(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇
1
阐述expound(explain), state
引入introduce into
相应的corresponding
概念conception
概论overview
概率probability
概念化conceptualize
宏观的macroscopic
补充complement
规划plan
证明demonstrate, certify, attest
证实confirmation
补偿compensate, make up, imburse
算法algorithm
判别式discriminant
有限元方法finite element method(FEM)
样本单元法sample element method(SEM)
赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM) 赤平投影stereographic projection
干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM) 干扰能量法interference energy method(IEM)
条分法method of slices
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
界面元法boundary element method
模拟simulate
计算程序computer program
数值分析numerical analysis
计算工作量calculation load
解的唯一性uniqueness of solution
多层结构模型laminated model
非线性nonlinear
横观各向同性lateral isotropy
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
非均质性heterogeneity
边界条件boundary condition
本构方程constitutive equation
初始条件initial condition
初始状态rest condition
岩土工程geotechnical engineering,
土木工程civil engineering
基础工程foundation engineering
最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface
交替alternate
控制论cybernetics
大量现场调查mass field surveys
组合式combined type
相互作用interaction
稳定性评价stability evaluation
均质性homogeneity
介质medium
层layer, stratum
组构fabric
1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic
工程地质条件engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形land form
地貌geomorphology, relief
微地貌microrelief
地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit
坡度grade
地形图relief map
河谷river valley 河道river course
河床river bed(channel)
冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook) 河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)
阶地terrace
冲积平原alluvial plain
三角洲delta
古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel 冲积扇alluvial fan
洪积扇diluvial fan
坡积裙talus apron
分水岭divide
盆地basin
岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform
溶洞solution cave, karst cave
落水洞sinkhole
土洞Karstic earth cave
2地层岩性
地层geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性lithologic character, rock property
岩体rock mass
岩层bed stratum
岩层layer, rock stratum
母岩matrix, parent rock
相变facies change
硬质岩strong rock, film
软质岩weak rock
硬质的competent
软质的incompetent
基岩bedrock
岩组petrofabric
覆盖层overburden
交错层理cross bedding
层面bedding plane
片理schistosity
层理bedding
板理（叶理）foliation
波痕ripple-mark
泥痕mud crack
雨痕raindrop imprints
造岩矿物rock-forming minerals
粘土矿物clay mineral
高岭土kaolinite
蒙脱石montmorillonite
伊利石illite
云母mica
白云母muscovite
黑云母biotite
石英quartz
长石feldspar
正长石orthoclase
斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene, picrite
角闪石hornblende
方解石calcite
构造structure
结构texture
组构fabric(tissue)
矿物组成mineral composition
结晶质crystalline
非晶质amorphous
产状attitude
火成岩igneous
2
岩浆岩magmatic rock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山volcano
侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock
深成岩plutonic rock
浅成岩pypabysal rock
酸性岩acid rock
中性岩inter-mediate rock
基性岩basic rock
超基性岩ultrabasic rock
岩基rock base (batholith)
岩脉（墙）dike
岩株rock stock
岩流rock flow
岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith
岩墙rock dike
岩床rock sill
岩脉vein dyke
花岗岩granite
斑岩porphyry
玢岩porphyrite
流纹岩rhyolite
正长岩syenite
粗面岩trachyte
闪长岩diorite
安山岩andesite
辉长岩gabbro
玄武岩basalt
细晶岩aplite
伟晶岩pegmatite
煌斑岩lamprophyre
辉绿岩diabase
橄榄岩dunite
黑曜岩obsidian
浮岩pumice
火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate
凝灰岩tuff
沉积岩sedimentary rock
碎屑岩clastic rock
粘土岩clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone
化学岩chemical rock
生物岩biolith
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
砂岩sandstone
石英砂岩quartz sandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone
泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
盐岩saline
石灰岩limestone
白云岩dolomite
泥灰岩marl
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous
砂质arenaceous
泥质argillaceous
硅质的siliceous
有机质organic matter 粗粒coarse grain
中粒medium-grained
沉积物sediment (deposit)
漂石、顽石boulder
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
砂sand
粉土silt
粘土clay
粘粒clay grain
砂质粘土sandy clay
粘质砂土clayey sand
壤土、亚粘土loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam
浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)
黄土loess
红土laterite
泥灰peat
软泥ooze
淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物（层）alluvion
冲积的alluvial
洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的diluvial
坡积物（层）deluvium
残积物（层）eluvium
残积的eluvial
风积物（层）eolian deposits
湖积物（层）lake deposits
海积物（层）marine deposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium
残积粘土residual clay
变质岩metamorphic rock
板岩slate
千枚岩phyllite
片岩schist
片麻岩gneiss
石英岩quartzite
大理岩marble
糜棱岩mylonite
混合岩migmatite
碎裂岩cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造geologic structure
结构构造structural texture
大地构造geotectonic
构造运动tectogenesis
造山运动orogeny
升降运动vertical movement
水平运动horizontal movement
完整性perfection(integrity)
起伏度waviness
尺寸效应size effect
围压效应confining pressure effect
产状要素elements of attitude
产状attitude, orientation
走向strike
倾向dip
倾角dip angle, angle of dip
褶皱fold
褶曲fold
单斜monocline
3
向斜syncline
背斜anticline
穹隆dome
挤压squeeze
上盘upper section
下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距separation
相交intersect
断层fault
正断层normal fault
逆断层reversed fault
平移断层parallel fault
层理bedding, stratification
微层理light stratification
地堑graben
地垒horst, fault ridge
断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation
断裂fracture
破碎带fracture zone
节理joint
节理组joint set
裂隙fissure, crack
微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage
原生裂隙original joint
次生裂隙epigenetic joint
张裂隙tension joint
剪裂隙shear joint
卸荷裂隙relief crack
裂隙率fracture porosity
结构类型structural pattern
岩体结构rock mass structure
岩块block mass
结构体structural element
块度blockness
结构面structural plane
软弱结构面weak plane
临空面free face
碎裂结构cataclastic texture
板状结构platy structure
薄板状lamellose
块状的lumpy, massive
层状的laminated
巨厚层giant thick-laminated
薄层状的finely laminated
软弱夹层weak intercalated layer
夹层inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层clayey intercalation
夹泥inter-clay
连通性connectivity
切层insequent
影响带affecting zone
完整性integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality
破碎crumble
胶结cement
泥化argillization
尖灭taper-out
错动diastrophism
错动层面faulted bedding plane
断续的intermittent 破碎crumble
共轭节理conjugated joint
散状loose
透镜状的lens-shaped a.
