【英语】高三英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)含解析

【英语】高三英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Stories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else?

To revive (复兴)literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers (分发机)in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.

Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the company and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.

"Everything old is new again," said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. "We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.

Here's how a dispenser works: It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of more than 100,000 original submissions by writers whose works have been evaluated by Short Edition's judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like children's fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contests.

Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. "The idea is to make people happy," said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, "There is too much unhappiness today."

（1）What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers?

A.They are expensive.

B.They are short in form.

C.They can be read on smartphones.

D.They are mainly taken from magazine literature.

（2）Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America?

A.In paragraph 3.

B.In paragraph 4.

C.In paragraph 5.

D.In paragraph 6.

（3）Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nurkin?

A.To get rid of people's smartphone addiction.

B.To reduce the financial stress of libraries.

C.To make people have access to literature.

D.To advertise the network literature.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Online Reading: a Virtual Tour

B.Short Edition, a French Publisher

C.Everything Old Will Be Popular Again

D.Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商Short Edition 过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when a button is pushed, a short story is printed”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he …placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.”可知，在旧金山的Cafe Zoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。在佛罗里达州有一些小说分发机。在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.”可知，Andrew Nurkin说：“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。”因此，在Andrew Nurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。故案选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Stories are shared in many ways. They are described…”可知，文章提出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“Short Edition… has set up more than 30 story dispensers in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.”可知，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The Women's Institute is urging supermarkets to do more to help consumers reduce their home food waste, after a survey of its own membership showed widespread confusion about “best before” and “use by” labeling(标签) on packaging.

Its new analysis of products on supermarket shelves found that “once-opened” instructions were often contradictory and often failed to make clear whether they were a guide to food safety or quality. Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety.

In its report on food waste, the WI said supermarkets were “potentially contributing to home food waste by leading customers to buy more food than they need, and giving conflicting and confusing on-pack information that leaves customers unsure about how long a product remains safe to eat in the home setting”. The 42-page report is part of the WI's ongoing campaign to reduce food waste. To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn advising consumers to eat it within one day of opening, while a similar tin from Waitrose gave consumers two days to finish it. Green Giant sweetcorn, however, has no specified date for eating once opened.

Marylyn Haines Evans, chair of the Women's Institute's public affairs said: “WI members are some of the more informed members of society about food and cookery, but they are still confused about food labelling and 'once-opened' information. So we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent, and completely remove once-opened instructions on products where food safety is not an issue.”

（1）What mainly leads to food waste according to WI?

A. Poor quality of food.

B. Attractive packaging of products.

C. Competition among supermarkets.

D. Consumers' confusion about on-pack information.（2）Which of the following can inform you of food safety?

A. B.

C. D.

（3）Why are the three supermarkets mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A. To attract more consumers.

B. To compare their products.

C. To comment on their service.

D. To make WI's report convincing.

（4）What does Evans suggest supermarkets do about reducing food waste?

A. Extend life of a product.

B. Turn to well-informed WI members.

C. Give consistent once-opened instructions.

D. Remove instructions on product packaging.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了妇女机构强烈建议超市采取帮助消费者减少食物浪费的措施，比如延长消费者在家中使用产品的时间，使他们所有曾经打开的关于产品包装的说明一致。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段"Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，消费者对于食品包装上信息的混淆是导致食物浪费的原因。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，use by信息才是食品安全的决定性指导因素。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是为了更好的说明这一问题，即使文章更具说服力。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段"we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent,"可知，为了减少食物浪费，超市可通过使包装带上的信息一致来达到这一目的。故选C。

3．阅读理解

Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.

However studies have also shown that music, especially certain tones can reduce stress. Music can change brainwave patterns, deepen breathing, and bring on a totally stress-free and more open mindset（心态）. Using music to relax when considering a particular problem may not only raise your mood, but also could help you reach that "a-ha"moment and find a solution.

Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good, but also, to be a great motivator. For example, during exercise, listening to music can keep you going, or get you to exercise more

by helping you to ignore negative feelings of tiredness and focus on the pleasurable feelings you get from being absorbed in the music.

