自测题(诗歌)文学英语赏析
Text1
…
I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and self-contain’d,
I stand and look at them long and long.
They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
So they show their relations to me and I accept them,
They bring me tokens of myself, they evince them plainly in their possession.
(Song of Myself)
Questions
1. Which of the following is the message Whitman is conveying to average man and woman?
A. People should love the earth and the sun and the animals.
B. People should love themselves for what they are and be themselves.
C. People should despise riches and give their wealth away to those in need.
2. Does Whitman use traditional device like regular meter and rhyme in this poem? What’s the form of the poem (sonnet or free verse or visual poetry)?
3. Identify the literary devices you find in this poem. Name the device, and note down one example.
参考答案
1. B．
2. No. It is a free verse.
3. Any ONE of the devices and the illustrative examples
Repetition:
They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God…
Parallelism and repetition:
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with …
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
Text 2
Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone
Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone.
Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.
Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,
Put the crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.
He was my North, my South, my East and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong.
The stars are not wanted now: put out every one;
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood.
For nothing now can ever come to any good. Questions
1. These stanzas are taken from _________ by _________.
A. Ballad of Reading Gaol…Oscar Wilde
B. Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone … W.H. Auden
C. Wild Nights! Wild Nights!… Emily Dickinson
2. The poem can be categorized as ________.
A. an elegy
B. a ballad
C. a sonnet
3 . What’s the focus of the third stanza?
A. The celebration of the importance of the loved one to the poet.
B. The difficulties in making decisions at the crossroads of life.
C. The destructive force of envy and despair.
4. The speaker expressed _______.
A. bitter disappointment at his neighorhood’s polluted environment
B. deep grief at the death of a friend /lover
C. strong desire to change the world
参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. A
4.B
Text 3
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference. Questions
1. The poem is set _______.
A. by a fork in the road in a yellow wood
B. on a train to a distant city
C. by a country road to a big city
2. The speaker begins the poem by __________.
A. describing himself walking down a garden path
B. describing himself standing by diverging roads
C. commenting on the meaninglessness of life
3. Wh at is the speaker’s initial response to the divergence of the two roads?
A. He sighs bitterly.
B. He got excited.
C. He was sorry.
4. The pattern of rhyme schemes used in the poem is _______.
A. abaab
B. acabac. abbac
5. What might be the symbolic meaning of the two roads?
A. The conflicts between man and nature.
B. The difference in simple country life and rich city life.
C. The different paths we take in life.
6. Which of the following is true of the poem?
A. The poem has a slow rhythm and it suits the contemplative mood of the speaker.
B. The poem has a fast rhythm and it creates a cheerful atmosphere.
C. The poem has no regular rhythm to speak of.
1. A
2.B
3. C
4.A
5. C
6. A
Text 4
Love Your Enemy
Brought you here in slave ships and pitched over board. Love your enemy.
Language taken away, culture taken away.
Love your enemy.
Work from sun up to sun down.
Love your enemy.
Work for no pay.
Love your enemy.
Last hired, first fired.
Love your enemy.
Rape your mother.
Love your enemy.
Lynch your father.
Love your enemy.
Bomb your churches. Love your enemy.
Kill your children.
Love your enemy.
Forced to fight his wars. Love your enemy.
Pay the highest rent.
Love your enemy.
Sell you rotten foods. Love your enemy.
Sell dope to your children. Love your enemy.
Forced to live in the slums.
Love your enemy. Dilapidated schools. Love your enemy.
Puts you in jail.
Love your enemy. Bitten by dogs.
Love your enemy. Water hose you down. Love your enemy. Love.
Love.
Love.
Love.
Love.
Love for everybody else.
But when will we love ourselves?
(Yusef Iman.)