岩石碎片crag
岩屑cuttings, debris
薄膜membrane, film
层理stratification
高角度high dip angle
缓倾角low dip angle
反倾anti-dip
互层interbed v.
Interbedding n.
起伏的unplanar
波状起伏的undulate, undulating
粒径particle size
构造层tectonosphere
挤压compression
均一的homogeneous
剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone
切割dissection
切割的dissected
致密close, compact
构造岩tectonite
糜棱岩mylonite
断层角砾岩fault breccia
方解石脉calcite vein
碎块岩clastic rock
角砾breccia
岩粉rock powder
岩屑debris, debry
固结consolidation
定向排列oriented spread
构造应力tectonic stress
残余应力residual stress
4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions 水文循环hydrologic cycle
大气圈atmosphere
水圈hydrosphere
岩石圈geosphere
地表径流surface runoff
地下径流subsurface runoff
流域valley, drainage basin
流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area
地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water
大气水atmospheric water
气态水aqueous (vapour) water
液态水liquid water
固态水solid water
上层滞水perched water
潜水phreatic water
承压水confined water
吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium
空隙void
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力hydrodynamic pressure
4
渗透力seepage pressure
外水压力external water pressure
内水压力internal water pressure
水力联系hydraulic interrelation
水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient
水头损失water head loss
渗透途径filtration path, seepage path
渗透系数penetration coefficient
潜水位water table level
水位water level, stage level
水头water head
含水层aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard
滞水层aquiclude
透水层permeable layer, pervious layer
不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude
潜水含水层phreatic aquifer
承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer
承压面bearing surface
潜水面phreatic surface, water table
浸润线phreatic curve
不透水边界impervious boundary
地下分水岭groundwater ridge
粘滞性viscosity
富水性abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching
反滤层inverted gravel filter
水锈incrustation
渗滴seep
饱和saturation, saturated
潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level
气象因素meteorological factor
饱水带zone of saturation
包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration
包气带水aeration zone water
上层滞水perched water
孔隙水pore water
裂隙水fissure water
岩溶水karstic water
结合水bound water, combined water
吸着水hydroscopic water
薄膜水pellicular water
毛细水capillary water
重力水gravitational water
凝结水condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验packer permeability test
抽水试验pumping test
5物理力学性质
物理力学physical mechanics n.
Physico-mechanical a.
屈服准则yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则V on Mises yield criteria
朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory
剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model
邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model
本构方程constitutive equation
局部剪切破坏local shear failure
整体剪切破坏general shear failure
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数factor of safety
埋深embedment depth
试件coupons
挠度deflection
里氏震级Richter scale
设计烈度design intensity
基本烈度basic intensity
场地烈度site intensity
地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale
卓越周期predominant period
持力层sustained yield
超载surcharge
围岩压力surrounding rock stress
附加压力superimposed stress
应力松弛stress relaxation
应力路迳stress path
卸荷unload
渗透率specific permeability
饱和度degree of saturation
含水量moisture content
平均粒径mean diameter
颗粒grain, granule, particle
颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,
grain composition, size distribution
级配graduation,
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,
variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级gradation, size grading
孔隙水pore water
孔隙比void ratio (ration)
空隙率air voids
孔隙率porosity
裂隙率crackity
溶隙率karstity
密度density
重度unit weight, bulk weight
浮重度buoyant unit weight
折减系数reduction factor
压力消散dissipation of pressure
抗力系数coefficient of resistance
软化系数softening coefficient
含水量water content
稠度consistency
塑限plastic limit
液限liquid limit
塑性指数plasticity index
液性指数liquidity index
流变rheological
蠕变creep
塑性plastic
脆性brittleness(fragility)
粘性stickness
刚性rigidity
弹性的elastic
粘弹性viso-elasticity
弹塑性elasto-plasticity
压缩性compressibility
均质性homogeneity
非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
总应力total stress
5
有效应力effective stress
超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
抗压强度compressive strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗剪强度shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght
峰值抗剪强度peak share strength
长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength
残余抗剪强度residual shear strength
负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown
摩擦角angle of friction
内摩擦角angle of internal friction
外摩擦角angle of external friction
内聚力cohesion
粘聚力cohesion
假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion
粘着力adhesion
摩尔圆Mohr’s circle
包络线envelope
休止角angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值peak
模量modulus
弹性模量modulus of elasticity，
Young’s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量modulus of compressibility
变形模量modulus of deformation
卸荷模量unloading modulus
切线模量tangent modulus
剪切模量shear modulus
割线模量secant modulus
旁压模量pressurmeter modulus
泊松比poisson’s ration
固结consolidation
固结系数coefficient of consolidation
固结度degree of consolidation
超固结比over consolidation ration
应变strain
压缩比compressibility ratio
压缩系数coefficient of compressibility
压缩指数compression index
初始曲线virgin curve
正常固结土normally consolidated soil
欠固结土under-consolidated soil
超固结土over-consolidated soil
被动土压力passive earth pressure
主动土压力active earth pressure
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
覆盖压力overburden pressure
初始应力initial stress
地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field
有效应力effective stress
动应力dynamic stress
动荷载dynamic load
偏心荷载eccentric loads
循环荷载inclined loads
地应力ground stress, geostatic stress
初始应力initial stress
应力场stress field
纵波longitudinal wave
液化势liquefaction potential
液化指数liquefaction index
交角angular 岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance
容许承载力allowable bearing capacity
临塑压力critical pressure
接触压力contact pressure
6工程地质问题
