学生-英译汉翻译练习
句子、段落翻译练习
英译汉部分
I. Sentence Translation
(1) Improve or correct the following translation:
Poor translation due to inaccurate comprehension:
1. This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.
原译：在克服困难上要走很远的路。
改译：
2. Go it while you are young.
原译：去吧，当你年轻的时候。
改译：
3. I could do with more leisure time.
原译：有更多的空闲时间我就能做了。
改译：
4. This failure was the making of him.
原译：这次失败是他造成的。
改译：
5. I wish peace could be saved at the eleventh hour.
原译：我希望第十一点钟和平可以得救。
改译
6. She knew a thing or two about it.
原译：她对此事略知一二。
改译：
(2) Poor translation due to inappropriate representation:
1.This is a 100-hour reliable engine.
原译：这是一台100小时可靠的发动机。
改译：
2. The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.
原译：牛津英语词典是有关英语单词一切问题的最后申诉法院。
改译：
3. Linda is a good singer and a good dancer, a great actress and a great joker.
原译：琳达是一位好歌手、好舞蹈家、一位伟大的演员和伟大的开玩笑家。
改译：
4. Somehow our path took us to the park.
原译：不知怎么搞的，我们的路把我们带到公园了。
改译：
5. How’s the world treating you?
原译：世界如何对待你？
改译：
6. The little chap’s good-natured honest face won his way for him. (Vanity Fair)
原译：这小伙子的老实、脾气又好的脸蛋为他开辟了一条路。
改译：
II. Article usages
The extensive use of English articles poses a big problem for us learners: What article to use? Where to use it? and Where not to use it? Etc. All these involve their usages or meanings. Translate the following pair sentences where there is one with an article and one without an article.
1.She was with a child.
She was with child.
2.They are students of our school.
They are the students of our school.
3.I have lived here for more than a year.
I have lived here for more than one year.
4.Please take a seat.
He took the chair today.
He took the chair of the committee.
5. She had to keep house.
She had to keep the house.
6.He has eaten most apples.
He has eaten the most apples.
III. Translate the following pair sentences and compare them：
1.He is too glad to say anything.
He is only glad to do so.
2.My mother has gray hairs.
My mother has gray hair.
3.No one appeared from anywhere.
They appeared from nowhere.
4.Cloth is made from cotton.
Cloth is made of cotton.
5.We agreed on the terms of the contract.
We agreed to the terms of the contract.
6.He escaped prison.
He escaped from prison.
7.He is home.
He is at home.
8.John is easy to please.
John is eager to please.
9.I will blame you rather than he.
I will blame you rather than him.
IV. Paragraph Translation
1.Pollution
1) Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. 2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with
advancement. 3) Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. 4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land. 5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. 6) Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. 7) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment. 8) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.
2．Intelligent Test
1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term “intelligence” than there is on how to interpret or classify them（还原性增补）. （分译法）2) But it is generally agreed （改为主动句）that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems（调整语序）. 3) An intelligence test is a rough measure （转译成动词）of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. 4) It （还原性增补）does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. 5) It is not supposed—it was（语言结构增补）not designed for such purposes. 6) To criticize it（还原性增补）for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 7) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects （确定词义）provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison（分译法）.
3. Problem with Educational System
1) There are 39 universities and colleges offering degree courses in Geography, but I have never seen any good jobs for Geography graduates advertised. 2) Or am I alone in suspecting that they will return to teach Geography to another set of students, who in turn will teach more Geography undergraduates? 3) Only ten universities currently offer degree courses in Aeronautical Engineering, which perhaps is just as well,in view of the speed with which the aircraft industry has been dispensing with excess personnel. 4) On the other hand, hospital casualty departments throughout the country are having to close down because of the lack of doctors. 5) The reason? University medical schools can only find places for half of those who apply. 6) It seems to me that time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system that will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.
[注释]
dispense with v. 裁减人员
the Department of Employment 就业部
the Department of Education 教育部
4. Key to Success in Business
1) Every successful business is built on superior senses—of timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. 2) None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. 3) A senior executive’s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, indeed, all elements of a company’s strategic posture. 4) People like Bill Gates brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. 5) Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful. 6) But many top-level mangers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff. 7) And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on subordinates’ reports—second-or-third-hand information—to define and sense the market for them.
[注释]
Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨，美国微软公司董事长
bailiwick 工作，事
5. TIME’s Person of the Year
The “Great Man” theory of history is usually attributed to the Scottish philosopher Thomas Carlyle, who wrote that “the history of the world is but the biography of great men.” He believed that it is the few, the powerful and the famous who shape our collective destiny as a species. That theory took a serious beating this year.
The tool that makes this possible is the World Wide Web. It is a tool for brining together the small contributions of millions of people and making them matter. Silicon Valley consultants call it Web 2.0, as if it were a new version of some old software. But it’s really a revolution.（注意代词的复指）
And we are so ready for tit. You can learn more about how Americans live just by looking at the backgrounds of YouTube videos than you could from 1 000 hours network television.（注意比较句的翻译）
……
Who are these people? Seriously, who actually sits down after a long day at work and says, I’m not going to watch Lost tonight. I’m going to turn on my computer and make a movie starring my pet iguana? I’m going to blog about my state of mind or the state of the nation or the steak-fries at the new bistro down the street? Who has that time and that energy and that passion?