Music is mainly used to record emotion. When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level. That can be sad, and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up? On the contrary, we can share in the delight of songs of joy and happiness, or any song or piece of music that reminds us of a particular happy time in our past.

So next time you are feeling down, put on Beethoven' s Ode to Joy, I bet you will feel a lot better about whatever it was that was bothering you!

（1）We can infer from the first paragraph that music can

A. benefit you in many ways

B. promote you to find more questions

C. change the patterns of your lifestyle

D. influence your attention to a problem

（2）The author wrote the second paragraph mainly to

A. tell us a story

B. make some comments

C. give us an example

D. list some facts （3）When we enjoy a piece of sad music,

A. we'll share the artist's feelings deeply

B. we may recall our miserable past

C. we may be reminded of particular joy

D. we'll show mercy on the artist's life

（4）What's the best title of the text?

A. What music means to a music lover

B. Why people love happy music

C. What kind of music is popular

D. How music changes your life

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐怎样改变人们的生活。

（1）考查推理判断题。根据第一段Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.可知音乐对我们有积极的作用，故答案选A。

（2）考查主旨大意题。通读第二段主要将了音乐能缓解人的紧张，接着通过举例的方法来证明这一观点，所以这一段主要是在举例。故答案选C。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据第四段Music is mainly used to record emotion. When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level. That can be sad, and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up?可知音乐是用来记录情感的，听悲伤的音乐可以让人回忆起悲伤的经历。故答案选B。（4）考查主旨大意题。根据每一段的第一句话music, especially certain tones can reduce stress；Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good, but also, to be a great motivator.；Music is mainly used to record emotion.可知文章主要讲述了音乐对人的影响，故答案选D。

【点评】主旨大意题解题技巧：1．首先要找出文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主

题句所表达的主题思想的。2．在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

4．阅读理解

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.

"This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,"says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada."In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them."

Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.

Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

“The res ults suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,"says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.

（1）The study shows that______.

A. physical activity is important for physical health

B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth

C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms

D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older

（2）How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes.

B. By giving an example.

C. By describing the process.

D. By showing differences.

（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Exercise.

B. Development.

C. Benefit.

D. Study.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

A. Negative.

B. Objective.

C. Critical.

D. Doubtful.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对实验鼠的实验，发现了动物在年轻时运动越多，老年时的记忆力就越好。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A。

（4）考查观点态度。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

In Shanghai's Grand Theater, a fashionable, mainly young audience applauds enthusiastically as Guo Yong takes center stage. He holds a large bushy tree branch with leaves. Blowing on one of the leaves, he produces a sound like the singing of birds as he plays a traditional Buyi folk song. Some other musicians are also playing the traditional instruments from various ethnic groups in China.

It's the first time such music has ever been performed in the Grand Theater. But all this is the efforts of Zhu Zheqin, a Cantonese-born singer; who has made it her mission to help preserve China's traditional ethnic music.

Several years ago, after being appointed a United Nations Development Program ambassador, Zhu traveled through some of China's remotest regions in an attempt to document the traditional music of various minority groups. In the course other four- month trip, she recorded more than a thousand songs. But she noticed that many of the best musicians were old, and some of the music was at risk of dying out.

"I was shocked the beauty of what I heard-it was so good," she says. "But it needed support. I hope to let people see the beauty of these things in the contemporary times."

So Zhu decided to introduce some of the musicians to a wider audience. By doing this, she hopes to rekindle (再次点燃) the interest of the younger generation. "Young people don't like this music much; they prefer pop music and love songs. They think these songs are something their grandma sings. This kind of repackaging gives young people a new door into their heritage." Zhu believes China needs to look again at its own roots. "China today is basically all Western art; in our conservatories (音乐学院) Western classical music is the top," she says. "For China to really contribute to the world, we need to go on our own path. So what can represent China

today?" The answer, she suggests, is to move from "made in China" to "created in China".

（1）From the first paragraph, we learn that ________.

A. the audience are all young people

B. Guo Yong is playing the Buyi folk music

C. Guo Yong is the only minority performer on the stage

D. tree branches make good musical instruments

（2）Which of the following is TRUE of Zhu Zheqin?

