北师大版初三英语第4讲：unit 2 语法篇(教师版

Unit 2语法篇

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理解并掌握被动语态的结构及用法

被动语态

1. 被动语态的构成：be + p.p. (past participle动词的过去分词)

2. 不同时态的被动语态的构成

一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + p.p.

一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + p.p.

一般将来时的被动语态：will be + done/ be going to + p.p.

现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + p.p.

过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + p.p.

现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + p.p.

过去完成时的被动语态：had+ been + p.p.

含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(can, may, must)+ be + p.p.

eg: The room is filled with smoke.

The bridge wasn’t built until 1914.

Everything will be done to put out the fire.

The room is being cleaned at the moment.

He told me that the road was being repaired.

All of the food has been eaten up.

My homework had been done before I went home.

3. 使役动词、感官动词的被动语态

带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)

→The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)

(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …)

→We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。

We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.

记住下列变化：

see sb do…be seen to do

hear sb do….be heard to do

listen to sb do be listened to do

make sb do…be made to do

4. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表

示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。

常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

eg: The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。

对比：The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)

5. 被动语态的解题思路

(1) 判断主语与谓语动词的主被动关系

(2) 根据时间状语判断时态

(3) 根据不同时态被动语态的构成解出正确答案

1. ---The famous tower _______ more than 300 years ago.

A.build

B.builds

C.built

D.was built

2. This classroom ____________ for English Corner.

A. uses

B. is using

C. can be used

D. shall use

3. ---Will teachers __________ by computers in the future, Tony?

---Maybe yes, maybe no. But I’m sure we will learn something from both of them.

A.have replaced

B.are replacing

C.are replaced

D.be replaced

4. My sister _______ to the party yesterday. She had a good time with her friends.

A.invites

B.invited

C.was invited

D.is invited

5. ---Food safety is very important.

---So some rules _________ to stop people from polluting food.

A. must make

B. must be made

C. must made

D. be made

6. People who don’t work should be made________.

A.work

B.worked

C.to work

D.working

7. A party _______ in our school next month. I’m looking forward to it.

A. held

B. holds

C. is held

D. will be held

8. So far, the moon _______ by man already.

A. is visited

B. will be visited

C. has been visited

D. was visited

9. The flowers ____________ often.

A. must be water

B. must be watered

C. must watered

D. must water

10. Mary___________ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to

B. asks to

C. is asked

D. was asked to

解析：

1.tower和build的关系为被动，表示塔被建造；根据时间状语ago可知为一般过去时。一般过去时的构成为：was/were + p.p.故选D。

2. classroom和use的关系为被动，只有C选项是被动，情态动词的被动语态，情态动词+ be + p.p.题意为“这间教室可以被用作英语角”。故选C。

3. 题意为“将来老师会被电脑取代吗？”，一般将来时的被动语态，will + be + p.p.,故选D。

4. 题意为“我的妹妹昨天被邀请去了聚会”时间状语yesterday，my sister和invite的关系为被动，一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。

5. 题意为“食品安全非常重要，因此必须制定一些规则来阻止人们污染食物”，rules和make的关系为被动，并且该句表示强制语气，用情态动词must，故选B。

6. 题意为“那些不工作的人们应该工作”。该题包含一个定语从句“who don’t work”用来修饰people, make为使役动词，在被动语态中，宾语补足语应用to do的形式，故选C。

7. party和hold关系为被动，根据时间状语next month，可知该题为一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。

8. moon和visit关系为被动，月球被人类到访，so far, already为现在完成时的时间状语标志，故选C。

9. 根据选项，题意为“花必须经常被浇水”，情态动词的被动语态must + be + p.p.故选B。

10. 题意为“玛丽被要求向我展示她的新字典”，ask sb. to do sth. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态，动词不定式保持不变，故选D。

答案：

1-5 DCDCB 6-10 CDCBD

基础演练

用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.Which language _______ the most widely ________(speak) in the world?

2.The old man is ill. He _____________(must send) to the hospital.

3.They __________ (make) of metal and wood.

4.Can the magazine __________ (take) out of the library?

5.Some flowers _____________(water) by Li Ming already.

6.This kind of shoes _________ (sell) well.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae13128429.html,st year a large number of trees __________(cut) down.

