高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry. "I used to work in school catering and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided to do something about it," said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini.

Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. "These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling bins for animal food," explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan. But now other companies are developing edible plates, too. The Edible-Plate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.

They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）. These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic; we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme, Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?

（1）Which of the following is not the advantage of edible plates?

A. They are expensive.

B. They can degrade naturally.

C. They are environmentally-friendly.

D. They are made from natural plant.

（2）Which of the following statements is true?

A. Tiziano is from Germany.

B. Edible plates are only used for school catering.

C. Corn and potato starch can be used to make cutlery.

D. The Edible Plate Company doesn't produce edible bowls.

（3）What does the underlined word "this" refer to?

A. The air pollution.

B. The edible cutlery.

C. The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic.

D. The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.

（4）What is the main idea of this passage?

A. The measures to stop the pollution.

B. The ways to reduce the plastic waste.

C. How to make edible plates from natural plants. .

D. The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edible plates的优势。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“They also have a ran ge of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations.” 塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry."可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Someone sent me an email urging me to acquire a lot more resources, suggesting could do so much more good if I had an 8 or 9 figure net income of 6 like I've been doing for years. He claimed to have acquired a great deal of wealth himself and found it highly beneficial to fueling his path with a heart.

As I consider his suggestion, I find myself not having much clarity(清晰的思维)as to what I'd do with I million or 10 million more money flowing through my life. I put so much attention on creativity, fulfillment, exploration, relationships, etc. that I find it difficult to intelligently imagine how more financial resources could provide extra fuel for that, except in small ways or in ways that aren't particularly meaningful to me.

Lately I've been considering what it would be like to deliberately reduce my income for a while and see if I could live on much less，just for the experience. What if I capped my net personal income at $10,000 per year, for instance? That isn't such a big deal to me, though, since I already went through a period of low income like that during the 1990s, and I learned that I could still do what I love regardless of income.

I've never worked in a business environment-the only job I've ever had was working for $6/hour in a video game store while I was in college. So I've never seen how larger operations allocate resources. That's probably why I haven't pushed myself to acquire more. As I mentioned in my book. Money and Your Path With a Heart，my main financial goal in life was to make money irrelevant in my life.

I'm not interested in building an empire. What interests me is exploring personal growth and sharing what I learn along the way. In some ways I feel that acquiring and acquiring and allocating more resources could become a big distraction. I'm already doing what I want to be doing, so why rick distracting myself to acquire more resources, especially when I lack the idea about how I should treat such resources? I like having freedom and flexibility，and I don't really see how more resources would meaningfully improve that.

（1）Why did the man email the author?

A. To ask the author to fuel his path.

B. To lend some money to the author.

C. To share his opinion about wealth.

D. To urge the author to earn more money.

（2）Which of the following can describe the author's personality?

A. Optimistic and devoted.

B. Independent and cooperative.

C. Unfortunate but positive.

D. Wealthy but hardhearted.

（3）What does the underlined word "capped" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Limited

B. Spent

C. Increased

D. Distributed

（4）The following are true EXCEPTA________.

A. the author might be a professional writer

B. the author is good at designing video games

C. the author is interested in exploring his personal growth

D. the author might be a person who likes sharing his knowledge

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，论述了若拥有百倍于现在的资源，你会如何提升个人生活？

（1）考查细节理解。答根据第一段中的“Someone sent me an email urging me to acquire a lot more resources, suggesting could do so much more good if I had an 8 or 9 figure net income of 6 like I've been doing for years.”可知有人给我发了封邮件，力劝我获得更多财富资源，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。第三段谈到最近我一直在考虑，如果有意减少个人收入一段时间，会是什么样子。我只想经历这种体验。看自己能否在收入少的情况下好好生活。比如把个人年收入减少到1万美元，自己将如何生活。不过这对我来说也不算什么问题。因为在上世纪90年代，我有过一段这种低收入生活时期，而且我已经学到，不管收入如何，仍旧可以做自己喜爱的事情。由此可推断出作者是一位乐观且专注的人，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“That isn't such a big deal to me, though, since I already went through a period of low income like that during the 1990s”在上世纪90年代，我有过一