工程地质问题engineering geological problem
定性评价qualitative estimate
定量评价quantitative estimate
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition
风化weathering
变形deformation
位移displacement
不均匀位移differential movement
相对位移relative displacement
沉陷settlement
山崩avalanche, toppling
崩塌toppling, toppling collapse
滑坡、地滑creep, slide
切层滑坡insequent landslide
深层滑坡deep slide
浅层滑坡shallow slide
顺层滑坡consequent landslide
滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带sliding zone
滑床slide bed
滑坡体slide(sliding) mass
古滑坡fossil landslide
推移式滑坡slumping slide
牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide
管涌piping, internal erosion
渗漏leakage
流砂quicksand
渗流seepage
液化liquefaction
7工程勘察engineering investigation
工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation 岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation
工程地质条件engineering geological condition 工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation 勘测survey
岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction
岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation
程序（步骤）procedure
勘察阶段investigational stage
选点踏勘reconnaissance
初步设计primary design
初步规划preliminary scheme
初步勘探preliminary prospecting
初步踏勘ground reconnaissance
可行性研究阶段feasibility stage
初步设计阶段preliminary stage
施工阶段construction sage
踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘geological survey
工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping 钻探borehole operation, boring
物探geophysical exploration
洞探exploratory adits
钎探rod sounding
6
坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
天然建材调查
natural materials surveying (examination) 岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report 鉴定identification, appraisal
鉴定书expertise report
鉴定人identifier, surveyor
校核verification
总监chief inspector
比例proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
工程地质图engineering geological map
实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section) 构造地质图geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map
地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展示图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界线strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface
坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot)
勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
平洞adit
竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽exploratory trench
探井exploratory pit
钻孔borehole, drill hole
机钻孔ordinary drill hole
套钻孔sleeve drill hole
管钻孔pipe drill hole
岩芯core
岩芯钻探core drilling
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling
冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling 钢砂钻探shot drilling
铁砂钻进iron shot drilling
跟管钻进follow-down drilling
振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
单动式single acting
双层double layer
空气钻探air flush drilling
钻机drilling rig
钻头drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头auger
勺钻spoon bit
冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头bucket auger
钻杆drill rod 套管casing
岩芯管core barrel
冲洗掖flush fluid
正循环冲洗direct circulation
反循环冲洗reverse circulation
泥浆mud, slurry
泥皮mud cake
护壁dado
止水seal, water seal
扫孔cleaning bottom of hole
钻进drilling
平硐adit
竖井shaft
钻探drilling boring
8工程地质试验
击实试验compaction test
压缩试验compression test
固结试验consolidation test
单轴试验uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验in-situ shear test
单剪试验simple shear test
直剪试验direct shear test
慢剪试验slow test
单剪试验simple shear test
快剪试验quick test
三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test
动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test
不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)
固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test) 固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试in-situ test
现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection
观测孔observation borehole
静力触探试验cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test
标贯试验standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test
检层法up-hole method, borehole method
旁压试验pressuremeter test
动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test
岩石试验rock test
应力解除法stress relief method
应力恢复法stress recovery method
套孔法over-coring method
9岩土体加固
掌子面breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face
顶拱vault
底拱invert
洞室开挖excavation
超挖overbreak
风钻pneumatic drill
开挖断面excavated section
塌落slump
细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate
细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment
7
料场stock ground
土料earth material
矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag 性能function, performance, property, nature 凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation 合格qualified, on test, up to standard 初凝initial set
初凝时间initial setting time
终凝final set
配合比mix proportion
塌落度slump
水化热heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat
水灰比water-cement ratio
粉煤灰fly ash
梅花状quincuncial pattern
喷射shotcrete
浇注pouring
钢筋网coiremesh
加固reinforce
锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt
锚索anchored cable
锚紧端anchor station
锚桩anchored peg
采石场rock quarry
开挖excavation
清基cleanup foundation
明挖open-cut
爆破explosion
光面爆破smooth blasting
预裂法presplitting
10 水工概论
坝址toe of dam
坝踵heel
坝段monolith
坝顶crest
坝肩shoulders
左坝肩left dam abutment
副坝saddle dam
三坝址the third dam site
标高height mark
上游水位headwater
正常库水位normal reservoir level
地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)
压力隧洞pressure tunnel
无压隧洞gravity tunnel
交通洞access tunnel
灌浆洞grouting tunnel
明流洞free-flow tunnel
孔板洞orifice tunnel
排砂洞sediment tunnel
尾水洞tailrace tunnel
排水洞drainage tunnel
导流洞diversion tunnel
隧道tunnel
围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock
围岩应力secondary stress static
应力集中stress concentrate
覆盖层over burden
冒顶cave in, roof fall
底鼓bottom heave
回弹rebound
岩爆rock burst 冻结法freezing method
超载over break
衬砌lining
围堰cofferdam
堤dike
近坝岸坡abutments
施工（收缩）缝construction joint
心墙core
截水墙cutoff wall
防渗墙diaphragm wall
排水井drainage wells
排水幕drainage curtain
减压井relief wells
反滤层filter zone
灌浆材料grout
水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing
帷幔线curtain line
