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英语翻译学习资料

英语翻译学习资料
英语翻译学习资料

15. Give the student the opportunity to pick a topic or activity for the group to work on together.

15.学生有机会选择团队工作的主题或活动。

16. Give the student the opportunity to choose a group activity and choose the group members

(e.g. ,along with the teacher, decide what the activity will be, decide what individual group members will do, etc_)

16. 给学生机会去选择一个小组活动,选择小组成员(例如,跟着老师,决定活动将是什么,决定个人小组成员由此而做什么,等等)

17. Assign the student a role to perform in the group activity which he/she can perform successfully (e.g. , secretary, researcher, group behavior monitor, etc.).

17. 为学生分配一个角色来执行他/她的小组活动,且可以执行成功(如,部长,研究员、群体行为监控者等)。

18. Reduce the emphasis on competition. Competitive situations may cause the student to refuse to provide assistance to others.

18.减少强调竞争,竞争的情况下可能会导致学生拒绝提供援助。

19. Place the student with peers who will be appropriate role models for providing assistance to others.

19. 安排学生与能为他人提供适当帮助的榜样做同伴。

20. Place the student with group members Who are least likely to be threatening to him/her (e.g. , younger students, students just learning a skill he/she has mastered, etc.).

20. 安排学生与最少有可能威胁到他/她的同伴做小组成员(例如,年龄小的学生,只是学习他/她已经掌握了的技能的学生,等等)。

21. Create and reinforce activities in which the student and others work together for a common goal (e.g. , mural, wildlife garden, etc.) rather than individual success or recognition. Point out that larger accomplishments are realized through group effort rather than individual effort, thus making assistance to one another necessary.

21. 创建和加强活动,使学生和其他人为一个共同的目标一起工作(如壁画、花园、野生动物等)而不是个人的成功和认可。指出,通过团体的努力实现更大的成就,而不是个人的努力,从而使彼此援助的必要。

22. Make certain the academic and social demands of the situation are within the student's ability level.

22. 确保学术和社会需求情况在学生的能力水平。

23. Help the student get to know group members before requiring group participation (e.g. , introduce the students to one another, allow the students unstructured free time together, etc.).

23. 在要求参与集体活动之前,帮助学生了解小组成员(例如,学生们互相自我介绍,让学生有一些在一起无拘无束的自由时间,等等)。

24. Reinforce the student for assuming extra responsibilities, tasks, etc.: (a) give the student a tangible reward(e.g. , classroom privileges, line 1eading, passing out materials, five minutes free time, etc.) or(b) give the student an intangible reward(e.g. , praise, handshake, smile, etc.).

24.给予承担额外责任、任务的学生等:(a)给学生有形的奖励(例如。课堂里的特权,领路队,分发材料、五分钟自由时间等)或(b)给学生无形的奖励(如,赞美,握手,微笑,等等)。

25. Teach the student a variety of ways to provide assistance to others.

25.教学生一系列协助他人的方法。

26. Structure the environment to provide the student with increased opportunity to assist others.

26. 架构环境,为学生提供帮助别人的机会。

27. Have the student maintain a record(e.g. , chart or graph) of his/her performance in assuming new responsibilities/tasks.

27.在假设的新任务或表现中,也能让学生保持记录(如,图表或图形)

28. Give the student the responsibility of helping a peer in group situations.

28. 给学生帮助组内同伴的责任。

29. Provide a role model by assisting others (e.g. , other teachers, parents, janitor, principal, students, etc.) when appropriate.

29.在适当的时候通过帮助别人提供一个角色模型(如。其他教师、家长、看门人、校长、学生等)。

30. Provide an atmosphere where everyone works together to get things done(e.g. , cleaning the classroom, passing out materials, etc.).

30.营造一种氛围,每个人都一起工作,去完成任务(如。,打扫教室,分发材料等)。

31. Help the student see the natural rewards of assisting others(e.g. , others helping in return, personal satisfaction, friend ships, etc.).

31.帮助学生领悟到帮助别人获得的自然奖励(如别人对自己的帮助,个人满足,友谊,等等)。

32. Make certain the student understands instructions /directions for the group activity (e.g. , give instructions in a variety of ways, make certain that the student understands his/her role, go over the rules for group behavior before the activity begins, etc.).

32. 确保学生理解指令/方向小组活动(例如,以各种方式给指令,确保学生理解他/她的角色, 在活动开始之前复习群体行为的规则,等等)。

33. Make certain the student understands that providing assistance to others is contingent upon completion of his/her own responsibilities.

33. 确保学生明白为他人提供帮助或有完成他/她自己的责任。

238 Hawthorne

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