段这种低收入生活时期，由此推断出What if I capped my net personal income at $10,000 per year, for instance?意思是把个人年收入减少到1万美元。“capped”意思是限定，故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“As I mentioned in my book.”可推知作者可能是一名作家，故A选项正确；根据最后一段中的“What interests me is exploring personal growth and sharing what I learn along the way.”可知真正令作者感兴趣的是探索个人成长，并与人一路分享自己所学，由此可知C和D正确，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

When I was three years old, I couldn't speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.

One day, I was shadowing(跟随)my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿)her mouth's movements until I formed a word.

It turned out I'm deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but I've never lived in a state of self-hating sorrow.

Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. That's my reality when I sleep on my "good ear", and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.

People call my deaf side my "bad ear", but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.

Owning a hearing aid hasn't always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show-and-tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, "Aren't those for old men?" At that moment, I felt different. It took me a long time to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.

But it's not just school kids who can make us deaf and hard-of-hearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.

And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to the things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations –I'm lucky. I'm deaf, but I can still hear everything. I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, I'm even superhuman.

（1）How does the author view his hearing difficulty?

A.It's a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.

B.It gave him a chance to experience something special.

C.It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.

D.It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.

（2）What can be inferred from the passage about the author?

A.He was born deaf.

B.He is optimistic and helpful.

C.The hearing aid brings convenience to his daily life.

D.His family and classmates have supported him a lot.

（3）What is the author's attitude toward his life？

A.Excited.

B.Anxious.

C.Grateful.

D.Disappointed.

（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?

A.To give advice on life to disabled people.

B.To show how difficult life is for disabled people.

C.To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.

D.To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐。

（1）考查细节理解。根据作者对自己日常生活的描述，可知作者的听力障碍让他有机会经历了一些特殊的事情，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to the things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations –I'm lucky.”对我来说，我可以听音乐，欣赏电影，捕捉对话——我很幸运。可知助听器给他的日常生活带来了方便，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可知作者对生活充满感激，故选C。

（4）考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是以感激的心情分享他对待劣势的经验，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.

Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.

For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.

（1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week.

B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars.

D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles.

B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.

D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

（3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules.

B. Tax rises.

C. Congestion charge.

D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico —an Island Plateau

B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones

D. How to Improve Air Quality

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是无车区。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.”可知，墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止车辆进入城市的。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.”可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的“The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.”可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.”可知，城市应该是无车区。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

5．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

It's almost camp season!

Summer is wonderful. Summer at one of the following awesome camps? Even more wonderful. Tahosa High Adventure Base

Location: Ward, Colorado

People puzzle: Tahosa's ropes courses are some of the nation's best. Use your hands, feet and brains to take up high-flying challenges and overcome your fears. Fly fishing at 9,000 feet? Yes. Fishing licenses or experience needed? No, sir!

Choose your adventure: Go all-inclusive, where the staff prepares meals and runs the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours.

Camp Raymond

Location: Parks, Arizona

Don't look down: When looking up at the stars, light pollution is your enemy. But Camp Raymond's location and elevation (海拔) of 6,700 feet offer perfect conditions for seeing otherwise invisible stars.

That's cool: Don't forget your camera and a jacket. During the day, you could spot bears and deer. At night, temperatures can fall sharply. Hot cocoa at summer camp? Cool.

Pamlico Sea Base

Location: Blounts Creek, North Carolina.

Go coastal: Explore the Carolina coast by boat. You choose the route, and Pamlico provides the equipment. Keep an eye out for wild horses, lighthouses and boatloads of fish.

Set sail: Even if you don't know the difference between starboard and star-lord, Pamlico's sailing journey will make you a first-rate sailor in no time. You'll even practice finding your way using the stars.

Base Camp

Location: St. Paul, Minnesota

Big upgrade: What happens when you change a 1907 cavalry drill hall (骑兵训练场) into an adventure destination in the heart of the city? You get Base Camp for overnight lock-ins, weekend

retreats (隐居处) and summer camp.