上游围堰upstream cofferdam
混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall
截流interim completion
导水墙channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘lined plunge pool
隔墙divider walls
混凝土护坦concrete apron
副厂房auxiliary power house
闸门室gate chamber
中闸室mid gate chamber
开关站switch yard
电梯井elevator shaft
尾水渠tail race
非常溢洪道emergency spillway
11桥梁及基础工程
江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge
悬索桥suspension bridge
锚碇anchorage
重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage
北锚碇前（后）锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage
塔墩tower
墩pier
散索鞍splay saddle
猫道footbridge
主缆main cable
索股cable strand
主鞍main saddle, tower saddle
主跨main span
边跨side span
引桥approach
钢箱梁steel box main girder
埋深embedment depth
北塔墩基础north tower base
基础foundation, footing
浅基础shallow foundation
深基础deep foundation
联合基础combined footing
筏形基础raft(mat) foundation
钢模steel form
桩pile
基桩foundation pile
群桩pile groups
桩基础pile foundation
桩承台pile cap
高桩承台high-rise pile cap
低桩承台buried pile cap
摩擦桩friction pile
端承桩end bearing pile
嵌岩桩socketed pile
板桩sheet pile
旋喷桩jet-grouted pile
灌注桩cast-in-place pile
沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile
支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles
刚性桩rigid pile
柔性桩flexible pile
侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile
轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile
预制桩precast concrete pile
振动打桩vibratory pile driving
振动钻进vibratory drilling
沉箱caisson
沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson
地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall
支撑bracing
超载surcharge
接触应力contact pressure
井点降水well-point dewatering
桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile
承载力bearing capacity
阻力resistance
桩端阻力end resistance
表面摩擦力skin friction
粘着系数adhesion factor
负摩擦力negative skin friction
安全系数factor of safety
压缩层compressed layer
附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress 持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer
地基土foundation soil, subsoil
临塑压力critical pressure
剪切破坏shear failure
地基失效foundation failure
冲剪破坏punching failure
渐进破坏progressive failure
容许荷载allowable load
极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity
沉降settlement
沉降差differential settlement
尾部倾斜angular distortion
倾斜tilting
坑底隆起bottom heave
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
稳定数stability number
路堤embankment
地基处理ground treatment soil improvement 垫层cushion
加固stabilization
注浆injection
灌浆guniting
帷幕curtain
挡土墙retaining wall
锚固anchoring
喷浆guniting
锚杆earth anchor
盲沟French drain
振冲法vibro jet 12监测仪器
观测孔observation bore/hole
仪器观测instrumentation
读数装置readout device
传感器transducer
探头probe
压力盒pressure cell
振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge
伸长计、变位计extension meter
板式沉降仪foundation base/pate
测斜仪inclinometer
测压计，渗压计piezometer
垂线plumb
垂直度plumbness
13安全监控
可靠性检查reliability checking
监控模型monitoring and prediction model
监测monitoring
资料datum, data
可靠性reliability
稳定性stability
安全safety
评估evaluation, appraise
评定assessment, assess, rate
评价准则criterion
灾害hazard, calamity
确定性方法论Deterministic methodology
应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)
事故accident
紧急状态emergency
紧急检查emergency inspection
灾情等级hazard classification
灾害评价hazard evaluation
风险评估risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis）
动力（Dynamic Analysis）
蠕变（Creep Material Model）
渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀
scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault
oblique~bedding bank slope
专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复) 一．综合类
1. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程
2. foundation engineering 基础工程
3. soil, earth 土
4.
soil mechanics 土力学
cyclic loading 周期荷载
unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载
viscoelastic found 粘弹性
地基
viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量
5. soil dynamics 土动力学
6. stress path 应力路径
二．
土的分类
1. residual soil 残积土
groundwater level 地下水位
2. groundwater 地下水
groundwater
table 地下水位
3. clay minerals 粘土矿物
4. secondary minerals 次生矿物
5. landslides 滑坡
6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图
7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察 8. boulder 漂石 9. cobble 卵石 10. gravel 砂石
11. gravelly sand 砾砂 12. coarse sand 粗砂 13. medium sand 中砂 14. fine sand 细砂 15. silty sand 粉土 16. clayey soil 粘性土 17. clay 粘土
18. silty clay 粉质粘土 19. silt 粉土
20. sandy silt 砂质粉土 21. clayey silt 粘质粉土 22. saturated soil 饱和土 23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24. fill (soil)填土
三． 土的基本物理力学性质 1. c c Compression index 2. c u undrained shear strength 3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p 0 (c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4. c vane cohesive strength from vane test 5. e 0 natural void ratio 6. I p plasticity index 7. K 0 coefficient
of “at -rest ”pressure ,for total stresses σ1 and σ2 8. K 0’ do main for effective stresses σ1 ‘ and σ2’ 9. K 0n K 0 for normally consolidated
state 10. K 0u K 0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11. K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclic
loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficient
12. k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively
13. N blow count ,standard penetration test
14. OCR over-consolidation ratio
15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test
16. p 0 effective overburden pressure 17. p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test 18. q u unconfined compressive strengt h 19. U,U m degree
of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.
u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively
21. w 0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively
22.
σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ and σ2’ denote effective principal stresses
四．
渗透性和渗流
1. Darcy’s law 达西定律
2. piping 管涌
3. flowing soil 流土
4. sand boiling 砂沸
5. flow net 流网
6. seepage 渗透（流）
7. leakage 渗流
8. seepage (force) pressure 渗透压力 9. permeability 渗透性
10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度
11.