8.The stars can’t __________(see) in the daytime.

9.The lost boy _________(not find) so far.

10.It’s said that (据说) that the long bridge ____________(build) in two months.

巩固提高

一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）

1.这种产品的价格取决于它的质量。

The price of this kind of product ________ _________ its quality.

2. 你怎么看待《汤姆索亚历险记》（这本书）？

What do you________ _________The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?

3.读书有助于帮助我们了解人性。

Reading can_________ us _________ about human nature.

4.为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在我们学校种很多树。

Next month many trees________ __________ _______in our school to make it more beautiful. 5.Alice在北京已经两年了，她习惯了这里的生活。

Alice has been in Beijing for two years. She _____ _______ _______ ______ ______ ______ here.

二、句型转换

1. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)

_______________________________________________________

2. You needn’t do it now. (改为被动语态)

_______________________________________________________

3. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)

_______________________________________________________

4. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为被动语态)

_______________________________________________________

5. The light green dresses have been sold out by Tom.(改为主动语态)

________________________________________________________

答案

基础演练

用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空

1. is spoken

2. must be sent

3. are made of

4. be taken

5. have been watered

6. sell

7. were cut

8. be seen

9. hasn’t been found 10. will be built

巩固提高

一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）

1.depends on

2.think of

3.help; understand

4.will be planted

5.has been used to the life

二、句型转换

1. An English song will be sung by the children.

2. It needn’t be done by you now.

3. I was made to do that for him.

4. Was a bridge built here by them a year ago?

5. Tom has sold out the light green dresses.

一、单项选择

1. Tom is a book lover. _______ likes reading very much.

A.She

B.He

C.You

D.They

2. The work __________ soon.

A.will be finished

B.has been finished

C.will finish

D.finishes

3. His famous work __________ in 1990.

A.published

B.is published

C.was published

D.has been published

4. The Great Wall___________ all over the world.

A.was known

B.is known

C.was knew

D.knows

5.A talk on Chinese history _________ in the school hall next week.

A.is given

B.has been given

C.will be given

D.gives

6. Now, people have more free time. Square Dancing is becoming more and more ________.

A. comfortable

B. difficult

C. different

D. popular

7. A person who is _________ does not tell lies or cheat people.

A. careless

B.stupid

C.honest

D.humorous

8. ---How’s he now? ---I hear the company _______ him a very good job, but he turned it down.

A. donated

B. offered

C. served

D. introduced

9. ---Excuse me, do you know _________________?

---Sure. There is a bookstore down the street.

A.where can I get some postcards

B.where I can get some postcards

C.when I can get some postcards

D.when can I get some postcards

10. The old bridge in my hometown _________________next month.

A.is going to be rebuilt

B.is going to rebuild

C.are going to be rebuilt

D.will rebuild

二、完形填空

Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting

a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his

favorite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be like a walk in

the park,” he’d told his wife. “I’ll look after 1 , and you can go to visit your

mom.”

Things started well, but just after eight o’clock, his three little “good kids”

— Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “Breakfast, daddy.” When 2 had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his s poon on Alex’s head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat (节拍). Mike chanted “Where’s my hot dog, where’s my hot dog.” in the background. Brad 3 his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.

Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy’s trousers on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex 4 again because he was going to wet his short pants (短裤). Nobody could find 5 socks, although they were before their eyes. Someone named “Not Me” had spilled (洒，泼出) a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already 6 .

By ten o’clock, things were out of7 . Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his 8 by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination 9 that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realized that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.

At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre (日托所). “I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was 10 “yes” because Brad was smiling.

1. A. the kids B. your work C. the house D. myself

2. A. clothes B. food C. dad D. mum

3. A. thought B. decided C. planned D. realized

4. A. cried B. shouted C. explained D. argued

5. A. clean B. dirty C. new D. old

6. A. started B. finished C. gone D. appeared

7. A. sight B. plan C. imagination D. control

8. A. idea B. difference C. talent D. hobby

9. A. showed B. predicted C. expressed D. provided

10. A. nearly B. probably C. obviously D. finally

答案

一、单项选择1-5 BACBC 6-10 DCBBA

二、完形填空1-5 ABDBA 6-10 ADCAC

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

一、单项选择

1. --- Excuse me, sir. ______ is it from here to No.6 Middle School?