A. She teaches music in a conservatories.

B. She is helping preserve Chinese ethnic music.

C. She works as an official in the United Nations.

D. She's created all the music for the Grand Theater.

（3）Zhu Zheqin traveled to some of China's remotest regions to ________.

A. record the traditional ethnic music

B. help the local musicians play the music

C. show the UN Chinese musical traditions

D. enjoy the music of various ethnic groups

（4）What is Zhu Zheqin's idea about Chinese traditional music?

A. It is completely out of date.

B. Only old musicians play it well.

C. It needs changes to attract young people.

D. It is quickly dying out.

（5）What does Zhu Zheqin mean in the last paragraph?

A. The traditional music should be repackaged.

B. Chinese conservatories shouldn't teach Western music.

C. China has contributed a lot to the Western art.

D. Only the things created in China can be symbols of China.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了歌手朱哲琴将中国少数民族传统音乐整理再包装后向年轻人推广，并呼吁重视传统、找到真正能代表本民族的东西．

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Blowing on one of the leaves，he produces a sound like the singing of birds as he plays a traditional Buyi folk song”可知，Guo Yong演奏的是布依族的民族音乐。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But all this is the efforts of Zhu Zheqin，a Cantonese-born singer，who has made it her mission to help preserve China's traditional ethnic music.”可知，朱哲琴致力于保护中国的传统音乐。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Zhu traveled through some of China's remo test regions in an attempt to document the traditional music of various minority groups”可知，朱哲琴去中国偏僻地区旅行是为了尝试记录各个少数民族的传统音乐。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段朱哲琴的话以及第五段中的“This kind of repackaging gives young people a new door into their heritage”可知，为获得年轻人的兴趣，这些歌曲被重装包装了。因此推断朱哲琴认为传统音乐需要改变以便吸引年轻人的注意。故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So what can represent China today? The answer, she

suggests, is to move from ‘made in China’ to ‘created in China'.”可知，最后一段谈到"什么能够代表中国"，然后又提出答案是由"中国制造"转变为"中国创造"，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens

Visitor Information

How to Get to Holker

By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester----1 hour 30 minutes.

By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

Opening Times

Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.

Admission Charges

Hall & Gardens Gardens

Adults:￡12.00￡8.00

Groups￡9￡5.5

Producers: Market 13th April

Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.

Holker Garden Festival 30th May

The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.

National Garden Day 28th August

Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.

Winter Market 8th November

This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.

（1）How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?

A. 20 minutes.

B. 25 minutes.

C. 45 minutes.

D. 90 minutes.（2）How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?

A. ￡12.00.

B. ￡9.00.

C. ￡8.0.

D. ￡5.50.

（3）Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?

A. Producers' Market.

B. Holker Garden Festival.

C. National Garden Day.

D. Winter Market.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据How to Get to Holker部分中By car里的“Approximate travel times”面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据Admission Charges可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9英镑。故选B。

（3）考查细节理题。根据Winter Market部分中的“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.”可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游指南，要求考准确在捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.

One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.

Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.

Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.

Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.

Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer's theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.

According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.

The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Matt ias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK's University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”

As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University's paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It's only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.

（1）Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?

A. Alfred Romer.

B. Charles Darwin.

C. Hannah Byrne.

D. Steven Balbus.

（2）Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?

A. There were larger oceans.

B. Earth was closer to the moon.

C. The moon gave off more energy.

D. Earth was under greater pressure.

（3）The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”.

A. found

B. settled

C. abandoned

D. trapped

（4）What is the focus of the article?

A. The arguments over a scientific theory.

B. The proposal of a new scientific theory.

C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.

D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.”和第四段中的“Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs.”可知，是Alfred Romer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“…tides were stronger than they are today. This is b ecause the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.”过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。可知，选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. ”可知，Homer认为海洋生物因为潮汐被迫进入水池；第八段中的“The creatures stranded in th e pools would have been under the pressure of ‘’survival of the fittest, explained Mattias Green,“ 结合两处可知，鱼儿是被迫进入池中，故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家Alfred Romer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Festivals in Wales this spring

There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.

