2018年北京市中考英语试卷-答案

北京市2018年初中学业水平考试

英语答案解析

—、单项填空

1.【答案】C

【解析】第一句句意:我哥哥和我都喜欢足球。第二句是说“我们”每周一起踢一次球。We 指代My brother and I。故选C。

【考点】人称代词的用法

2.【答案】A

【解析】for意为“给，为”；in意为“在…里”；with意为“用，和”；from意为“来自”。句意：生日快乐，彼得！这是给你的礼物。故选A。

【考点】介词的用法

3.【答案】B

【解析】对方式、方法提问用how。句意：——玛丽，你通常怎么去上学？——骑自行车。故选B。

【考点】方式副词的用法

4.【答案】D

【解析】though意为“尽管”，表让步；if意为“如果”，表假设，或意为“是否”，引出两个或两个以上的可能性之一；while意为“而”，表对比；because意为“因为”，表原因。句意：很多人喜欢大熊猫，因为它们很可爱。故选D。

【考点】连词的用法

5.【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词的用法。must意为“一定，必须”。句意：我现在必须走了，否则我会错过火车。故选C。

【考点】情态动词的用法

6.【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词的最髙级。三者或三者以上的人或物作比较，其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用形容词（或副词）的最髙级，此处为形容词的最高级，最髙级前加定冠词the。故选D。

【考点】形容词的最髙级

7.【答案】B

【解析】由every evening可知，用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。句意：比尔喜欢阅读。他每天晚上都和爸爸看图画书。主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故选B。

【考点】动词时态的用法

8.【答案】A

【解析】由at nine last night可知，使用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。句意：——保罗，你昨天晚上九点在做什么？——我和朋友们在电影院看电影。故选A。

【考点】动词时态的用法

9.【答案】C

【解析】由when he was six years old可知，使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或状态。句意：大卫是一个网球运动员。他从六岁开始打网球。故选C。

【考点】动词时态的用法

10.【答案】B

【解析】由for nearly 20 years可知，使用现在完成时，表示动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行，其结构为have/ has+动词过去分词，故选B。

【考点】动词时态的用法

11.【答案】D

【解析】由next year可知，使用一般将来时，主语airport与动词complete为被动关系，被动语态的结构为be+动词过去分词。故选D。

【考点】动词时态及语态的用法

12【答案】A

【解析】宾语从句使用陈述句语序，由“Last Sunday”可知，使用一般过去时。故选A。【考点】宾语从句的用法

二、完形填空

【文章大意】文章讲述一个公司的管理部门通过一个游戏来告诉他的团队分享和帮助别人是真正解决问题的方法。

13.【答案】A

【解析】game意为“游戏，比赛”；show意为“表演，展览”；concert意为“音乐会”；party 意为“聚会”。根据文章第四段第一句中的out of the game可推知选A。

14.【答案】C

【解析】purpose意为“意志，目的”；suggestion意为“建议”；thought意为“想法”；plan 意为“计划”。句意：他们很惊讶，揣着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选C。

15.【答案】B

【解析】quietly意为“平静地”；carefully意为“仔细地，小心地”；secretly意为“偷偷地，秘密地”；clearly意为“明确地，显然地”。句意：然后他们被要求小心地在各自的气球上写上自己的名字，这样气球便不会爆裂。故选B。

16.【答案】D

【解析】honest意为“诚实的”；ready意为“就绪的，准备好的”；patient意为“耐心的”；successful意为“成功的”。句意:所有人都尝试了，但不是每个人都成功了。由后句中“五个气球由于压力爆裂了”也可推知并不是每个人都成功了。故选D。

17.【答案】C

【解析】由后句中“结果25个工程师进人下一阶段”可知，此处讲没有成功地将名字写在气球上的人被排除出游戏了。be ruled out of意为“被排除在……之外”。故选C。

18.【答案】A

【解析】collet意为“收集，收藏”；weigh意为“对……称重，权衡”；tie意为“系上，成平局”；clean意为“打扫，清理”。句意：所有带着他们的名字的气球被收集在一个房间里，到处都是。所以选A。

19.【答案】D

【解析】mark意为“做记号，打分”；hide意为“隐藏，躲避”；number意为“标号”；find 意为“找到，发现”。句意:将近十五分钟过去了，但是没有人能够找到正确的气球。故选D。

20.【答案】B

【解析】free意为“释放，使自由”；reach意为“到达”；lift意为“举起，提升”；hit意为“打击，碰撞”。句意：几分钟之后，所有的气球都到了相应的工程师的手中。由最后一段首句“经理宣布这才是真正解决问题的方法”可知，此处指问题解决了，即气球回到了相应人的手中。故选B。

