大学英语第二单元讲义

大学英语第二单元讲义

sectionA

1、单词讲解

●Endurance忍耐（名词）

同义词 patience

patience,endurance

这两个名词均含“忍耐、耐心”之意。

patience:普通用词，通常指不急不躁的容忍态度或能力。

endurance:侧重指忍受艰辛或痛苦的能。

短语词组

endurance failure疲劳破坏

heat endurance耐热性

cruising endurance巡航续航力

cold endurance耐寒力

cannot endure to do/doing sth 无法忍受做某事

they both endured a bad marriage for the sake of childer.

●Typical 典型的（形容词）

副词:typically

名词:typicalness

normal,ordinary,regular,natural,typical

这些形容词均含“规则的、正常的、正规的”之意。

normal:指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。

ordinary:强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。

regular:指按已有模式的、有规律或定期的。

Natural 侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。

typical:指个体能体现出群体的特征。

【例句用法】

1.She is a typical Taurus/Taurean/has a typical Taurean personality. 她有典型的金牛座性格。

2.The play contains a number of typical Stoppard set pieces.

这出戏里有若干典型的斯托帕特式的场景。

3.This chair is typical of Anthony's way of designing furniture.

这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表。

Moderate 适度的（形容词）

adj.适度的,温和的,稳健的,中等的

v. 节制,使 ... 稳定；使 ... 缓和

n. 稳健的人

词形变化

副词:moderately

名词:moderateness

动词过去式:moderated

动词过去分词:moderated

动词现在分词:moderating

动词第三人称单数:moderates

Evidence 证据（名词）

动词过去式:evidenced

动词过去分词:evidenced

动词现在分词:evidencing

动词第三人称单数:evidence

名词n.

1.证据;证词;证人;物证[U][(+of/for)][+that][+to-v]

He was punished for giving false evidence.

他因作伪证而受到惩罚。

The evidence is very shaky.

这证据相当靠不住。

2.迹象[U][C][(+of)][+(that)]

There are evidences that somebody has been living here.

有迹象显示有人一直住在这里。

3.清楚,明显[U]

及物动词vt.

1.证明

2.显示,表明

Molecule 分子（名词）

Formerly 以前（副词）

I formerly worked in a casual dress environment.

adv.

我以前工作的那个地方对着装没有特别的要求。

辩former preceding previous past

Former指过去的，只用作定语；preceding指顺序时间上在前的，也只作定语；previous后接to，表示在……之前； past

指曾经的。

Protein 蛋白质（名词）

Journal 杂志（名词）

magazine,journal,periodical,publication,newspaper,review,press

这些名词均有“出版物或定期刊物”之意。

magazine:指刊登各种文章、小说、诗歌、评论的杂 newspaper:一般指每日出版的报纸志。press:系报刊总称，也指报界或报业。 review:多指登载评论性文章或讨论重大事件的文章

●calculate 计算（动词）

calculate,count,compute,reckon

这些动词均含有“计算”之意。

calculate:通常指要求细致精确和复杂的计算，以解决疑难问题，多用于自然科学、生产部门或要求专门计算的场合。

count:指逐一计算而得出总数。:通常指较简单的数compute:一般指已有数据的，较简单但数字长的数学运算。

reckon学计算，也可指心算。

短语词组

calculate on vt. 期待(指望, 依靠)

calculate upon vt. 期待(指望, 依靠)

calculate by insp... 观察计算

calculate on/upon 期待, 指望, 依靠

Consume 吃喝（动词）

●Supplement 增补物

n.增刊,补充物

It comes out each week and it has a magazine supplement.

每周出版一期，还附有杂志增刊

vt.增补

She gives private lessons to supplement her income.

她给私人授课以贴补收入。

Compound 复合物（名词） Bounce 弹回

Storage 储存（名词）

The best place for storage of money is a bank.

银行是存钱最好的地方。

Respectively 各自的（副词）

My husband and I got pay rises of 8% and 10% respectively 我丈夫和我分别加薪8%和10%

●Advisable 明智的（形容词）

副词: advisably

名词: advisability

It is advisable to be forearmed.

预作准备是明智的

Ratio 比率（名词）

●yearly 每年的（形容词副词）

同义词 annual adj.每年的, 年度的 annually adv. 每年, 年年 every year 每年

Childbearing 生育（名词） physician 医生（名词）

●Plus 并且 prep.加, 加上 Two plus five is seven 二加五等于七

adj.正的,超过的 5 is a plus quantity 五是一个正数

n.正数,加号, He seems to have mistaken a plus for a minus他似乎把正号误作负号了conj.并且

modify 修改（动词） We have to modify our plan a little bit. 我们得对我们的计划稍加修改

absorb 吸收（动词）

形容词: absorbable

副词: absorbingly

名词: absorbability

动词过去式: absorbed

动词过去分词: absorbed

动词现在分词: absorbing

动词第三人称单数: absorbs

Undo 取消（动词）Would you please undo this knot for me?