Inside out: Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the activities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winter's coldest days.

（1）What do we know about Tahosa High Adventure Base?

A. It requires fishing licenses

B. It offers lessons on flying a plane

C. It's a camp that is intended for brave kids

D. It is a camp where you can set your own pace （2）What can be learned in Pamlico Sea Base?

A. How to tell starboard from star-lord

B. How to choose camping equipment

C. How to use the stars for directions

D. How to make a boat on your own

（3）In which camp can kids climb walls inside on winter days?

A. Base Camp.

B. Camp Raymond.

C. Pamlico Sea Base.

D. Tahosa High Adventure Base.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个精彩的·夏令营活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Tahosa High Adventure Base部分中的“Choose your adventure: Go all-inclusive, where the staff prepares meals and runs the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours.”可知，Tahosa High Adventure Base是一个你可以设定自己节奏的营地。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Pamlico Sea Base部分中的“Set sail: Even if you don’t know the difference between starboard and star-lord, Pamlico’s sailing journey will make you a first-rate sailor in no time. You’ll even practice finding your way using the stars.”可知，在Pamlico Sea Base你能学到如何使用星星来指引方向。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Base Camp部分中的“Inside out: Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the ac tivities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winter’s coldest days.”可知，在冬天，孩子们可以在Base Camp营地里爬墙。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met) is one of the world's largest and finest art museums. Following the suggested route will help you explore the museum.

The Temple of Dendur

This 2000-year-old building stood near the Nile River, surrounded by a wall that no longer exists. But you can still peek through the gateway. Whose "house" is this? It's not for people. It's for gods. Can you identify them? They face out. A king faces in, bringing offerings.

MetSpeaks

Bringing together some of the most respected thinkers on a given subject, MetSpeaks features lectures, discussions, talks, films, and forums in which compelling voices explore timely issues

that connect to the Met's exhibitions and permanent collection. Program times, audiences, and topics vary.

Time to Sketch

Settle down for a few minutes, pick something in this gallery, and have fun drawing it. Enjoy the chance to look carefully as you create your own sketch. You'll be surprised at how much more you notice, thanks to exploring art by sketching.

MetAccess

Make the Met yours! Choose from a variety of services and exciting programs that are tailored to meet the needs of visitors with disabilities. Program times, audiences, and topics vary.

Ask for the Access Information brochure and Access Calendar at Information Desks, download the Access Calendar (PDF), or call 212-650-2010 or email access@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a1400015.html,.

Admission

Fee includes admission to the Main Building and same-week admission to the Cloisters museum and gardens.

Recommended Fee

Adults$25

Seniors (65 and older)$17

Students$12

Members (Join Now)Free

Children under 12 (accompanied by an adult)Free

A. 111

B. 99

C. 87

D. 103

（2）What can you know about the Temple of Dendur?

A. A high wall is surrounding the 2000-year-old building now.

B. A king faces out, bringing offerings in the temple.

C. The building is designed for Emperor to live in.

D. The Nile River witnessed the history of the building.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the Met?

A. Issues connected with economic crisis will be discussed in MetSpeaks.

B. Visitors can choose something in the gallery and have fun drawing it on the wall.

C. Disabled people will find various services and programs offered especially for them.

D. You can email access@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a1400015.html, for more Admission information.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，The Metropolitan Museum of Art 艺术博物馆是世界上最大和最好的艺术博物馆之一，本文主要介绍你可以参观博物馆的路线。

（1）考查数字计算。根据框中内容adult是25；students是12．三个成年人是75；两个学生是24；两者加在一起是99，所以选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 The Temple of Dendur部分中的“This 2000-year-old building stood

near the Nile River，surrounded by a wall that no longer exists”这座庙宇2000年前的建筑矗立在尼罗河附近，四周围着一堵已经不复存在的墙．可以看出是尼罗河见证了它的历史，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 MetAccess部分中的“Choose from a variety of services and exciting programs that are tailored to meet the needs of visitors with disabilities”从各种各样的服务和激动人心的节目中挑选，以满足残疾人士的需要．所以C选项是正确的，选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和数字计算两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据先关信息进行计算，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.