Wrexham, 10-12 May

The annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging（新兴的）musicians across the country, and 2018 sees Welsh Music Prize winner The Gentle Good and Y Selar Best Band winners. Candelas, take the stage.

Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

Whether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in from the saddle（鞍）of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!

Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

The world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes, talks and trapeze（吊杠）（yes, there are even circus performers!）Based in the magical surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for everyone who likes a side of intellectualism（理智主义）with their traditional festival experience.

Lawrenny, 25-28 May

In late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place. Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for four days of “fed good”, leaving your usual routine behind and diving into a delightful mix of workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.

（1）The festivals in Wales are held annually .

A. in early May

B. inside and outside of Wales

C. in rainy or sunny weather

D. for locals only

（2）What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?

A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.

B. You can meet your favorite band winners.

C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.

D. It doesn't last long enough.

（3）Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual. Which festival do you suggest she go to?

A. Wrexham, 10-12 May

B. Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

C. Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

D. Lawrenny, 25-28 May

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的，做的和体验至的项目。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.”可知，威尔士节日不论是雨天还是晴天，都会举行。其中的shine为意为“好天气”与sunny是同义词，rainy是rain的形容词。故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据Aberystwyth, 19-29 May部分中的“all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!”可知，当你在镇里时，去到酒吧内喝点冰凉的啤酒很流行。骑自行车之后你需要它！由此可推断出，活动之后你可以去酒吧喝酒休息，即活动后有地方休息的。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据Lawrenny, 25-28 May部分中的“…Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. …, leaving your usual routine behind …”这个节日本质上就是关于健康健身的，但它不仅仅如此。你可以丢掉你的日常惯例，加入…。由此可知，这个节日的目的就是如果你热爱健身，想体验不同寻常的东西，就可以来这儿。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生准确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Want to fit the best of London in your two-week vacation? Here is a list of the best places you must visit in London. Without visiting these, a trip to this city is no more than just incomplete.

Buckingham Palace Perhaps the most famous palace in the world, Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch (君主). State rooms are open to visitors only during the Palace's Summer Opening, which takes place in most of August and September. However, if you are heading to the palace at a different time, you can witness "Changing of the Guard'', where the guard is changed daily from April to July, and on alternate days from August to March.

British Museum This museum showcases works from the birth of human civilization to the modern age, and has contributions from all continents of the world. The main attractions include the much-debated Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), Mummy of Cleopatra from Thebes, and the Rosetta Stone. Entry to the museum is free.

London Eye The 32 capsules on the London Eye carry many visitors every day. Due to its 360 rotation ability, you can almost see the entire city of London, when you reach the top. Until the Shard's privately-operated deck opened in 2013, the London Eye was the tallest public viewing point.

London Zoo The world's oldest scientific zoo, the London Zoo consists of many different types of animals. This is also one of the best places for children, as you can book a VIP encounter with

the animals for them. And what's more? You can also stay overnight at the zoo in Lookout Lodge.（1）When should you go if you want to visit a state room in the Buckingham Palace?

A.In April.

B.In September.

C.In July.

D.In January.

（2）Which of the following is NOT included in the British Museum?

A.Parthenon Marbles.

B.the Rosetta Stone.

C.Royal Ceremonial Dress Collection.

D.Mummy of Cleopatra from Thebes.

（3）Which statement will the author disapprove of?

A.You can visit the British Museum free of charge.

B.You can witness "Changing of the Guard" every other day in December.

C.You can see the almost entire city of London on the top of the London Eye.

