师告诉我们，地球围绕太阳转。The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun .
17. 那个正在跳舞的女孩是我的妹妹。That girl who is dancing now is my sister.
18. 他的任务是打扫教室。His duty is to clean the classroom.
19. 我们的学校阅览室可以容纳100人。The reading room in our school can hold 100 people .
20. 人们的生活条件正在得到改善。People’s living conditions are being improved .
21. 我习惯于早上6点钟起床。I am getting used to getting up at 6 in the morning .
22. 每年有大约五万人死于和环境污染有关的疾病。
Every year , about 50,000 people die of diseases related to environmental pollution .
23. 根据他所说的，我们已经找到那个丢失的孩子。
We found the lost child according to what he said
24. 多亏有你的帮助，我才能找到回家的路。Thanks to your help , I could find my way home .
25. 对我来说，要下决心是一件很困难的事。To make up my mind is a difficult thing for me .
26. 中国以丝绸而出名. China is famous for silk .
27. 他们不知道如何使用字典。They don’t know how to use the dictionary . 28．他发现学好英语非常重要。He found it important to study English well .
29. 你这样说太没有礼貌了。It is very impolite of you to say in that way .
30. 他的成功使他家人很高兴。His success makes his family very happy .
31. 他一点都不生气。He wasn’t angry at all .
32. 老师生气的问我：“为什么又迟到了？”
The teacher asked me angrily ,“Why are you late again?”
33. 我妈妈月底会过来看我。
My mother will come to see me at the end of this month.
34. 那些想去国外学习的人必须到办公室填表。
Those who want to study abroad should come to the office to fill in a form .
35. 那位教授兼作家正在会议上发言。
The professor and writer is making a speech at/in the meeting .
36. 你认为Mary怎么样？What do you think of Mary ?
37. 朋友可以和你分担快乐和忧愁。Friends can share happiness and sorrow with you .
38. 在同学们的帮助下，我现在可以在课堂上跟得上老师了。
With the help of my classmates , I can follow the teachers in class now .
39. 我是在大街上遇到了他。It was in the street that I came across him .
40. 昨天我给她打招呼时，她假装没有看见我。
She pretended not to see me when I greeted her yesterday .
41. 我很高兴地告诉你我收到了你的礼物。
I am very glad to tell you that I have received your gift .
42. 我们从他身上学到了很多。We learned a lot from him .
43. 无论多么困难，都不要放弃。Never give up no matter how difficult it is .
44. 说起张教授，他在学生中非常受欢迎。As to Professor Zhang ,he is very popular with students .
45. 我想要的不是钱，而是幸福。What I want is not money but happiness.
46. 今晚务必要按时到。Do come here on time tonight.
47. 聪明的人总是设法从失败中汲取教训。Wise men always try to learn something from failure .
48. 汤姆成功地在国外开了一间商店。Tom succeeded in opening a shop abroad .
49. 富人应该帮助穷人。The rich should help the poor .
50. 他很擅长唱歌。He is good at singing .
51. 这条路通向邮局吗？Does this way lead to the Post Office ?
52. 当春节到来时，人们会穿上新衣服去拜访他们的亲戚和朋友。
When the Spring Festival comes , people will put on new clothes to visit their relatives and friends .
53. 不要期待你的朋友为你做任何事情。Don’t expect your friends to do everything for you;
54. 我永远都不会放弃学习英语。I will never give up learning English.
55. 他总是积极帮助别人。He is always active in helping others .
56. 你应该为你刚才所说的话感到羞愧。Y ou should be ashamed for what you have said .
57. 第一次世界大战爆发于1914年。The First World War broke out in 1914.
58. 会议将持续两天。The meeting will last for two days .
59. 这个大楼以它的设计者命名。The building was named after its designer.
60. 我非常高兴代表我所有的同学发言。
I’m very glad to make a speech on behalf of all my classmates .