coefficient of permeability 渗透系数
五．地基应力和变形
1. soft soil 软土
2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）
摩阻力
3. effective stress 有效应力total stress 总应力
4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度
5. low activity 低活性
6. sensitivity 灵敏度
7. triaxial test 三轴试验 8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩
10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体
12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载
14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17. strip footing 条基 18. square spread footing 方形独立基础 19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）
20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载 21. live load 活载 22. short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长期荷载
24. reduced load 折算荷载 25. settlement 沉降deformation 变形 26. casing 套管
27. dike=dyke 堤（防） 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组
29.physical properties物理性质
30.subgrade路基
31.well-graded soil级配良好土
32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土
33.sieve筛子
34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏
条件
35.FEM=finite element method有限元法
36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法
37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力
38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力
39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量
40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,pression index压缩指数
42.swelling index回弹指数
43.geostatic stress自重应力
44.additional stress附加应力
45.total stress总应力
46.final settlement最终沉降
47.slip line滑动线
六．基坑开挖与降水
1.excavation开挖（挖方）
2.dewatering（基坑）降水
3.failure of foundation基坑失稳
4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护
5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起
6.retaining wall挡土墙
7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布
8.dewatering method降低地下水位法
9.well point system井点系统（轻型）
10.deep well point深井点
11.vacuum well point真空井点
12.braced cuts支撑围护
braced excavation支撑开挖
braced sheeting支撑挡板
七．深基础deep foundation
1.pile foundation桩基础
1)cast –in-place灌注桩
diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩
bored pile钻孔桩
special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩
piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩
rammed bulb pile夯扩桩
2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础
drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩
under-reamed bored pier
3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩
4)steel pile钢桩
steel pipe pile钢管桩
steel sheet pile钢板桩
5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土
管桩
2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）
3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙
4.friction pile摩擦桩
end-bearing pile端承桩
5.(pile)shaft桩身
6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析
7.pile caps承台（桩帽）
8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验
10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向
极限承载力
11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验
12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承
载力
13.low pile cap低桩承台
14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台
15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单
桩抗拔极限承载力
16.silent piling静力压桩
17.uplift pile抗拔桩
18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩
19.pile groups群桩
20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数
（η）
21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应
22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术
23.final set最后贯入度
24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验
25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验
26.pile head=butt桩头
27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）
28.pile spacing桩距
29.pile plan桩位布置图
30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置
31.group action群桩作用
32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻
33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻
34.pile cushion桩垫
35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）
36.pile pulling test拔桩试验
37.pile shoe桩靴
38.pile noise打桩噪音
39.pile rig打桩机
八．地基处理（ground treatment）
1.technical code for ground treatment of building建
筑地基处理技术规范
2.cushion垫层法
3.preloading预压法
4.dynamic compaction强夯法
5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法
6.vibroflotation method振冲法
7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩
pile-stone column砂石桩
8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石
桩
9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩
10.cement column水泥桩
11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩
12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法
13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法
14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩
lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩
lime soil pile灰土挤密桩
15.chemical stabilization化学加固法
16.surface compaction 表层压实法
17.surcharge preloading超载预压法
vacuum preloading真空预压法
18.sand wick袋装砂井
19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,posite foundation复合地基
21.reinforcement method加筋法
22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法
23.freezing and heating冷热处理法
24.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理
25.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理
26.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理
27.artificial foundation人工地基
natural foundation天然地基
28.pillow褥垫
29.soft clay ground软土地基
30.sand drain砂井
31.root pile树根桩
32.plastic drain塑料排水带
33.stone column碎石桩
gravel pile碎石桩
34.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率
九．固结consolidation
1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论
2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论
3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论
4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比
5.overconsolidation soil超固结土
6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力
7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结
8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结
9.primary consolidation主固结
10.secondary consolidation次固结
11.degree of consolidation固结度
12.consolidation test固结试验
13.consolidation curve固结曲线
14.time factor T v时间因子
15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数
16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力
17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理
18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结
十．抗剪强度shear strength
1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度
2.residual strength残余强度
3.long-term strength长期强度
4.peak strength峰值强度
5.shear strain rate剪切应变强度
6.dilatation剪胀
7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀
抗剪强度有效应力法
8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总
应力法
9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论
10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角
11.cohesion粘聚力
12.failure criterion破坏准则