The answer is, you do. And for seizing the reins of the global media, for founding and framing the new digital democracy, for working for nothing and beating the pros at their own game, TIME’s Person of the Year for 2006 is you.（注意逗号、介词的翻译）
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考研英语翻译技巧之英译汉 汉英互译一直是考研英语中的难点，小编整理英译汉中常涉及的难点提出一些建议，并以实际案例进行解析，帮助大家掌握英译汉的翻译技巧，快速掌握英译汉，为考研成功进行最后的冲刺。 难点 1.多为长难句 英译汉句子平均的单词量在30个左右，而且结构复杂，修饰成分多，考生很容易因没有理清句子结构而造成翻译得南辕北辙的现象。 2.需要联系上下文来理解词义 考研英语的英译汉是给你一篇文章，然后从中划出5个句子，因此就必须把词句的含义放到原文中来理解，切不可断章取义，有的词语翻译出来的意思与其本意可能会有不同，这正是英译汉要考察的要点之一。 建议 首先要拥有一定的单词量，背单词不能只知道其常用的意思，还应知道其作为其它属性或者完全与本意看似不相关的其他含义，这样才能在联系上下文翻译的时候对单词的含义做到触类旁通;其次，要有对长难句的“免疫”能力，可以在做阅读题的时候，把典型的复杂长难句记下来，试着划分句子结构，做到熟能生巧。最后，平时可以多看一些英文文章，培养一下语感，有助于对句子含义的整体把握。 真题解析 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)(2014年考研英语真题Part C) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music。(46)It is also the reason why when we try to
(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案
（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 （a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。 （King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。 （Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
英译汉句子翻译30分 每题3分
句子翻译题30分（每题3分） 1. He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 他结结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交谈。 2. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 3. Before them lay miles of miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass. 美丽的草原，茵茵的绿草，野生动物成群结队，绵延数英里，展现在眼前。 4. They asked long lists of questions, numerically arranged, about the climate, products, laws, business chances, and statistics of the country in which the consul had the honor of the representing his government. 他们一、二、三、四地列了一个很长的问题表，向那位领事问了一连串的问题，诸如领事派驻国的气候、物产、法律、贸易机会以及种种的统计资料。 5. As the temperature increases, the volume of water become greater. 温度增高，水的体积就增大。 6. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是在文体上。 7. He is a complicated man----- moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
英译汉翻译练习1
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.” 我的爸爸是一个中产阶级的黑人，尽管他出身贫困，但是通过努力工作和牺牲（一句她经常喜爱的话），他获得了中产阶级的地位。并且评价中产阶级的价值的标准主要是看——个人的努力工作，家庭生活，财产的拥有权，对孩子的教育（他的四个孩子都获取了高等学位）。在他的心理，在他的心理使他积极的印象是他的阶级身份，而消极的印象是他的黑色的皮肤，因为这种黑色无处藏身。 无论我能否做到这些价值，我知道我接受他们是终生调节的结果。我也知道我可以分享这些条件和所有的种族的中产阶级，但是分享给我所在的种族却感到并不是那么的轻松。对于中产阶级黑人来说，
英译汉篇章翻译2
英译汉篇章翻译练习（2） Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”
英汉翻译 练习题
Exercise for Advanced English-Chinese Translation 2-2 1 (Changing and adding) Sensitive souls: How dogs became man’s best friend No species has developed a closer relationship with humanity than the dog. (Though cat-lovers may disagree.) But that relations hip‘s basis—what it is about dogs that allows them to live at ease with people—is still little understood. After all, dogs are descended from wolves, which are big, scary carnivores that would certainly have competed with early man for prey, and might not have been averse to the occasional human as a light snack. Unless specifically bred for fighting, dogs are more docile than wolves, so that is clearly part of the answer. But mere docility cannot account for why people like to have dogs in their homes. Sheep are docile, but few people keep them as pets. Brian Hare, of Harvard University, thinks he knows. And, as he told the AAAS meeting in Seattle, it does not reflect well on the intelligence of mankind‘s closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Dr Hare‘s h ypothesis is that dogs are superbly sensitive to social cues from people. That enables them to fit in with human society. On one level, this might sound common sense. But humans are such sociable animals that they frequently fail to realize just how unusual are their own skills at communicating. Dr Hare therefore decided to test his idea by comparing the abilities of dogs with those of chimpanzees, which are often regarded as second only to people in their level of innate intelligence. His experiment was simple. He presented his animal subjects with two inverted cups. Then he hid the cups behind a screen, put a small piece of food under on of them, and took the screen away. The animal had to choose which cup to look under. If the experimenter gave no clue, both species got it right 50% of the time, as what would be expected. However, if he signaled in some way which was the right cup, by pointing at it, tapping it, or even just gazing at it, a dog would choose correctly every time, while a chimpanzee would still do only slightly better than chance. Chimps simply did not get the idea of social signals of this sort. However many times the experiment was repeated. Having established, to his own satisfaction at least, that his hypothesis was correct, Dr Hare asked the next logical question—how did this skill originate? He had three more hypotheses. （392） 2 How to Avoid Foolish Opinions Bertrand Russel To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don‘t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事 项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项 ~从细节处把握翻译~ 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，因此一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。二是中文表示难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，因此，我们必须经过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表示规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表示的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指
一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义一般能够从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .她们相似极了。（形容词）He likes mathematics more than physics .她喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词） 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。He is the last man to come .她是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .她最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪她。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常见的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死