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（1）主语+不及物动词+现在分词/过去分词

说明：1.本句型中的谓语动词由不及物动词充当，分词作状语。

2.现在分词短语作状语时通常表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，起陪衬或修饰作用。

3.过去分词（短语）作状语时，主要修饰谓语动词，表示动作发生的背景与情况。

4.现在分词/过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子是一致的。

例：a）They sat facing each other.他们面对面地坐着。

b）He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。

c）Frustrated，he went back to his home village.他大失所望，回到家乡去。

d）Supported by the people，our troops struck back with guns and grenades.在人民的支持下，我军以步枪和手榴弹进行了反击。

（2）主语+及物动词+动词不定式

说明：1.本句型中宾语由动词不定式充当。

2.本句型中的动词不定式可用被动式和完成式。

3.本句型中的动词不定式可在to前加not或never表示否定。

4.可接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：expect，hope，want，wish，apply，ask，manage，arrage，prepare，agree，promise，trouble，hilp，decline，choose，fail 等。

例：a）He would admire to be a pilot.他喜欢当飞行员。

b）The scientist claims to have discovered a new planet.这位科学家宣称发现了一颗新的行星。

c）They pretended not to see us.他们佯装没有看见我们。

（3）主语+及物动词+动名词

说明：1.本句型中的宾语由动名词充当。

2.动名词因为具有动词特征，故可带有自己的宾语。

3.动名词可用于否定式和完成式

4.只能跟动名词作宾词的动词主要有：avoid，escape，miss，advise，suggest，forbid，prevent，delay，postpone，admit，deny，recall，report，dislike，enjoy等。

例：a）At last she accepted marryinhg him.她最后同意和他结婚了。

b）I can…t afford going to visit my sick sister.我抽不出时间去看望我生病的姐姐。

c）I would advise not buying the house.我建议不要买这幢房子。

（4）主语+及物动词+名词/代词+不带的to的动词不定式

说明：用于本句型的动词不定式有两类：一是感官动词see，find，hear，notice，watch，smell，observe，look at，listen to等；二是某些使役动词，如let，make，have等。

例：a）I…ve never known him tell lies.我从来没有听说他说谎。

b）Mother let me go to camp.母亲让我去参加露营。

（5）主语+及物动词+名词/代词+现在分词

说明：1.现在分词表示一是正在进行的延续性动作或可以不断地反复进行的短暂性动作；二是开始进行的动作。

2.本句型的宾语与宾语补足语具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.常用于本句型的及物动词有：discover，feel，find，hear，keep，look at，leave，observe，paint，see，send，show，start，take等。

例：a）The bell brought people gathering on the square.铃声使人们在广场上集结。

b）She heard the wind blowing and the rain pattering against the windows.她听到了刮风和雨点打在窗子上的声音。

（6）That+句子

说明：1.本句型用于表示没有实现的愿望。

2.That后的句子要用虚拟式。

3.that在本句型中是连词，可视为“I wish that——”，“I regard that——”，“I wonder that——”等的省略。

例：a）That I had never met him.我希望从来没见过他。

b）That he should do such a thing！他竟会干出这种事情来！

（7）Not until+时间状语/从句+did +主语+其他

说明：1.本句型主要是为了加强语气而将主句中的not移至until之前，主句采用倒装语序。

2.本句型有变体“It is not until+时间状语/从句+that+主语从句”，主要是为了强调，通常译作“直到——才”。

例：a）Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子入睡后，母亲才离开房间。

b）It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天我才明白真相。

（8）主语+谓语——+so+形容词/副词+that+结果从句

主语+谓语——+such+（形容词+名词+）that+结果从句

说明：1.句型中的so，such是表示“如此”的意思。

2.第一句型有变体“主语+be+ so+过去分词+that+结果从句”

3.第二句型一般用法是“such+形容词复数名词或不可数名词+that从句”或是“such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句”，表示“这样——（一个）——以至于——”。例：a）The meat was so tough that I simply couldn…t get it down.这肉太老了，我简直咽不下去。

b）He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他说得太快了，使我们不能了解他的意思。

c）He told such funny stories that we all laughed.他是这样滑稽的故事，把我们都逗笑了。

d）He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him. 他是这样一个自私的人，所以没有人帮助他。

（9）主语+谓语+形容词/副词/名词+enough+（for+逻辑主语+）+动词不定式

说明：enough如修饰名词，也可置于名词前。

例：a）The clothes cupboard is big enough for you to walk in.这衣柜大得可容你进去。

b）。There is enough food for eight people食物足够八个人吃。

（10）主语+would/had+ rather+动词原形+than+动词原形

说明：本句型表示主观上的决择，常译作“宁可——”“与其——宁愿——”等。例：a）She would rather spend than save.她有钱宁愿花掉，不肯积蓄。

b）He insisted on staying rather than go.她坚持要留下来，而不愿去。

（11）It is/was +被强调部分+who/that+其他部分

说明：1.当所强调的主语是指人的名词或代词时，须使用who，其余情况均用that.

2.强调时间状语（从句）时不可用when，须用that；强调地点状语（从句）时不可用where，也须用that.

例：a）It is on Tuesday that she will come.她星期二来。

b）I shall remember the day（that ）we met the first time.我将永远记住我们第一次见面的日子。

（12）否定词语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语

说明：1.否定词语置于句首是为了强调否定，可引起部分倒装。

2.本句型中常用的否定词语：at no point，hardly，in vain，little，never，not，nowhere，rarely，scarcely，seldom.

例：a）Hardly did I think it possible.我几乎认为这是不可能的。

b）Nowhere have I seen your bike.我从未见过你的自行车。

c）Rarely did I meet Mr. Eldon.我很少遇上埃尔登先生。

（13）部分谓语动词+虚拟语气形式表达说明：表示要求、建议、命令、假设等动词的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟形式来表达，也就是该从句动词用原形。这些动词有：advise，ask，beg，demand，deserve，desire，determine，insist，move，order，prefer，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest，suppose，urge

例：a）I advise that he go at once. 我劝他马上走。

b）She demanded that we attack at once. 她要求我们立即进攻

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