Questions
1. The poem can be categorized as ________.
A. a narrative poem
B. an elegy
C. a protest poem
2. One prominent device the poet uses in this poem is _____
A. irony
B. alliteration
C. personification
3. Which of the following is true of the poem?
A. The writer wants to expose the hypocrisy of the injustice to the black people.
B. The poem reveals the writer’s feelings of guilt through repeating the line ‘Love your enemy’.
C. The writer calls on the white employers to give equal pay for equal work.
参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. A Text 5
█Coat
Sometimes I have wanted to throw you off
like a heavy coat. Sometimes I have said you would not let me breathe or move.
But now that I am free
to choose light clothes
or none at all
I feel the cold
and all the time I think
how warm it used to be.
█Questions
1.The poem can be categorized as a ________.
A. confessional poem
B. narrative poem
C. protest poem
2. Which of the following best summarizes the first two stanzas?
A She felt at loss what to do with people who pursue her
B. She felt intoxicated (陶醉) by their love.
C. She felt suffocated with their love.
3. Which of the following best summarizes the last two stanzas?
A. She felt at loss what to do with people who pursue her
B. She felt intoxicated (陶醉) by their love.
C. She felt regrets now that the love affair is over.
4. The coat can be understood as a metaphor for the speaker’s _______.
A. desire for prosperity and luxury
B. former lover
C. treasured possession
参考答案
1.A
2. B
3.C
4.B
Text 5
I, too
I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I’ll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody’ll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They’ll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed—
I, too, am America.
[(Langston Hughes (1902-1967)]
█Questions
The poem is written in the form of _______.
1 A. sonnetB. free verseC. ballad
2. Which of the following expresses the theme of the poem?
A . It mainly exposes the hypocrisy of the injustice to the black people
B. It contains strong protect against the cold relationship between masters and servants.
C. It expresses the hope of a bright future when equality is achieved.
3. The poem conveys a tone of ________.
A. distress and confusion and anguish
B. confidence and optimism
C. loss and nostalgia (怀旧之情)
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. B
英国文学史上个大名家
1 William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616 ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies:
部编版小学语文诗歌鉴赏训练经典题目(及答案)100
部编版小学语文诗歌鉴赏训练经典题目(及答案)100 一、小学语文诗歌鉴赏专项训练 1．阅读诗歌，回答问题 小儿垂钓 【唐】胡令能 蓬头稚子学垂纶①，侧坐莓苔②草映身。 路人借问遥招手，怕得鱼惊不应人。 【注释】①纶，钓丝，“垂纶”即垂钓。②莓苔：泛指贴着地面生长在阴湿地方的低等植物。这里是写小儿选取了一个僻静、利于垂钓的地方。 （1）诗歌前两句中“学垂纶”“侧坐莓苔”的两个动作描绘出一个________的小儿。 （2）诗歌三，四两句可见小儿是什么心态？结合具体字词简要分析。 【答案】（1）一本正经、认真、机灵、聪敏 （2）谨慎或者害怕被打扰（害怕鱼儿被吓跑）的心态。从“遥招手”“不应人”可以看出来，他害怕钓鱼被打扰（鱼儿受惊吓），远远就向路人招手示意，不回应路人的询问，从而看出小儿谨慎。 【解析】【分析】（1）本题考查学生对人物形象的分析能力。分析一个人的形象时，一定要根据文章内容、故事情节、人物的言行举止、文章对人物的各种描写等来整体感知的。概括时要做到既全面，又要突出重点。从“学垂纶”“侧坐莓苔”的两个动作可以看出“小儿”认真聪明、一本正经的形象。 （2）本题考查学生对诗句的理解能力。三四句诗的意思是：听到有过路的人问路，连忙远远地招了招手，害怕惊动了鱼儿不敢回应过路人。从“遥招手”“不应人”可以看出小儿生怕鱼儿被惊吓的小心谨慎心情。 故答案为：（1）一本正经、认真、机灵、聪敏；（2）谨慎或者害怕被打扰（害怕鱼儿被吓跑）的心态。从“遥招手”“不应人”可以看出来，他害怕钓鱼被打扰（鱼儿受惊吓），远远就向路人招手示意，不回应路人的询问，从而看出小儿谨慎。 【点评】人物形象的分析能力。分析一个人的形象时，一定要根据文章内容、故事情节、人物的言行举止、文章对人物的各种描写等来整体感知的。概括时要做到既全面，又要突出重点。 2．诗歌阅读 湖口送友人 李频 中流欲暮见湘烟，岸苇无穷接楚田。 去雁远冲云梦雪，离人独上洞庭船。 风波尽日依山转，星汉通霄向水悬。 零落梅花过残腊，故园归去又新年。
英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)
I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .
大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
五首经典现代诗及赏析
01.《相信未来》 作者介绍：食指，本名郭路生（1948—），山东鱼台人。朦胧诗代表人物，被当代诗坛誉为“朦胧诗鼻祖”。高中毕业。被称为新诗潮诗歌第一人。《相信未来》是食指作于1968年的一首朦胧诗。该诗曾以手抄本的形式在社会上广为流传，并迅速传颂于一代青年人的口中，食指因此也拥有了“知青诗魂”的称号。 相信未来 ---食指 当蜘蛛网无情地查封了我的炉台， 当灰烬的余烟叹息着贫困的悲哀， 我依然固执地铺平失望的灰烬， 用美丽的雪花写下：相信未来。 当我的紫葡萄化为深秋的露水， 当我的鲜花依偎在别人的情怀， 我依然固执地用凝霜的枯藤 在凄凉的大地上写下：相信未来。 我要用手指那涌向天边的排浪， 我要用手掌那托起太阳的大海， 摇曳着曙光那枝温暖漂亮的笔杆 用孩子的笔体写下：相信未来。 我之所以坚定地相信未来， 是我相信未来人们的眼睛—— 她有拨开历史风尘的睫毛， 她有看透岁月篇章的瞳孔。 不管人们对于我们腐烂的皮肉，
那些迷途的惆怅、失败的苦痛， 是寄予感动的热泪、深切的同情， 还是给以轻蔑的微笑、辛辣的嘲讽。 我坚信人们对于我们的脊骨， 那无数次的探索、迷途、失败和成功， 一定会给予热情、客观、公正的评定。 是的，我焦急地等待着他们的评定。 朋友，坚定地相信未来吧， 相信不屈不挠的努力， 相信战胜死亡的年轻， 相信未来、热爱生命。 诗文赏析： 这首诗构思巧妙。前三节写“我”是怎样“相信未来”的，后三节写为什么要“相信未来”，最后一节呼唤人们带着对未来的信念去努力，去热爱，去生活。用语质朴，而思想深刻；性格鲜明，又令人折服。 全诗基本上遵从了四行一节，在轻重音不断变化中求得感人效果的传统方式；以语言的时间艺术，与中国画式的空间艺术相结合，实现了诗人所反复讲述的“我的诗是一面窗户，是窗含西岭千秋雪”的艺术。 通读该诗，虽然感受更多的不是轻松而是压抑；不是快乐而是痛苦。 但从诗人那压抑和痛苦的吟哦中，也真切地感受到了诗人那撼人心魄的信念——无时不在渴望和憧憬着光明的未来以及为理想和光明而奋斗挣扎。
英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
(完整版)英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry 1.What is poetry? ?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language. ?“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” ?“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.” ?Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty. ?Poetry is the image of man and nature. ?“诗言志，歌咏言。” ---《虞书》 ?“诗言志之所以也。在心为志，发言为诗。情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。情发于声；声成文，谓之音。” ---《诗·大序》 ?“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。” ---艾青：《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a. The prosodic features ?Prosody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language. ?Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed. ?Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables. eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright In the /forest /of the/ night, What im/mortal /hand or /eye Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. Blake Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect. eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. ---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting. Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry. b. Meter or measure (格律) poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis; Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
十首经典唐诗鉴赏
十首经典唐诗鉴赏 答章孝标 唐·李绅 假金方用真金镀，若是真金不镀金。 十载长安得一第，何须空腹用高心。 【题解】 这首诗是李绅回答晚辈诗人章孝标的一首七绝。因李绅推荐，章孝标得以考中元和十四年的进士。“及第全胜十改官，金鞍镀了出长安。马上渐入扬州郭，为报时人洗眼看。”流露出章孝标高中进士后的得意自矜的心理，李绅以师长和朋友的身份对章孝标进行了规劝。 “假金方用真金镀，若是真金不镀金”，意思是说一个人如果有真才实学的话，不需要依靠外在的名位去装饰，就如同假货才镀金一样。高中进士在唐代是一件令读书人感到荣耀的大事，但是从成才的角度看，这仅仅是为其增添了外在的装饰，并不能对个人的品德、学问、才识有何损益。一个人的品德才学如果有所欠缺，即使通体流光溢彩，内在仍然是空空如也。尾联提醒章孝标不要忘记了困顿长安场屋十年的经历，要牢记当年遭受的艰难，因为中进士只是官场仕途的开始，今后的发展茫然无知，难以预料，所以千万不要得意忘形，一定要谦虚谨慎。此诗的哲理性是通过“真金”“假金”的对比凸显出来的，它涉及了外观与内涵、表象与本质的问题。 瀑布联句 唐·黄檗禅师李忱 千岩万壑不辞劳，远看方知出处高。 溪涧岂能留得住，终归大海作波涛。 【题解】
黄檗禅师，又称黄檗希运禅师，唐代禅宗僧人。李忱是唐宣宗的本名，唐宣宗早年受到唐武宗的猜忌，遁迹为僧，一日游方途中遇到了黄檗禅师，二人同观庐山瀑布，有感于瀑布的壮丽而作此联句。 此诗并不直接描写庐山瀑布的壮丽和雄伟，而是通过一种拟人化的手法想象瀑布倾泻而下之前所经历的重重阻碍，突出了成功背后的曲折经历和难言艰辛。李忱体会到了禅师的一番苦心，面对试探他志向的老禅师，他用不屈的志向和乐观的精神来回答。“溪涧岂能留得住”照应了开篇，正是由于流淌不停，不以平静安乐为满足的性格，溪水才能汇聚成巨流，穿透千岩万壑的阻碍，形成壮美的瀑布。“终归大海作波涛”一句极富气势，给人一种一往无前、胸怀宽广、容纳天地的信念。这两句诗也蕴含了深刻的哲理意蕴，有生命力、有价值的人或物终归不会被埋没。 咸阳城西楼晚眺 唐·许浑 一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀洲。 溪云初起日沉阁，山雨欲来风满楼。 鸟下绿芜秦苑夕，蝉鸣黄叶汉宫秋。 行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。 【题解】 许浑，晚唐著名诗人。擅长创作近体诗，五七律尤多，句法圆熟工稳，声调平仄自成一格，后人称为“丁卯体”。 诗歌的颔联是传诵千古的名联，夕阳西下沉入楼阁之间，而溪水流动时伴随着袅袅云霭升起，更为暮色增添一份迷离恍惚的感受。“日沉阁”是对大唐日薄西山境遇的比况，虽然回光返照，但已经是苍茫的暮色了。西风凛冽，云起风生，骤然而来，灌满空楼，凭栏远眺的作者怅惘地意识到：一场风雨即将来临了。这场风雨实际上就是唐王朝即将覆灭的象征，而作者敏锐地观察到了大难将至前朝局政治的微妙变化。此诗的哲理性并非以抽象的理语直接表现，而是通过物象的阐发，“山雨欲来”“风云变色”成为一种具有普遍意义的象征。诗人捕捉到了变化前夕最富暗示性的时刻加以描写，通过画面的丰富形象来启人深思、发人警醒。
英国诗歌赏析1(本科)
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),