汉英翻译篇章练习
汉英翻译篇章练习 Practice 1 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。 Practice 2 我想,教师要给学生的,是一把开启知识宝库的钥匙,而不是把学生的脑子变成一个容器。教师的工作是启发学生,通过自己的思考、实践、试验去求得知识,鼓励他们大胆提出问题和不同意见。经过研讨,得出自己的结论,而不是由教师包办代替。 我喜欢那些爱提“怪”问题的学生。提不出问题的,不能算是好学生。 其实,学习就是一个不断出错误和改正错误的过程。年轻人要学,我们自 己也要学。一句话,教育是要使人从无知变成有知,从愚昧变成聪明,从野蛮 变成文明,而不是相反。 就说这流行音乐吧,我就不如年轻人懂得多。我有个习惯,自己不懂得东西，绝不轻易反对,而是努力去学懂它。 你看吧,大街上姑娘们大声谈笑,我行我素；小伙子也穿红戴绿。中国人胆子大起来了，不那么缩头缩脑了。你还能拿年轻人头发长短、裤脚大小来衡量谁是好学生谁是坏学生吗？ Practice 3 我所追求的幸福 在西方流传着一句据说是来自古老中国的谚语，只是我在中国从未听说
英汉互译在线翻译怎样实现
现在英语的重要性相信大家都是有所了解的，特别是外贸工作者对英语的重要性更是深有体会的。同时在学业学习的过程中我们也是会经常遇到一些英汉互译的问题的额，那么我们应该怎样在线实现英汉互译的问题呢？下面就一起来看一下吧。 步骤一：要在线实现英汉互译的问题，我们就需要通过浏览器搜索在线翻译，进入下面这个页面来帮助我们进行实现。 步骤二：通过浏览器进入在线翻译页面后，有两个选项一个是短句翻译的选项，中文150字以内，英文150词以内都支持进行翻译，适合零散短句，日常用语，商贸交流，邮件往来，地址信息等短文本的翻译。
步骤三：还有一个选项是文档翻译的选项，一次只支持翻译一个文档，所支持翻译的文档格式有一下几种：PDF、WORD文档中的图片、扫描件、图纸。但是背景模糊的纯图片无法进行翻译。 步骤四：了解完上面的两个选项后，我们就可以根据需要选择一个选项进入了，下面小编就选择短句翻译的选项，来为大家进行讲解。
步骤五：转入短句翻译的选项后，会出现两个文本框，我们需要在左边的文本框中输入需要进行翻译的语句。 步骤六：语句输入好后，在文本框的上方可以对一些翻译的选项设置，这样可以帮助我们更快的实现翻译。
步骤七：翻译选项设置好后，就可以通过选择开始翻译按钮，对短语进行翻译了。 步骤八：耐心等待短语翻译结束后，翻译结果会在右边的文本框中呈现，我们可以通过文本框上方的复制按钮对翻译后的结果进行复制粘贴，也可以直接通过鼠标选中进行复制粘贴。
英汉互译的实现方法，上面已经为大家分享过了，实现过程简单快速，生活中再遇到关于翻译的问题，就可以用这个方法来进行实现了。
英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻
第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。（王涛2004） ?摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。（俞建村2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。） ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 （1）手法： ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 （2）结构： ?编年史法（chronological method ）： 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法（news lead method ）： 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 （3）语言： ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例： US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷
汉译英在线翻译句子
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
英译汉篇章翻译2
英译汉篇章翻译练习（2） Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”
英译汉翻译的基本程序
一、英译汉翻译的基本程序 1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文，解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨，确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想，如原句的中心意思是什么，有没有褒贬义或寓意，对其中的修饰语的把握等。 2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。 3. 表达。考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。 4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。 二、英汉翻译的基本方法 直译与意译 直译指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译；意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文做相应的调整。如： Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work. 直译：好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要大量的爱和大量的工作。 意译:幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说，在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。 顺译法（又名句型对应法） 顾名思义，顺译法（句型对应法）就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译，这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译，如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。 As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor ,though the prospect interested in me not at all. 作为一个孝顺的儿子，我不得不接收父母的决定，去当大夫，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 3.倒译法 倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。 例1： The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth. 因为月球的引力比地球小的多，所以月球上根本没有水。 例2：The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination. 作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就要被开除。 4.分译法 分译法，又称拆译法，也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。 单词的分译即拆词，将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法常常引起句式上的调整，英译汉中要拆译的词常常是形容词和副词。如： 1