13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度
14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度
15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包
线
16.effective stress strength parameter
十一.本构模型constitutive method
1.elastic model弹性模型
2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型
3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型
4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型
5.boundary surface model边界面模型
6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型
7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型
8.cap model盖帽模型
9.work softening加工软化
10.work hardening加工硬化
11.Cambridge model剑桥模型
12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型
13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服
准则
14.yield surface屈服面
15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间
地基模型
16.elastic modulus弹性模量
17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型
十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil
1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏
2.general shear failure整体剪切破化
3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏
4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态
5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载
6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性
7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地
基极限承载力
8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地
基容许承载力
十三.土压力earth pressure
1.active earth pressure主动土压力
2.passive earth pressure被动土压力
3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力
4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理
论
5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis
1.angle of repose休止角
2.Bishop method毕肖普法
3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数
4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法
5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法
6.slices method
十五.挡土墙retaining wall
1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性
2.foundation wall基础墙
3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙
4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙
5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙
6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙
7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙
8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙
十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure
1.steel sheet pile钢板桩
2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩
3.steel piles钢桩
4.wooden sheet pile木板桩
5.timber piles木桩
十七.浅基础shallow foundation
1.box foundation箱型基础
2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础
3.strip foundation条形基础
4.spread footing扩展基础
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,pensated foundation补偿性基础
6.bearing stratum持力层
7.rigid foundation刚性基础
8.flexible foundation柔性基础
9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html, foundation pressure基底附加应力
11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上
部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析
十八.土的动力性质dynamic properties of soils
1.dynamic strength of soils动强度
2.wave velocity method波速法
3.material damping材料阻尼
4.geometric damping几何阻尼
5.damping ratio阻尼比
6.initial liquefaction初始液化
7.natural period of soil site地基固有强度
8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度
9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素
10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度
11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率
12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价
13.stress wave in soils土中应力波
14.dynamic settlement振幅
十九.动力机器基础
1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总
参数法
2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力
法
3.vibration isolation隔振
4.foundation vibration基础振动
5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration
基础振动弹性半空间理论
6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率
振幅
7.natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震
1.earthquake engineering地震工程
2.soil dynamics土动力学
3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间
4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱
5.earthquake intensity地震烈度
6.earthquake magnitude震级
7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期
8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加
速度
二十一.室内土工实验
1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验
2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验
3.falling head permeability变水头试验
4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验
5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不
排水试验
6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水
试验
7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,paction test击实试验
9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试
验
10.quick direct shear test快剪试验
11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验
12.sieve analysis筛分析
13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验
14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验
15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪
16.direct shear test直剪试验
17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验
18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验
19.dynamic simple shear动单剪
20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振
柱试验
二十二.原位测试
1.standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验
2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验
3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验
4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验
5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e17546379.html,teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验
7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验
8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验
9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验
10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验
11.light sounding 轻便触探试验
12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测
13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验
14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验
15.in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位
孔隙水压量测
16.in-site soil test 原位试验
-over-
4A广告公司常用英语词汇(doc 8页)
4A广告公司常用英语词汇(doc 8页)
4A广告公司中常用英语词汇 A above-the-line advertising 线上广告，广告代理商能从媒介获得佣 户外广告等。 account executive (AE) ：客户经理，广告公司的业务人员职称。客户经理往往须负责下列工作：1，与客户及内部其他部门共同计划广告（planning）,向各部门传达客户的诉求；2，内部协调（coordina tion）；3，将广告设计稿提供给客户；4，监督执行政府的有关广告规章和法规（regulatory matters）；5，利润管理（agency profi t management）。客户经理通过计划和协调公司的服务部门，为客户提供更好的服务。 account service 客户服务 客户服务是广告代理商的中心工作，肩负着使客户满意从而建立起长期的合作关系，及推动广告代理商内部工作有效运转的任务。它是广告代理商直接同客户进行沟通、交流的一种功能。 advertising agency 广告代理商 习惯上称为“广告公司”，即《中华人民共和国广告法》中所称的广告经营者，一般设有许多职能和业务部门。
