伴随状语的用法

伴随状语的用法

WITH作伴随状语,或说明造成某一局面的原因.至于是用现在分词,还是过去分词得看与主句主句的关系是被动或主动. Fg:

with time passing by随着时间的流逝He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着.

总结一下：

with的复合结构可以分以下几种:

一. w ith + 名词 + 形容词.表处于一种状态.

He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉.

二.with +名词 + 副词. There is a temple with no table in.

三.with +名词 + 介词短语.

The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm.

四.with + 名词 + 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和进行态.

The old woman left the her house with water running all the time.

五.with + 名词 + 过去分词,这种结构表被动和完成.

The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 六.with + 名词 + 不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式.

The mamager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do .

伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语的判断

The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。

伴随状语出现的条件

由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

伴随状语的逻辑主语

一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。

伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：

一、使用分词形式The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。

二、用with 复合结构The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下班了，一路有说有笑)。

三、用独立主格结构Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。

{独立主格结构的讲析

一、概念：有时一个名词/代词+ 一个其他结构,在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。

二、独立主格的结构：

n/pron + doing River rising, they had to left for safety.

to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.

done All the work done, they went for lunch.

adj. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.

adv. He was lying in bed, light on.

Prepositional phrase He walked in, cane in hand.

在这种结构中，n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子中只能作状语，

三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分：

1、伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。

He was watching TV, his mouth half open.

He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.

The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.

The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.

2、时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。

Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.

Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.

The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.

3、原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。

John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.

It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.

There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.

4、条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。

Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.

Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.

注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。

如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.

With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.

You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.

He left the bathroom,with the water running.

He rushed out with a knife in his hand. 此句可改写为He rushed out ,a knife in his

hand.或He rushed out, knife in hand.

但是,“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语。

如：Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it. He lives in a village with a railway behind it.

Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.}

四、用形容词

Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。

Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。

The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。

He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。

五、用名词

He went away a beggar but retuned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。

He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民)。

六、用介词短语

The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？

I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。

with 复合结构做伴随状语：

由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。

例如：

1．With production up by 60％，the company has had another excellent year．产量增涨了60％，公司又是一个盈利年。

2．He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning．蜡烛还亮着，他很快就睡着了。

3．She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears．

他独自一人坐在那儿，眼里充满了泪水。

独立主格结构做伴随状语：

独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语）构成。该从属结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语。

例如：1．Mr.．Smith flew to New York this morning，his assistant to join him there this Saturday．今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国，他的秘书星期六和他在那儿见面。2．He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head．他躺在草地上，头枕双手。3．He stood on the deck，pipe in mouth．他站在甲板上，嘴里叼着烟斗。

分词短语做伴随状语：

现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义。

例如：1．“Can't you read？”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice．玛丽生气地指着通知说：“难道你不识字吗？” 2．He sent me an e-mail hoping to get further information．他给我发了一封电子邮件，希望得到更多信息。3．He hurried to the hall，followed by two guards．他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。

形容词短语做伴随状语：

形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。

例如：

1．Full of apologies，the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。

2．He was too excited，unable to say a word．

他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。

3．He stared at the footprint，full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。

单个形容词做伴随状语：

单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。

例如：1．He sat there，silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。

2．Breathless，she rushed in throughthe back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。

3．He went to bed，coldand hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体

伴随状语的特点是：

它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的

1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

2）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

3 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

比如The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing 就是个例子过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情。（这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿

着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。）

做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。

一般的无非又几种情况：

过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语）

a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语

1 以及原因状语

2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.

b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done"

1）being done---->"又被动，又进行”

2）done------->“又被动，又完成”

1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1）eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3)

结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D) D.having

done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词

eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done)

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