词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻译中的应用
学号: 2009097311 哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文 题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃(副教授) 年级2007级 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院
哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文开题报告 论文题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生姓名刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃（副教授） 年级 2007级 15班 专业英语教育 2011年3 月
说明 本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下，要求学生认真填写。 说明课题的来源（自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务）、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。 若课题因故变动时，应向指导教师提出申请，提交题目变动论证报告。
课题来源： 教师指导下自拟题目 课题研究的目的和意义： 目的： 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法方面有一定的共同点，但差异也是明显的。例如，英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。英语中的许多词，如名词、介词、形容词和副词在汉译时，往往可以译成动词。英语的词汇量很大，它吸收了大量的其他语言中的词汇，如法语、拉丁语、希腊语等。英语中的同义词和近义词很多，一词多义的现象非常普遍。同样，汉语中的同义词和近义词也十分丰富。汉语的词汇没有形态的变化，它主要靠词语、词序以及内在的逻辑关系来表达句子的含义。英语则通过词汇的各种形态变化来表达句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。由于英语和汉语在语法和表达习惯上存在很多差异，因此在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文中某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法。 意义： 翻译是一种跨文化的交流活动。翻译不仅是把一种文字用另外一种文字表达出来，而且还将两种不同的文化进行融合。英语和汉语在语法和词汇表达习惯上存在诸多差异，因此 在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法之一，是翻译技巧中一个重要的组成部分。它的运用会直接影响到译文的质量。掌握了这种翻译技巧，会使译文更自然、更流畅、更符合汉语的表达习惯。只要我们不断学习，不断实践，注意观察，及时总结，我们就会在翻译的实践中逐步学会并掌握好词类转译法。 国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势： 国外： 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。语言是思维的外壳，人类的思维是由存在决定的，而客观存在是可以认识的，因此一种语言所表达的思维内容，用另一种语言重新表达出来也是完全可能的。早在1959年，雅各布森从符号学的观点出发，将翻译分为：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译。但国外对此课题的研究不是特别的多，在词类转译法方面的研究还不充足。A.F. Tytler 曾在 E ssay on principles of traslation中，对词类转译法进行了透彻的分析。 国内： 翻译不仅是把一种文字用另一种文字表达出来, 而且还是两种不同的文化的融合。因此在英译汉时务必要注意一些翻译技巧, 来使两种不同的文化进行交融, 其中较为重要的是词类的转译，国内通过大量的例句说明了在英译汉时词类的转译法的一些技巧运用, 特别是不同词类转译成动词的用法, 强调了词类的转译法在翻译中的重要性。我国的翻译事业有约两千年的光辉灿烂历史，早在西汉哀帝时代，有个名叫伊存的人到中国口传一些简短的佛经经句，但谈不上佛经的翻译。约两千年的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，批判地吸收前人从实践中总结出来的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，发展我们的翻译事业。
《翻译英译汉》word版
翻译——英译汉 英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。 一、翻译技巧一 一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。 (一)重点分析句子结构 其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和 一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语 Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。 2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。 3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语 There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。 (二)确定语法现象和惯用结构 英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如: ?Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) ?The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) ?You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) ?Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完，她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 ) ?It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其 余成分)
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项 ~从细节处把握翻译~ 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词） 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
英译汉-中文译文资料