你能不能帮我把这个结解开

Restrict 限制（动词） shortcoming 缺点（名词） liable 易出问题的

Leafy 多叶的（形容词） allowance n. 零用钱, 津贴, 限额, 允许,折扣, 考虑Select 选择（动词）

v. 选择, 挑选

Please select a channel to begin with from left.

请从左边选择一个频道。

adj. 精选的, 优等的 n. 被挑选出来的人或物

digest 消化（动词） digestive消化的（形容词） cereal 谷类作物（名词）plentiful 大量的(形容词)

副词: plentifully

名词: plentifulness

Impact n. 影响, 冲击力, 撞击

vt. 挤入, 压紧, 撞击, 对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击, 撞击, 产生影响

derive 取得（动词）vessel 血管（名词）striking 显著的（形容词）

leak 使漏v. 渗, 漏, 泄露n. 漏洞, 泄露

leak, drip

这两个动词均含“滴、漏”之意。

leak: 侧重液体或气体等从容器漏出，或泄漏了消息。

drip: 侧重以点滴形式下落，也指漏出或溢出。

Substance 物质（名词） interfere 干涉（动词）

remedy n. 治疗法, 药物, 补救Warmth is the best remedy for col热疗是治感冒的最好方法

vt. 治疗, 补救, 矫正

2、词组讲解

Bounce back 恢复健康 in general 通常

Up to 多达 tip sb over the edge 使某人受不了

Out of breath 上气不接下气 throw up 呕吐

Go up 上升 interfere with 干扰

Sum up 总结

结合课后练习题

IV

1 bounce back

2 summed up

3 Up to

4 at risk

5 went to zero

6 goes up

7 interfere with

8 derived from

9 In general 10 take in sectionB

1、Now a new day study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.

（1）suggest+（that）+ 主语 +（should）do sth 或 it is suggest that + 主语 + （should）do sth

Eg1.He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.

注意：suggest 不可以加不定式的复合结构.

Eg2.He suggested you to go there tomorrow （×）

（2）suggest + 名词/代词或 suggest + 名词/代词 + to sb

注意：不能说suggest sb sth,也不能加双宾语.

Eg3.we suggest him the plan. （×）

Eg4.We suggest the plan to him.（√）

（3）suggest + doing sth

Eg5.He suggested going out for a walk.

注意：Suggest不可以加不定式.

Eg6.He suggested to go out for a walk （×）

2、“The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance of iron ”

（1）分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都用复数形式。

分数=基数词/序数词

Eg1. 3/4 three fourths或three quarters 1/3 one third或a third

24/25 twenty—four and twenty—fifths

（2）分子与分母之间加in分子在前,分母在后，分子和分母都用基数词.

Eg3. 1/10 one in ten 5/8 five in eight

（3）百分数用基数 + percent表示法.

Eg4. 50% fifty percent

3、“For a women who already has a poor iron status , any additional iron loss from

exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency ”

Tip（sb）over the edge 使（某人）引起显著变化，使进入另一种状态。

Eg1.In order to passed the exam ,they were tipped over the edge into nervous.

Tip over / up （使）跌倒，倾覆

4、For unknown reasons 由于一些未知的原因（用于写作,作插入语,置于句首）For unknown reason / factor / environment

Eg1. For unknown reasons=Because of some unknown reason

Eg2. For unknown reasons ,they didn′t through the security check.

5、The first in the second stage in the third and final stage.

（1）用于文章开始.

To begin with / to start with /in the first /generally speaking

with the (development / progress / growth ) of ( enough / society )……随着（经济/社会）的（发展/进步/增长）

（2)用于文章中部.

表示强调：indeed (的确) certainly /surely (当然) what most important is (最重要的是)

表示递进：also /yet /in addition

表示限制：but / although / however / though / expect for

(3)用于文章结尾

As for as I am concern…据我看来 In my opinion/in beief (简而言之) Finally/eventually/ to sum up/ in a word（总之）

6、Beard and other expects say it is advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves .

it is advisable that …从句中要用（should）加动词原形，表示虚拟语气.或 it is advisable for sb do sth

Eg1.It is advisable that us exercise every day.

7、it is better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet.

It is better to undo sth (某事最好解决的办法是…)

8、Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans.

意为“推荐、介绍”，后可接双宾语

Eg1：recommend sb sth

Recommend doing sth / recommend sb to do sth. Recommend sb for (as) 可接从句，表示虚拟语气.

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