三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项

A【文章大意】Roger、Jessica、Sara和Martin四人讲述了自己上周做的某些事。

21.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句”It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知选D。

22.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“My class were on a school field trip last week．”可知选B。

23.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.”可知选C。

B【文章大意】文章主要讲述作者回忆自己帮父亲卖水果的时候遇到两个孩子认真帮助双目失明的母亲挑选水果的事情，并且他被两个孩子的行为所感动。

24.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”

可知选A。

25.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句”Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.”可知选B。

26.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句”It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”可知作者认为如此小的孩子这么乐于帮助妈妈的行为是美好的，故他被感动了，所以选D。

C【文章大意】文章主要介绍了关于绿色空间对孩子大脑结构发育影响的研究。

27.【答案】A

【解析】段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了巴塞罗那全球健康究所如何在西班牙的253名学生中开展研究。故选A。

28.【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。control意为“控制”；encourage意为“促进，鼓励”；balance意为“平衡”；change意为“改变”。由上下文可知，在绿化较好的区域玩耍可以为孩子提供探索和学习的机会，因此绿色空间可以促进重要的发现活动、创造性活动及冒险活动的发生。所以prompt应和encourage意思相近，故选B。

29.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段倒数第一句：”Moreover，larger volumes of white and grey matter...lead. to. better working memory.”可知A项错误；Dadvand博士的研究是证明了儿童早期接触绿色空间利于其大脑发育，并未强调要改变环境，因此B项错误，D项正确；由最后一段”Further studies...green space.”可知C项错误。

D【文章大意】文章主要讲述我们要善于改变自己，敢于跳出自己的思维框架，这样才有利于自我完善和提升。只有当我们享受整个自我能力提升的过程时，我们才会意识到我们已经开始轻装上阵，变得快乐起来。

30.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。文章结二段中的三个问题及回答都是关于我们在何时才会做出一些改变，只有当我们经历了苦楚才知道要改变。故A项符合题意。

31．【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。A项意为“她需记得她为什么开始这样（没有勇气面对人群）”；B项意为“她必须知道怎样和人相处”；C项意为“她必须意识到她不是自己认为的那样”；D项意为“她需要明白自信的重要性”。根据文章第六段最后一句”Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!”可知选C。

32.【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句”And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we're beginning to take things light and become happy.”可知只有当我们享受整个自我改善的过程时，我们才会意识到自己轻装上阵，变得快乐，文章强调了change一词，所以C项更符合题意。

33.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了自我完善的重要性，鼓励人们走出自我认知盲区，积极提升自我，让生活变得更加美好。故D项符合题意。

四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题

【文章大意】文章主要介绍字母评分系统的相关信息。

34.【答案】It stands for “fail”.

【解析】根据文章第二段第二句“An F in this system simply stands for ‘fail’”可知答案。35.【答案】In 1897.

【解析】根据文章第四段可知，1897年Mount Holyoke College开始使用字母评分系统。36.【答案】Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for”excellent”. 【解析】根据文章第六段第三句"...one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for 'excellent '. "可知，老师担心部分学生和家长误认为E代表“优秀”。

37.【答案】They thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.

【解析】根据文章第七段第三、四句“As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.”可知,大部分老师认为字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的给学生打分的方法。

38.【答案】Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.

【解析】根据第八段第三句“They are familiar and easy for parents to understand.”可知，字母评分系统是父母所熟悉和容易理解的。

五、文段表达

题目①

【答案】One possible version：

Dear Peter：

How is it going?

There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.The Peking Opera lecture will start at 10: 00 this Friday morning in the school hall. I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture. In the lecture we can not only get some useful information about the Peking Opera, but also

get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.

There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all，remember to be there on time. What’s more, don’t forget to bring a camera with you, which can record the precious moment. Last but no least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.

If there is anything that I can do，please let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】本题要求以李华的名义给Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校举办的有关京剧的讲座，告知他讲座的时间、地点以及需要做的准备工作。按照写作提示书写注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，格式严谨；可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。

题目②

【答案】

It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation. It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.

First of all, I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house. Besides never have I wasted any food. What’s more, I don’t s pend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.

The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life. As the old saying goes,“Waste not; want not” I have made up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take action to stick to this virtue.

【解析】本题要求以李华的名义写一篇主题为“节约是美德”的短文，具体介绍实际生活中你是怎么做的以及这样做的意义。按照写作提示书写；注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，切合实际生活；适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。

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Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. } C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide A. City maps. B. Cameras C. Meals. D. Safety lights. B ） Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the . She has had a tight budget for her family. ~ 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4 A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet ] C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,