--- It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.

A. How soon

B. How far

C. How much

D. How often

2. The roads in my hometown are ______ than before.

A. wide

B. wider

C. widest

D. the widest

3. Sorry, sir. I ______ follow you. Would you please speak slower?

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

4. The next Olympic Games ______ in Brazil in 2016.

A. will hold

B. will be held

C. hold

D. are held

5. There is ______ with your child. Don’t worry.

A. anything

B. something

C. everything

D. nothing

(附：单选1-5, 东城区2014—2015学年第一学期期末统一测试)

二、阅读理解

A

Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability. There are four parts in the book:

Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to wad information in writing to somebody else. There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.

Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记). There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.

Part 3 is Places: In this part, too many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some

formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcard. There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.

Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.

You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text. I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.

1. We can find the introduction to a product in ______.

A. Part 1

B. Part 2

C. Part 3

D. Part 4

2. Which of the following is most probably written in informal English?

A. A letter of complaint.

B. A computer handbook.

C. A letter to a friend.

D. A story of a president.

3. The passage is most probably written for _____.

A. test designers

B. students

C. test-takers

D. teachers

4. What is the best title of the book?

A. Test Your Reading

B. Help with Your Writing

C. Learn Different Kinds of English

D. Practise English in Different Ways

B

Reading is very important. World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It encourages people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor (尊敬) great writers.

Many countries celebrate (庆祝) World Book Day. On that day, millions of school children can buy books at a much lower price than usual in any bookstore in England. It has been done every year since 1998. World Book Day is also celebrated in China. Wen Jiabao, Premier of China, is an avid reader. He does lots of reading every day though he is very busy. On World Book Day 2009, he called on (号召) people to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. “Books can not change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves through reading,” he said.

Reading helps us become more knowledgeable and smarter. Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology (技术). Reading gives us information about other cultures and places in the world. Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. We all know that it is difficult to learn everything in the classroom, for example, the ways English people are living and working today can be learnt by reading.

Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the outside world. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time reading every day.

5. When is World Book Day?

A. August 8 every year

B. March 12 every year

C. April 23 every year

D. June 6 every year

6. An avid reader is a person who ________.

A. loves reading

B. never reads

C. does some reading

D. hates reading

7. World Book Day was set up in order to encourage people to ________..

A. learn foreign languages

B. do more reading

C. buy more books

D. know more about science

8. According to the passage, reading can help people in many ways EXCEPT ________.

A. learning English better

B. knowing more about cultures

C. improving your health

D. knowing more about the outside world

9. What's the best title for the article?

A. World Book Day in England.

B. Suggestions on Reading.

C. World Book Day in China.

D. World Book Day and the Advantages of Reading.

C

Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or only go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find a shelter(躲避处) from a sudden rain. Whatever the reason, you can soon totally become unaware(未意识到) of your surroundings. You soon become interested in some books or others, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and have to rush off to keep some forgotten appointment.

This chance to escape the realities(现实) of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can walk around such a place as much as you wish. If it is a good shop, no assistant will come up to you with the greeting “Can I help you” You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished reading. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.

Once a medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn’t borrow it from the library and the only copy he could find was in a certain bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was disappointed to find the book missing from his usual place. He was about to leave, when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be told off, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book which was tucked (folded beautifully) away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone tries to buy it,” he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.

10. According to the passage, the main attraction of a bookshop is that .

A. people can learn something from books

B. it can be a shelter from a sudden rain

C. it is the surrounding of new knowledge

D. it offers a chance to get free from realities

11. The writer thinks that the assistant in a good bookshop should__________.

A. always greet customers pleasantly and warmly

B. help the readers to find what they want to read

C. not say a word to the customers while they read

D. not stand behind the bookshelf all the time

12. The underlined word “beckoning” in the last paragraph means__________.

A. waving somebody to come up

B. laughing at a person openly

C. shouting at somebody angrily

D. shaking one’s head to show disagreement

13. The purpose of writing the third paragraph is to .

A. tell us a story that happened in a bookshop

B. support his idea of what a good bookshop is like

C. teach us how to read in a shop without buying books

D. advise us to help other people whenever we can

答案

一、单项选择1-5 BBABD

二、阅读理解1-4 DCBA 5-9 CABCD 10-13 DCAB

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