advertising campaign 广告活动 有时称为“运动”或“战役”。广告活动包括以下四个重点：制作适当的销售信息、及时传达给受众、选择适当的时机，用合理的成本。广告主制定一项能测定的目标后，为达到这一目标制定广告战略，然后在市场上执行，包括：广告计划、广告制作、销售及营销等。advertising department 广告部 分为企业的广告部和媒介的广告部。企业的广告经理负责拟定、审核及实施企业的广告计划。一般也是负责有关广告的具体工作。媒介的广告部经理负责出售报刊等的版面，广播、电视的时间等。 airport advertising 机场广告 利用机场的候机室及在机场内其他各种场地和设备上制作刊出的广告，也包括在指示牌上制作的广告。 Appeal 诉求 广告通过媒介向目标受众诉说，以求达到所期望的反应。诉求是制定某种道德、动机、认同，或是说服受众应该去做某件事的理由。诉求分三类：理性的、感性的和道义的。诉求所用语句应具有强烈的感染力。 area sampling 区域抽样 群体抽样的一种形式。样本空间按区域进行划分，选定某抽样区域，如一个县、一个行政区、一个街区，从中确定调查对象。
广告业常用英文术语
AA (Account Assistant)客户助理 Action Plan 行动方案 AD( Account Director )客户总监 Add Value 附加价值 Ads( Advertisement ) 广告 Advertorial 付费软文 AE (Account Executive )客户代表、客户主任 Agency 代理商 AM( Account Manager )客户经理 An alysis Tools 分析工具 Announcement 公告 Annual Report 年报 AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区 AR List 任务清单 ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动 Attachment 附件 Audience Awareness 公众认知度 Auto Industry 汽车行业 Awareness 认知 Background Analysis 背景分析 Background material 背景材料 Benchmark 测试基准 BI (Behavior Identity) 企业行为识别系统 Bidding 竞标 Bio 个人简历 Boilerplate 公司简介(附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍) Brand Communications Strategy 品牌传播战略 Brand Loyalty 品牌忠诚度 Brand Management Commission 品牌管理委员会 Brand Management Consulting Firm 品牌管理顾问公司 Brand Management 品牌管理
Brand Planning/Designing 品牌策划/ 设计 Brand Positioning Survey 品牌定位调查 Brand Positioning 品牌定位 Brand Promotion 品牌推广 Branding Strategy 品牌战略 Briefing Kit 资料包 Briefing 情况介绍 BTL (Below the Line) 线下活动 BU (Busin ess Unit)业务部门 Bulletin 公告栏 Bundle 附赠品 Business E-Mail 商务电邮 Business Model 商业计划 Business Philosophy 经营哲学 Business Strategy 经营战略 Campaign 公关或营销活动 Career Development 职业发展 Career Planning 职业计划 Case study 案例研究 Category 类别 Celebration 庆典活动 CEO Reputation Management CEO 声誉管理 CEO's Arran geme nt CEO接待 Channel 渠道 Chart 幻灯片中的页面 China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations 中国最佳公共关系案例大赛China International Public Relations Congress 中国国际公共关系大会 CI( Corporate Identity )企业形象 CIPRA( China International Public Relations Association )中国国际公共关系协会CIS ( Corporate Identity Sysetm )企业形象识别系统
土建专业常用英文词汇
土建专业常用英文词汇(较完整版) A-frame A型骨架水泥cement 粉煤灰pulverized fuel ash 碎石broken stone cracked sto ne A-truss A型构架供应量supply 外加剂admixture cement additive abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀桩的平面布置pile layo ut 伸缩接头expansion joint 稀释沥青cut back bitumen abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机回填backfill 摩擦角an angle of frictio n 颗粒材料granular fill abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) 颗粒层granular layer 立方码cubic yard abrasive particle 磨粒psi ＝po und/square inch 英制压力单位Psi具体单位是“lb/in2”, 就是“磅/平方英寸”路堤embankment 粗滤层coarse fliter abso rptio n 吸收ingredients 组成部分，成分，原料；要素，因素job mix formula 工地配合比abutment 桥台；拱座sampling 抽样frequency of test 检测频率 abutting end 邻接端co mpliance with 遵守符合co nform to 遵照符合acceleratio n 加速 in accordance with 依照与…一致wet cohesion 湿粘聚力Asphalt Binder 沥青胶泥 acceleratio n lane 加速车道potholes 坑洞locatio n 现场 acceleratio n pedal 加速器踏板reno mattress 石笼垫层splash pad 冲刷层geo-textile 土工布accelerato r 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂free drainage 自由排水 acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access ro ad 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道 access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 上落踏板；出入踏板 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶 accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 acco mmodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laborato ry 认可私营实验室 accumulato r 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 准确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 aco ustic co uplant 声耦合剂 aco ustic co upler 声耦合器 aco ustic lining 隔音板
常用专业术语英文
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 repair修理 operator作业员 QC quality品管 supervisor 课长 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试 V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 lathe车床 planer |'plein|刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 iudustrial alcohol工业酒精 Tiana天那水 packaging打包 missing part漏件 wrong part错件 excessive defects过多的缺陷 critical defect极严重缺陷 major defect主要缺陷 minor defect次要缺陷 not up to standard不合规格 dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏 大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良 slipped screwhead/slippery screw head 螺丝滑头 speckle斑点 rust生锈 deformation变形 burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边 poor staking铆合不良 excesssive gap间隙过大 grease/oil stains油污 inclusion杂质 painting peel off脏污 shrinking/shrinkage缩水 mixed color杂色 scratch划伤 poor processing 制程不良 poor incoming part事件不良 painting make-up补漆 discoloration羿色 water spots水渍 polishing/surface processing表面处理 exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露 lack of painting烤漆不到位 safety安全 quality品质 delivery deadline交货期 cost成本 engineering工程 die repair模修 enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划 qualified products, up-to-grade products良品 defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品 to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skræpid|报废 (be)qualfied, up to grade合格 not up to grade, not qualified不合格
常用工程英语词汇
常用工程英语词汇 Construction Site 建筑工地 Apologize for any inconvenience caused during building operation 对施工期间带来的不便表示歉意。 Danger of death. Keep out. 生命危险，严禁入内。 Danger，building site, keep out 工地危险，禁止入内。 Danger，evacuation 危险,请走开 Dangerous structure, this bridge is unsafe 危险结构，该桥不安全。 Hot work in progress 正在施工 No persons allowed beyond this point 任何人不许越过此处。 Safety footwear.穿安全靴 Safety helmets must be worn on this site 此工地必须戴安全帽。 Site entrance, dangerous 工地入口，危险 Slow, site entrance 工地入口请慢行 This button has been moved for remedial work 该按钮已卸下拿去修理。 This is just for construction personnel 仅供施工人员使用。 This lift is only for construction personal 此电梯仅供施工人员使用。 This work will be completed by the end of this year. Thank you fo r your patience during the inevitable disruption 此工程于年底完工，感谢你施工期间的宽容大度。 We apologize for any inconvenience caused during this works 对施工期间引起的不便表示歉意。 Working overhead 上面在施工
广告行业常用英文
America Association of Advertising 美国／广告代理商协会 advertising 广告、广告活动 advocacy advertising 倡导型广告 Account Executive 客户主管 Account planning 客户策划 Account Services 客户部 Advertise 广告主 Advertising Department 企业广告部 agency 广告代理商 Art Director 美术指导 bid [bid] 广告竞标 business-to-business advertising (B2B advertising) B2B 广告 brand image 品牌映象 capitalism 资本本主义，资本运营 commercial advertising 商业广告 communication process 传播过程 comparative advertising 比较广告 consumer advertising 消费品广告 consumerism 消费模式 client 客户 Copywriter 广告撰告人 Creative Department 创作部 Creative Director 创意总监 deceptive advertising 虚假广告 design 设汁稿 end-user 最终用户、实际使用者 industrial advertising 工业广告 institutional advertising 社团机构广告 Management Supervisor 管理监督 Market share 市场占有率 national advertising 全国性广告 noncommercial advertising 非商业广告 pitch 提案 professional advertising 业服务型广告 public service advertising(PSA) 公益广告 puffery 吹捧式的广告 qualitative 定性的 quantitative 定量的 retail advertising 零售商广告 Sister agency 同属同-集团的广告公司 supplier 制作公司 Traffic Department 流程协调部 Brainstorming 头脑风暴法 Campaign 广告攻势 Commercial 影视广告片 coupon 赠券、折价券 logo 品牌标识 magazine 杂志 media budge 媒体预算 media mix 媒体组合 medium 媒体(指某个媒体) metropolitan 大都会的 outdoor 户外媒体 promotion 推广 用品 public relations(PR ．) 公共关系 radio 广播媒体 Situation Analysis 背景分析 Slogan 广告口号 Television program 电视节目 Drive-time 交通高峰时间 So big 做大 Numbers 数据 Yeah 是的(对啦) A priori 先验估汁(演绎法) A posteriori 实测值(归纳法) debranding 品牌屏蔽测试 depth Interview 深度访谈 desk research 案头调研 dichotomous question 两分问题 double-barreled question 两难问题 double-blind 双盲测试(指实验组和对照组) fatigue bias 疲劳偏差 fieldwork 现场调查 focus group 焦点小组 interview 访谈 market research 市场调查 mystery shopping 以购物为掩护的调查 observation 观察 panel 重复凋查样本群 participant 参与者 population 总人口，总体 sample 抽样误差 skew 歪曲 survey 调查 tabulation 统计制表