运用故障树分析方法分析Schoharie小河桥梁垮塌事件Keary H. LeBeau, P.E., S.M.ASCE1; Sara J. Wadia-Fascetti, M.ASCE2 1作者联系方式：邮箱地址：klebeau@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8b7232154.html, 摘要：美国已经发生了一些桥梁坍塌导致人员伤亡的事件。其中一个失败的例子就是什科哈里溪特大桥(1987年)，激发了对桥梁管理有关政策和程序的改善。本文运用事故树分析的方法对桥梁坍塌事件做了详细地审查。故障树是用图形描绘了各种导致恶果的故障的路径。它会将船舶碰撞到火灾等一系列灾难性的事件考虑进去。故障树还提供了定量评估和比较不同的失效机制。分析结果显示，在现实根源中冲刷是桥梁坍塌的根本原因。特别是在类似桥型的桥梁管理知识上，允许存在只专注关键环节的漏洞。对过去的桥坍塌事件的认识提醒着现在的做决策的桥梁工程师和管理人员，要促进公众的安全和结构的保护。吸取经验教训，有助于在未来避免类似的灾难性事件的发生。 CE数据库关键词：桥梁；故障；复原；坍塌 介绍 纵观历史，灾难性的桥梁坍塌事件已经发生，造成人类生命的损失，商业的中断，巨大的维修费用。桥梁是我们国家基础设施的重要环节，必须加以保护，以便为公众提供安全性和可维护性。桥梁的设计应不断提高，维护和复原方案应该保护这些宝贵的资产。对过去发生的桥梁坍塌事件的深入审查，为今天的结构工程师和桥梁管理者提供了宝贵的知识和见解。 本文是介绍使用故障树分析方法分析过去发生的Schoharie小河大桥坍塌事件。除了直观简化地将桥梁作为一个系统，故障树定性描述了导致故障发生的不同路径，对其逻辑关系进行对比分析。建立故障树并对其进行评估来替代故障场景。 故障树模型的桥梁垮塌 故障树提供了一种塑造复杂系统的方法(在这种情况下，该系统是一个桥)，考虑系统不同组成部分之间的相互作用，为建立系统水平的失效概率评价模型提供了一种方法(Sianipar 和Adams 1997；约翰逊1999)。它确定故障路径和关键要素，如桥墩基础。一个故障树的优点是它能够通过图形化描述和布尔代数推出桥梁系统相互的逻辑关系。这座桥可以塑造它的全部，包括元素的相互作用、冗余、恶化的机制，如腐蚀和疲劳，以及环境因素。表1提供了故障树中使用的符号解释。 对桥梁管理的需求和目标而言，关键故障的路径的知识是有用的。物理推理的桥梁设计师运用失效机理的相对重要的信息，能够提高恢复现在桥梁和未来的桥梁的设计。此外，对桥梁状况进行评估时，易出故障的元素对现场监察者来说是很重要的。故障树的状态评估信息也可以决定维修桥梁时的优先次序。 虽然Schoharie小河大桥坍塌事件发生的十分突然，但是桥梁灾难性的瞬间坍塌时没有办法的。下面应用故障树分析法分析Schoharie小河大桥的坍塌来说明事件的恶化，最终导
英译汉篇章翻译5
英译汉篇章翻译练习（5） From this motive I began to think seriously of matrimony, and choose my wife, as she did her wedding gown, not for a fine glossy surface, but such qualities as would wear well. To do her justice, she was a good-natured, notable woman; and as for breeding there were few country ladies who could show more. She could read any English book without much spelling; but for pickling, preserving, and cookery, none could excel her. She prided herself also upon being an excellent contriver in housekeeping, though I never could find that we grew richer with all her contrivances. However, we loved each other tenderly, and our fondness increased as we grew old. There was, in fact, nothing that could make us angry with the world or each other. We had an elegant house, situated in a fine country, and a good neighborhood. The year was spent in moral and rural amusements, in visiting our rich neighbors, and relieving such as were poor. We had no revolutions to fear, more fatigues to undergo; all our adventures were by the fireside, and all our migrations from the blue bed to the brown. As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation; and I profess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it. Our cousins, too, even to the fortieth remove; all remembered their affinity and come very frequently to see us. Some of them did us no great honor by these claims of kindred; as we had the blind, the maimed, and the halt amongst the number. However, my wife always insisted that as they were that same flesh and blood, they should sit with us at the same table. So that if we had not very rich, we generally had very happy friends about us; for this remark will hold good through life, that the poorer the guest, the better pleased he ever is with being treated; and as some men gaze with admiration at the colors of a tulip, or the wing of butterfly, so I was by nature an admirer of happy human faces. However, when any one of our relations was found to be a person of very bad character, a troublesome guest, or one we desired to get rid of, upon his leaving my house I ever took care to lend him a riding-coat or a pair of boots, or sometimes a horse of small value, and I always had the satisfaction of finding he never came back to return them. By this the house was cleared of such as we did not like; but never was the family of Wakefield known to turn the traveler or the poor dependant out of doors.
