名词性从句精讲精练
一、教学内容
寒假专题：名词性从句精讲精练
名词往往在句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语。
在复合句中，代替名词充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类：
a.连词：that（无任何词意，不作成分，只起连接作用，宾语从句中常可省略）
1) My hope is that she will soon be well again. (表语从句)
我的希望是她能很快康复。
2) Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）
大家都希望她能很快康复。
3) That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）
她能很快康复是我们的希望。
b. whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性，不作成分）
1) Whether he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.(主语从句，不能用if)
2) I went in and asked if/whether they had a cheap suit.
3) I wonder whether/if he will come in such bad weather.
c. 连接代词：what, whatever, which, whichever, (在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，指物)
1) ____he need is more time.
显然，主语从句：he是主语，谓语动词need缺宾语，因此应填what.
2) Tell us ___you saw and heard during your visit to that university.
3) This is not ___I want.
4) ____some people are against is ___other people are for.
5) The question is which team will win.
6) I have two apples, I don’t know which you want.
归纳：what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子；which“哪一个……”一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语，宾语，表语，还可作定语。
d. who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，指人）
1) Who will give us a lecture is unknown.
2) The question is who will come here.
e. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever (在从句中作状语)
1) I have no idea how he learned about it.
2) Where she has gone is not known yet.
3) When he will start is not known yet.
4) This is why he is late.
注意：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
（二）具体分类
一）主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
1) That you are leaving is a pity.
你要走，真遗憾。
2) Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
3) What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
4) Who will win the match is still unknown.
谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
5) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
6) It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句
① It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
② It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语正在被人们接受为国际语言，这是事实。
③ It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。
（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句
① It is certain that she will do well in the exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
② It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
③ Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture.
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句
① It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到了北京。
② It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。
（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句
① It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。
② It happened that I was out that day.
碰巧那天我外出了。
（5）其他情况
① It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来无关紧要。
② It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
③ It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.
她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。
另注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：
a. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, funny, surprising etc.) that …
It is important and necessary that we(should)keep the balance of nature.
我们要维持生态平衡，这很重要而且是必不可少的。
b. It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, et
c.) that…
It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.
真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。
c. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
It’s suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.
有人建议我们再做一次实验。
Exercises:
1. ____ is power is a famous saying known to us all.
A. What knowledge
B. How knowledge
C. That knowledge
D. Where knowledge
2. ___we can’t get seems better than ___we have.
A. What, what
B. What, that
C. That, that
D. That, what
3. ___troubles me is ___I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that
B. What, what C, That, what D. What, that
4. ___you need to improve your listening is more practice.
A. That
B. What
C. Why
D. How
5. Your skirt is really splendid, but ___we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. how
6. ___she couldn’t understand was ___fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; because
答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A
二）表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear，remain等。
1) The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
2) That’s just what I want.
那正是我想要的。
3) The question is whether they will be able to help us.
问题是他们能否帮我们。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
4) This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
5) That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
那就是他不到会的原因。
as if/as though也可以用在连系动词后，引导表语从句。
1) It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去天要下雨了。
2) At that time, it seems as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. because, why引导的表语从句
1) That’s because he didn’t understand me.
那是因为他没有理解我。（That’s because ...强调原因）
2) That’s why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。（That’s why...强调结果）
使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal等。
1) My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2) His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
1. Go and get your coat. It’s ___you left it.
A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there
2. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that___ you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
3. —Are you s till thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s ___.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel
D. when I feel excited
4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ___I got wet enough.
A. It’s how
B. That’s why
C. There’s why
D. It’s the reason
5. ___makes his mother surprised was ___Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that
B. What; because
C. That; what
D. That; because
6. ___made me more surprised was ___the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What; that
B. That; that
C. What; whether
D. It; that
7. See the flag on the top of the building? That was ___we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___I disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B
三）同位语从句
（1）同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。
1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
2) We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有解决。
3) The question whether we need more time to do the work hasn’t been discussed.
我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未解决。
（2）可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
1) The news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
2) The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。
3) I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
注意：当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
1) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。
2) Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school himself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
（3）使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。
1) This is our request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的要求。
2) He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.
他建议我们坐火车去。
（4）有时可用namely, that is to say, in other words, that is, i.e. (=that is), for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。
1) He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。
2) There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.
要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法，那就是多练。
对比与用法
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
① that引导定语从句时，为关系代词，代指先行词，有实际意义，在句子中充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；定语从句对名词加以限制。
② that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。
试比较下面两个例句:
1) I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
2) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. （that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
Exercises:
1.___ is known to us all, William had broken his word ___he would give Tom a rise.
A. As; that
B. It; what
C. It; that
D. As; which
2. What do you think of the suggestion that we ___lunch at the new restaurant?
A. will have
B. are going to have
C. would have
D. have
3. According to Bill Gates, the idea ___we can play video and receive E-mail without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ___it will be on sale and ___it will cost.
A. which; that; what
B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what
D. that; that; how much
4. Along with the letter was his promise ___he would visit me the coming month.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
5. There is a feeling in me ___we’ll never know what a UFO is.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. what
6. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ___road conditions need___.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
答案：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A
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a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us. There is little that I can do for you. b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I 've ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a. 在非限制性定语从句中 She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad. b. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c. 先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time.
高中英语定语从句 --- As 和which 引导定语从句精讲精练
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It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
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