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
常用机械英语单词
金属切削metal cutting 机床machine tool 金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematics 静力学static 分析力学analysis mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 强度intensity 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation应力stress 硬度rigidity 热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing 脱碳decarbonization 渗碳carboniz ation 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding
常用工程英语词汇详解
PO，Purchase order,采购订单 TBE，To be executed,待执行or Technic bidding evaluation 技术标评价ANSI=American national standard insititute 美国标准化组织 AMSE=American society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工业工程协会 BWD=ButtWeld 对焊 SWF=Female socketwelding 内承插 TVB=Pipe or tube 管子 VENT=open to vent 放空口 SCF=Screwed Female 内螺纹 SCM=Screwed Male 外螺纹 SWM=Male Socketwelding 外承插焊 DP=Damper 风门 EJ=Expation Joint 膨胀节 FH=Flanged Hose 法兰连接软管 HC=Hose Coupling 软管活接头 RO=Restrict Orifice 限流孔板 RP=Rupture Plate 爆破板 RV=relief Valve 减压阀 SG=Sight Glass 视镜 SS=Safety shower & Eye Washer 安全淋浴洗眼器 ST=Steam Trap 疏水阀 STR=Strainer 过滤器 SV=Safety Valve 安全阀
TS=Temporary Strainer 临时过滤器 SL=Silencer 消音器 SP=Special Items 特殊管件 SY=Stack Yard 渣场 ESD=Emergency Shutdown System 紧急停车系统 DW=feeD Water 生活水 WFR=Fresh Water 新鲜水 FW=Fire protection Water 消防水 OD=Oiled Drain 含油废水 SD=Sewerage Drain 污水 CWSU=Cooling Water Supply 冷却循环给水 CWRT=Cooling Water Return 冷却循环回水 PA=Phoshoric Acid 磷酸 SO=seal oil 密封油 UR=urea 尿素 AA=Atmospheric Air FL=Flare gas 火炬气体 FLG=Flue Gas 烟道气 FG=Fuel GAS 燃料气 OFR=For Review 供审查 OFA=For Approval 供批准 ACF=Advancede Certified Final Drawing 最终确定版图纸
(广告传媒)A广告公司中常用英语词汇
4A 广告公司中常用英语词汇(zt) below-the-line advertising 线下广告除线上广告以外的各种广告形式。如促销广告(sales promotion advertising) 购物点广告 (P.O.Padvertising) ，直接邮递广告(direct mailadvertising) ，还包括举办展览会(exhibition) 和发起某项活动(sponsorship) 等。 billboard advertising 路牌广告 张贴或直接描绘在固定路牌上的广告。一般用喷绘或油漆手工绘制在路牌上。 brand advertising 品牌广告 宣传产品品牌的广告，旨在建立品牌忠诚度( brand loyalty )，使消费者或用户乐于认定或接受广告中的牌号。亦称产品广告( product advertising )。 brand preference 品牌偏好在同一类商品中，消费者对某一种品牌具有偏好而指定购买。其原因主要是使用后的满足感。品牌偏好与消费者的生活方式和消费习惯也有关。 brand insistence 品牌坚持 消费者购买某一种商品时指定要某一品牌，而其他品牌不能替代。先决条件是该品牌的产品质量好，广告有说服力，消费者用后感到满意。品牌坚持是产品广告的最高目标。 brand loyalty 品牌忠诚指消费者对某一品牌具有特殊的嗜好，因而在不断购买此类产品时，仅仅是认品牌而放弃对其他品牌的尝 brand name 产品名称产品的名称即“品牌名称”。好的品牌名称必须简洁、易读、易记、易写。美国有为产品取名的专业机构，他们利用电脑，把26个英文字母搭配成各种名称。有些品牌著名于世界，如克宁奶粉(Klim )，柯达(Kodak) 等。品牌名称可以作为注册商标，但应符合商标法的规定。 buyer 's market 买方市场或称买主市场。是以买方为中心的市场。当高超上卖主多买主少，商品供过于求，卖主竞相推销商品，买主呈观望态势，往往会导致商品价格下跌。在买方市场上买主处于支配地位。 Banner 横幅广告，一个表现商家广告内容的图片，放置在广告商的页面上，是互联网广告中最基本的广告形式，尺寸是480*60 像素，或233*30 像素，一般是使用GIF 格式的图像文件，可以使用静态图形，也可用多帧图像拼接为动画图像。除普通GIF格式外，新兴的RichMediaBanner (丰富媒体Banner)能赋予Banner更 强的表现力和交互内容，但一般需要用户使用的浏览器插件支持( Plug-in )。Banner 一般翻译为网幅广告、旗帜广告、横幅广告等。 brand share 品牌占有率
建筑常用术语(英文)
1、图纸 drawing 2、蓝图 blueprint 3、平面图 plan 4、基地平面，建筑设计总平面 site plan 5、规划总平面 master plan 6、首层平面ground level floor plan （英） first level floor plan （美） ground floor plan （英） first floor plan （美） 7、公共建筑 public building 8、办公楼 office building 9、教学楼 teaching building 10、低层建筑 low-rise building 11、多层建筑 mid-rise building 12、高层建筑 high-rise building 13、塔楼tower building 14、裙楼skirt building 15、景观分析与评估 landscape analysis and assessment 16、交通体系分析图circulation analysis 17、占总用地比例 Percentage of land use(%) 18、人均用地面积 land area per capita average land area per person
19、居住用地 Residential 20、公共设施用地 Commercial and Public Facilities 21、工业用地 Industrial / Manufacturing 22、建筑占地面积building coverage area 23、建筑密度building coverage ratio building density 24、绿化面积 green area 25、绿地率 green ratio 26、总建筑面积 (GFA） total / overall / gross floor area 27、容积率 ( FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio 28、实用面积 usable area 29、地下层 Basement level/ floor 30、地下一层 Basement level/ floor 1 Basement 1 level/ floor 31、地下二层 Basement level/ floor 2 Basement 2 level/ floor 32、城市规划 Urban planning 33、景观规划 landscape planning 34、城市总体规划纲要 master planning outline
机械业内常用的中英文术语对照
机械业内常用的中英文术语对照 1 管道组成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180巴渫?long radius return 短半径180巴渫?short radius return
结构工程常用英语词汇
结构工程常用英语词汇 混凝土：concrete 钢筋：reinforcing steel bar 钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC） 钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure 板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs 刚度：rigidity 徐变：creep 水泥：cement 钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam 柱：column 板：slab 剪力墙：shear wall 基础：foundation 剪力：shear 剪切变形：shear deformation 剪切模量：shear modulus 拉力：tension 压力：pressure 延伸率：percentage of elongation 位移：displacement 应力：stress 应变：strain 应力集中：concentration of stresses 应力松弛：stress relaxation 应力图：stress diagram 应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve 应力状态：state of stress 钢丝：steel wire 箍筋：hoop reinforcement 箍筋间距：stirrup spacing 加载：loading 抗压强度：compressive strength 抗弯强度：bending strength 抗扭强度：torsional strength 抗拉强度：tensile strength 裂缝：crack 屈服：yield 屈服点：yield point 屈服荷载：yield load 屈服极限：limit of yielding 屈服强度：yield strength 屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load 横截面：cross section 承载力：bearing capacity 承重结构：bearing structure 弹性模量：elastic modulus 预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失：loss of prestress 预制板：precast slab 现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement 主梁：main beam 次梁：secondary beam 弯矩：moment 悬臂梁：cantilever beam 延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending 受拉区：tensile region 受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity 轴向压力：axial pressure 轴向拉力：axial tension 吊车梁：crane beam 可靠性：reliability 粘结力：cohesive force 外力：external force 弯起钢筋：bent-up bar 弯曲破坏：bending failure 屋架：roof truss 素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete 无梁楼盖：flat slab 配筋率：reinforcement ratio 配箍率：stirrup ratio 泊松比：Poisson’s ratio 偏心受拉：eccentric tension 偏心受压：eccentric compression 偏心距：eccentric distance 疲劳强度：fatigue strength 偏心荷载：eccentric load 跨度：span 跨高比：span-to-depth ratio 跨中荷载：midspan load 框架结构：frame structure 集中荷载：concentrated load 分布荷载：distribution load 分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection 设计荷载：design load 设计强度：design strength
建筑专业词汇中英对照(精心整理版)
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period