经典英译汉文章翻译赏析
英译汉文章翻译赏析 时间:2009年06月01日 【英译中选段六】原文（by Robert Frost） The Gift Outright The land was once ours before we were the land’s. She was our land more than a hundred years. Before we were her people. She was ours In Massachusetts, in Virginia; But we were England’s, still colonials, Possessing what we still were unpossessed by, Possessed by what we now no more possessed. Something we were withholding made us weak Until we found out that it was ourselves We were withholding from our land of living, And forthwith found salvation in surrender. Such as we were we gave ourselves outright (The deed of gift was many deeds of war) To the land vaguely realizing westward, But still unstoried, artless, unenhanced, Such as she was, such as she would become. (原载https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8b7232154.html, ) 译文（余光中译）： 全心的奉献 土地先属于我们，我们才属于土地。 她成为我们的土地历一百余年， 我们才成为她的人民。当时 她属于我们，在麻萨诸塞，在佛吉尼亚， 但我们属于英国，仍是殖民之身， 我们拥有的，我们仍漠不关心， 我们关心的，我们已不再拥有。 我们保留的一些什么使自己贫弱， 直到我们发现，原来是我们自己， 保留着，不肯给自己生息之地， 立刻，在献身之中找到了生机。 赤裸裸地，我们全心将自己奉献， （献身的事迹是多次的战迹） 献身与斯土，斯土正浑沦拓展，向西， 但迄未经人述说，朴实无华，未加渲染。 当时她如此，且预示她仍将如是。 （原载《余光中选集第五卷：译品集》，黄维樑、江弱水编选，安徽教育出版社，1999）【英译中选段七】 原文（by Fancis Bacon） Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of
英译汉篇章练习(一)(新闻)
英译汉篇章练习（一）（新闻） 1)“Your friend has ordered a song for you,please dial13XXXX for it.”Have you ever received a similar mobile phone text messages and thought it was a pleasant surprise?Beware,as it may be a costly trick.Starting this month,a nationwide campaign has been launched to fight against this type of scam,said Wu Heping, spokesman of the Ministry of Public Security(MPS)at a press conference on Tuesday. 【参考译文】”你的朋友为你点播了一首歌，请拨13××××收听。”你是否收到过类似的手机短信并认为是一个惊喜。小心了，这可能是一个收费骗局。在周二的公安部新闻发布会上，发言人Wu Heping说，从这月开始，将在全国范围内开展打击此类骗局的行动。 2)What the two Chinese astronauts eat and how they sleep during their119-hour, zero-gravity space odyssey has aroused much attention.Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, who undertook China’s second manned space mission yesterday morning,helped themselves to pineapple-filled mooncakes for breakfast,Reuters reported.The traditional heavy pastries were to the liking of Fei Junlong,who was said to have a sweet tooth,while his partner,Nie Haisheng,apparently prefers spicier fare. 【参考译文】在119小时无重力的太空飞行中，两名中国宇航员吃什么？如何睡觉？这引起了人们的广泛关注。路透社报道，昨天早晨执行中国第二次载人太空任务的F和N早餐吃的是菠萝馅的月饼。这些具有传统浓口味的点心是爱吃甜食的F的最爱，而他的搭档，N显然更喜欢较辛辣的食物。 3)China dropped for the second straight year to No.49from No.44in2003,as the survey said it continues“to suffer from institutional weaknesses which,unless addressed,are likely to slow down their ascension to the top tier of the most competitive economies in the world.”India rose three places to come in just behind at No.50. 【参考译文】中国的排名连续两年下降，从2003年的44位下降到今年的49位。报告指出，中国“制度上的劣势还在继续影响它的排名，如果不解决制度上的弱