D.You needn't buy a ticket for your kid to enter London Zoo.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了伦敦的几大景点——白金汉宫、大英博物馆和伦敦动物园。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“State rooms are open to visitors only during the Palace's Summer Opening, which takes place in most of August and September.”可知，国事厅只在白金汉宫的夏季开放日对游客开放，开放日是在八月和九月的大多数时间。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The main attractions include the much debated Parthenon Marbles(Elgin Marbles), Mummy of Cleopatra from Thebes, and the Rosetta Stone.”可知，主要景点包括备受争议的帕特农神庙大理石、底比斯埃及艳后和罗塞塔石碑。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This is also one of the best places for children, as you can book a VIP encounter with the animals for them.”这也是孩子们可去的最好地方之一，因为你可以给他们预定一次与动物们的贵宾见面，可知，孩子们参观动物家长可提前预定，故推测动物园并不是免票的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

The summer before my dad died, we moved house. Up until that point, our family had our own space to spread out. Money was tight, so there was no television set, but we owned a turntable on which my dad's records played constantly. Mostly, it played Bob Dylan. Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life. My brother and I, aged 8

and 10, climbed trees, built hideaways and learned the words of Clothes Line Saga. We would chant over the, lost in our own joy.

It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer. He was 36 going on 37 then, the same age as Dylan. Afterwards, our laughter disappeared, but we kept on playing the records, which became our only ritual of remembrance. The two men became so intertwined in my head, I struggled to tell them apart.

Dylan was my dad's gift to me. What child wouldn't be fascinated by songs full of pirates and seasick sailors? How did it feel to have No direction home? Farewell, Angelina became my party-piece. I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience. A lot of donations were made.

Growing up, I remained a fan of the music, but I wasn't obsessed with Dylan until one day in early 1995, my brother bought us both tickets to see him play at Brixton Academy. London felt like a long way to go. But finally seeing Dylan step out onto the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.

I have seen Dylan a couple of times since. My brother is not around so much these days. But he was up for a visit recently. We passed a happy evening laughing and drinking, while his son, aged nine, performed his party—piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us. He sang it word-perfect. And so it goes on: Dylan's music as a gift, passed down the generations.

（1）What's the author's purposed of writing the passage?

A. To praise his late father.

B. To tell about his family history.

C. To express his longing for family reunion.

D. To show his love for Bob Dylan.

（2）The underlined word “ritual” in the second paragraph means “________”.

A. passion

B. ceremony

C. memory

D. belief

（3）How did the author raise money in his childhood?

A. By singing a Dylan's song at church gatherings.

B. By providing cheese and wines to church prayers.

C. By playing a private in church performances.

D. By accepting donations from the church.（4）The recent visit of the author's brother indicates that ________.

A. his nephew was ever invited to play in Dylan's concert

B. his brother has never seen a live performance of Dylan

C. Dylan's music has influenced three generations of his family

D. Subterranean Homesick Blues is always his favourite song

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者表达自己对Bob Dylan的爱．Bob Dylan的音乐影响了很多代人，作者曾经在教堂聚会上唱迪伦的歌来筹集钱。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.”；第二段中的“ we kept on playing the records, which became our only ritual of remembrance. ”以及第三段中的“Dylan was my dad's gift to me.”和最后一段

中的“Dylan's music as a gift, passed down the generations”等信息讲述了作者从小到大一直以来对Bob Dylan的喜欢和热爱，故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。此处指父亲去世后我们的笑声消失了，但我们继续播放Bob Dylan的唱片，这成了我们唯一的记忆仪式。“ritual”指仪式，与ceremony同义，故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the asse mbled audience. A lot of donations were made.”可知作者在童年的时候通过在教堂聚会上唱迪伦的歌来筹钱，故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But he was up for a visit recently. We passed a happy evening laughing an drinking, while his son, aged nine, performed his party—piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.和Dylan's music as a gift, passed down the generations.”可知哥哥带着儿子拜访Bob Dylan及儿子演唱他的歌表明Bob Dylan对作者一家三代人的影响。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac

The book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.

Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera

Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." The book tells a young artist's romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams, and has a relationship. Experience the artist's passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.

The Stories of Sahara, 1967, by Sanmao

The book narrates the author's simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author's romantic and intensive emotion, will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.

Lotus, 2006 by Annbaby

This novel set in Tibet, tells three people's stories, each with their unique characteristics. It reveals modern people's emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration of Buddhism. The book is a good partner to bring you to the sacred land Tibet.