What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(自我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(诉讼). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.

We need to flip(翻转) this approach. In a complex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).

（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________.

A. open up a discussion on the topic

B. analyze the reason for success

C. express the author's opposition

D. doubt the abilities of the top skaters

（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（3）What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How we can avoid failure in life

B. What we should learn from failure

C. Why failure is the key to flying high

D. Where we further improve ourselves

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail.”可知，文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要学会失败。后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点，最后一句提出问题：为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢？下文对这个问题做了回答，进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。很明显，这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。故选A。

(2)考查文章结构。第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。第三段James Dyson为正面例子证明：成功是建立失败的基础上的。而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明：不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。最后一段再次强调中心论点。故选A。

(3)考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心论点：the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail，中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。最后一段又重新强调了该论点。很明显，文章的中心意思就是：失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅

读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The researchers received a $ 3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project. They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence, or A.I., to Hasbro's “Joy for All” robotic

The cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people. Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Brown's Humanity-Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.

It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴呆). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.

The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking cat, however. Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message. In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.

（1）What's the purpose of the project?

A. To relieve the pain of the elderly.

B. To promote the sales of a medicine.

C. To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.

D. To help make the robotic cat smarter.

（2）Compared with the old model, the new robotic cat will be

A. smaller

B. cheaper

C. more talkative

D. more expensive

（3）What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?

A. The cat gives much help to the elderly.

B. The more functions of the cat, the better.

C. There is no cure for dementia at present.

D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.

B. Feelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.

C. Each family can afford such a cat in the future.

D. The feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助，同时机器猫也离不开他们。被需要的感觉是至关重要的。他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。

(1)目的意图题。根据第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。故答案选D。

(2)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知，与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。故答案选B。

(3)段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。故答案选A。

(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，被需要的感觉是至关重要的。故答案选D。

【点评】推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。常见的提问方式有：①The writer believes that ＿＿＿＿.②From this passage we can guess ＿＿＿＿.③The write suggests that ＿＿＿＿。除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外，其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题，则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上，通过文章所提供的线索，加以综合分析，才能做出正确的推断。

9．阅读理解

Visitors to the grounds of New College at England's Oxford University pass under an iron gate with the advice: Manners make the man. Even after an appropriate update to: Manners make the person, it's thought-provoking(引人深思的)—especially to today's Americans.

When we think about what makes the person—it's more likely the degree, the job, the salary. Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?

We do know that these would make life nicer, if more tolerable. However, we forget or overlook our manners. So , it seems, does everyone else—including, unluckily, our children.

As a university president, one of my great joys is to visit our campuses and see our students, though we're separated by different generations, interests, and, of course dressing, each student tells me something within the first few minutes that we meet: whether he or she has been taught manners. I sense this in different ways: through her words or her gestures, in the way she listens or how he refers to friends and faculty, how she greets and says goodbye, how he responds when an elderly person enters the room.

In the absence of manners, however, I make some allowances. For instance, the many

ethnic(种族的)groups that students represent often have different explanations of what makes up good manners. In other cases, some students may reject what they've learned to break from their parents and be accepted by other students. Whether students are being different or openly opposing, a recent experience I had with them tells me that there's some hope for reviving and good manners.

Good manners don't just guarantee acceptance. Good manners open doors to deeper connections and more meaningful roles in our society. Good manners are gentle signals that show we care about one another and allow us to relate to another person in a thoughtful way but at a respectable distance.

（1）Which of the following is seldom a mark of success to people today?

A. Handsome income.

B. An academic degree.

C. High ranks in the office

D. Polite behavior.

（2）What does the underlined part “make some allowances” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ?

A. treat the absence of manners differently

B. reject the absence of manners

C. oppose bad manners somehow

D. partly permit being in the absence of manners （3）Which of the following is the benefit by good manners?

A. Good manners makes people thoughtful

B. Good manners help deeper connections with others

C. Good manners guarantee acceptance of ourselves

D. Good manners inspire people to care about one another

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了目前社会上很少把礼貌当作成功的衡量标准，但是良好的礼

仪是打开更深的关系和更有意义的角色之门，礼仪非常重要。

（1）D推理判断题。由第二段中的“When we think about what makes the person—it's more likely the degree, the job, the salary. Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?”

可知，我们说起一个人的成功很可能谈的是学位、工作和薪水，我们什么时候把礼貌当作

成功的衡量标准呢？可推知，对今天的成功者来说礼貌的举止是很难成为成功的标志的。

故选D.

（2）A词义猜测题。根据本段中的“Whether students are being different or openly opposing”

可知，作者涉及了两种学生缺乏礼貌的不同情况，所以作者此处是指区别对待不礼貌的现象。故选A.

（3）B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Good manners open doors to deeper connections and more meaningful roles in our society.”可知，在我们社会，良好的礼仪打开更深的关系和

更有意义的角色之门。故选B.

【点评】本文是一篇议论文，论述人们忽视了良好的礼仪的重要性。第一题为推理判断题，要在了解短文主旨大意及主要细节分布的基础上，对事实或证据进行分析和评价，并

在准确合理分析做出符合作者写作意图的推论或判断。难点在于第二题，要根据后面的内

容对其加以理解来做出选择。考生要注意弄清文章主旨。

10．阅读理解

In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.

The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.

But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists —go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.

Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.

So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.

（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To mention Nigel's feat.

C. To stress the importance of good memory.

D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.

（2）Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?

A. Be superior to

B. Be inferior to

C. Be similar to

D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?

A. The writer.

B. The shop assistant.

C. The babysitter.

D. The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?

A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.

B. Get more support from the government.

C. Apply for the donation from companies.

D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such a s teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

高考英语阅读理解三篇

(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.

高三英语阅读理解试题.

The playwright George Bernard Shaw once said humorously, "England and America are two nations divided by a common language. If he were writing today, he might add "divided by a common technology--E-mail." Two completely different styles of e-mail have formed on either side of the Atlantic--Euromail and Amerimail. Amerimail is informal and chatty. It's likely to begin with a "Hi"and end with a "Bye". The chances of Amerimail containing a smiley face or an "xoxo" are disturbingly high. We Americans are unwilling to dive into the meat of an e-mail. We feel we have to first inform recipients(收信人about our vacation on the island which was really excellent except the jellyfish were biting and the kids caught a bad cold, so we had to skip the whale watching trip, bu t about that investors' meeting in New York…. Amerimail is a bundle of contradictions (矛盾, casual and yet direct, respectful yet over proud. In other words, Amerimail is America. Euromail is stiff and cold often beginning with a formal "Dear Mr. X" and ending with a simple "Sincerely". You won't find any mention of kids or the weather or jellyfish in Euromail. It's all business. It's also slow. Your correspondent (通 信者might take days even weeks to answer a message. Euromail is exactly like the Europeans themselves. Recently about 100 managers were asked on both sides of the Atlantic whether they noticed differences in e-mail styles. Most said yes. Here are a few of their observations: "Americans tend to write (e-mails exactly as they speak." "Why don't you just call me instead of writing five e-mails back and forth " "Europeans are less interested in checking e-mail". "In general, Americans are much more responsive to e-mail--they respond faster and provide more information. ' So which is better, Euromail or Amerimail I realize it's not popular these days to suggest we have anything to learn from Europeans, but I'm fed up with an inbox filled with casual, barely meaningful e-mails from friends and colleagues. If the alternative is a few earnestly written, carefully worded bits of Euromail, then I say: "Bring it on." 61. Which of the following is most likely to be the "meat" of an Amerimail A. The jellyfish were biting. B. We had an excellent vocation on the island. C. We had to skip the whale watching trip. D. We were to attend the investors' meeting in New York. 63. We can conclude from the passage that A. the

英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold 【答案】 1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。 2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。

2015年广东高考英语阅读及解析

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