（1）Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?

A. On the Road.

B. Life is Elsewhere.

C. The Stories of Sahara.

D. Lotus.

（2）Whose book could be the most suitable for your trip to Germany?

A. Jack Kerouac's.

B. Sanmao's.

C. Annbaby's.

D. Milan Kundera's.（3）What can we learn from the text?

A. Lotus is a religious book exploring Tibetan Buddhist culture.

B. On the road advises a classic route for driving across the US.

C. The stories of Sahara records its authors' own life in the desert.

D. Life is Elsewhere demonstrates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's own life.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了几本适合在旅行途中阅读的书。

（1）考查细节理解。根据On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac部分中的“After the e xhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life.”可知，在那令人筋疲力尽的旅行之后，书中的人物开始意识到生命的意义，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据The Stories of the Sahara,1967, by Sanmao部分中的“Experience the artist's passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe”可知，Germany（德国）是属于Central Europe（中欧）的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera部分中的“The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.”可知，本书引导人们对当前生活进行深刻地反思，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist. It's a stellar black hole—the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds

This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

"Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."

Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.

The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it "was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said— instead, it could potentially be two

smaller black holes orbiting each other.

Another possibility is that it formed from "fallback supermova." This is when a supernoma—the last stage of an exploding star—ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.

This fallback formation is theoretically possible but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process" for the first time, the study said.

There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger—they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,

Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.

（1）Why does the writer write the article?

A.To report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,

B.To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,

C.To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,

D.To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.

（2）Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?

A.It is the biggest black hole ever discovered.

B.It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.

C.It couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star.

D.Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the "fallback formation theory".

（3）Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.

B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.

C."The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.

D.If "the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了科学家们已经发现了一个“巨型黑洞”，其质量之大，在理论上是不应该存在。但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的黑洞LB-1所推翻。科学家们现在正绞尽脑汁研究LB-1是如何变得如此巨大的，并介绍了几种可能性的理论。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Scientists have discovered a ‘monster black hole’ so massive that, in theory, it should n't exist.”可知，科学家们已经发现了一个“巨型黑洞”，其质量之大，在理论上是不应该存在；再根据第三段“This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chi nese Academy of Sciences.”可知，但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的黑洞LB-1所推翻。根据中国科学院的一份新闻

稿，它位于15000光年之外，质量是太阳的70倍。所以判断出作者写这篇文章的目的是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have‘direct evidence for this process’ for the first time.”可知，如果这就是LB-1的形成过程，那么我们可能首次有了“这一过程的直接证据”。所以LB-1这一发现可能会给“后援形成理论”带来一些突破。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.”可知，因为这些恒星会死亡，它们大部分质量因爆炸而损失，恒星风会把爆炸释放出来的物质和气体吹走。所以如果我们星系中的太阳死亡，它的一部分质量会被恒星风吹走。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.

As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.

Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.

Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.

Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.

If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.

This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.

（1）The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT .

A.the right amount of atmosphere

B.our own solar system

C.steady heat and light

D.the right distance from the sun

（2）Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A.The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.

B.Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.

C.Double stars can provide steady light and heat.

D.The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.

（3）What kind of planet might NOT support life?

A.Most of the planets of the stars.

B.Stars similar to our sun.

C.Planets similar to the earth.

D.Planets with proper conditions.

（4）At the end of the passage the author suggests that .

A.it is impossible for life to exist on planets

B.earthlike life could only exist on a few planets

C.life could exist on only one planet in a million

D.life could exist on a great number of planets

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，整个宇宙都是由同一种物质构成的，物质在宇宙的每一部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，我们有理由猜测，其他恒星，以及它们自己的行星，都是以与我们太阳系相同的方式诞生的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的条件，生命就会出现。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere”；第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light.”以及第五段中“Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun”可知，生命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知，生命也需要稳定的光和热供应。这就排除了双星，或突然爆发的恒星。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First, eliminate those stars tha t are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet.”可知，大部分行星都不能维持生命，因为他们要么离太阳太近，要么离太阳太远，要么与地球大小和重量不一样，而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命确实。故选A。

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