专八英美文学常识整理(综合版)

British Literature

1.450-1066Old English

a)Beowulf(7th-8th)头韵alliteration

1.Pagan heroism&Fatalism&Christian

2.Poem

3.Scene:Denmark

2.1066-1485Medieval Age French/Latin

a)Caedmon(610-680)the earliest English poet

1.Caedmon’s Hymn

b)Bede(673-735)Father of Historiography英国史学之父

1.Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum

c)King Alfred(848-901)Wessex Father of English Prose

1.Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

d)William Langland(1332-1400)

1.Piers the Plowman

e)Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)

Father of English Poetry;

1st to use Heroic Couplet英雄双行体;

Poet of Westminster Abbey

1.The Canterbury Tales24stories

2.The Romaunt of the Rose翻译的发过作品

3.The Legend of good Women

4.The House of Fame

f)The Gawain-Poet(无名诗人)

1.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(1360-1370)头韵alliteration

g)Sir Thomas Malory(1405-1471)

1.Le Morte d’Arthur(The Death of Arthur)(1470)第一部关于亚瑟王传奇故事的英语散文作品3.14th-17th Renaissance Humanism;Poetry&Poetic

drama

a)Thomas More(1478-1535)Humanist

1.Utopia

b)Philip Sidney(1554-1586)the complete man

1.Astrophel and Stella被认为是伊丽莎白时代除莎士比亚外最好的十四行诗

2.The Defence of Poesie(or Apology for Poetry)最早英语散文之一

c)Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)Poet’s poet;Spenserian Stanza

1.The Faerie Queene Allegorical work dedicated to Queen ElizabethⅠ

2.The Shepherd Calendar

d)Francis Bacon(1561-1626)唯物主义；现代科学；1st English essayist

1.Essays58篇

2.The Advancement of Learning

3.The New Instrument

e)Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)greatest of the pioneers of English Drama;most gifted of

the“university wits”;blank verse

1.Tamburlaine人性对权力的渴求

2.Te Tragical History of Doctor Faustus人性对知识、幸福的渴求

f)William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Ben Johnson:was not of an age,but for all time

i.154sonnets:first126addressed to the young nobleman;later28to Dark Lady

ii.4tragedies:Hamlet;King Lear;Othello;Macbeth

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,edies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream

As you like it

Merchant of Venice

Twelfth Night

Much Ado About Nothing无事生非

The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记

iv.Tragicomedy:Romeo and Juliet

v.Chronicle Play:

1.亨利六、四、五、八世

2.理查德三、二世

3.凯撒

4.Cleopatra克莉奥帕特拉

vi.Miracle Play:

1.Pericles

2.Cymbeline

3.The Winter’s Tale

4.The Tempest

g)Ben Johnson(1572-1637)Forerunner of classicism;first Poet Laureate

1.Every Man in His Humour个性互异

2.Song:To Celia英语中最有名的爱情诗之一

3.Volpone

4.The Alchemist炼金术士

h)John Donne(1572-1631)Metaphysical school of poetry奇特的比喻

1.Songs and Sonnets best known poem collection;Love主题

2.The Flea

3.The Sun Rising

4.The Holy Sonnets

5.Death,Be Not Proud

6.Go and Catch a Falling Star

7.A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning

i)John Milton(1608-1674)1st to use blank verse in non-dramatic works

1.Paradise Lost12books;from Old Testment;a revolt against God’s authority

2.Paradise Regained New Testment;how Christ overcame Santa

3.Samson Agonistes poetical drama;Book of Judges士师记

4.Defence of the English people

5.Second Defence of the English People

4.Mid17th-18th Neoclassical Period early17th:Age of Milton;late17th:Age of

Dryden

Poetry

Metaphysical poets:17th初受John Donne

影响

a)John Dryden(1631-1700)Father of English Criticism、桂冠诗人

1.All for Love

2.Alexander’s Feast

3.An Essay of Dramatic Poesy使其成为当时最杰出的批评家

b)John Bunyan(1628-1688)英国文学史上首位小说家

1.The Pilgrim’s Progress成名作religious allegory

与《神曲》（但丁）、《忏悔录》（奥古斯丁）并称为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作

2.The Holy War

3.The life and Death of Mr.Badman

c)Samuel Pepys(1633-1731)17th最伟大的diarist

d)Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)Father of English and European novels

现实主义小说代表作家

1.Robison Crusoe

2.A journal of the Plague year

3.Captain Singleton

e)Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)以Satirical Prose闻名

1.Gulliver’s Travel

2.A Tale of a Tub

3.A Modest proposal

4.The Drapier’s letters

f)Alexander Pope(1688-1744)英雄双行体登峰造极

1.An Essay on Criticism

2.An Essay on Man

3.The Rape of the Lock

4.Odyssey

g)Samuel Richardson(1689-1761)founder of the English domestic novel

现实主义小说代表作家

1.Pamela

2.Clarissa

3.The History of Sir Charles Grandison

h)Henry Fielding(1707-1754)现实主义小说先驱，现实注意理论奠基人

1.Amelia

2.The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling代表作，获称Prose Homer

3.Joseph Andrews

i)Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者

1.A Dictionary of the English Language

2.The Vanity of Human Wishes

3.London

j)Lawrence Sterne(1713-1768)

k)Thomas Gray(1716-1771)

1.Elegy Written in a country churchyard

2.Ode on the spring

l)Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774)

1.The Vicar of Wakefield

2.She Stoops to Conquer

m)Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)18世纪最伟大的剧作家

1.The school for the scandal

2.The Rivals

5.Mid-18th–mid-19th Romantic Period

a)Robert Burns(1759-1796)苏格兰最伟大的诗人；前浪漫主义代表诗人

1.A Red,Red Rose

2.Auld Lang Syme

3.The Tree of Liberty

4.Holy Willie’s Praiser

5.My Heart’s in the Highlands

6.A Man’s A Man for A’That

7.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect

b)William Blake(1767-1827)19世纪浪漫主义先驱

1.Songs of Experience

2.Songs of Innocence

3.Poetical Sketches

4.The marriage of heaven and hell

c)William Wordsworth(1770-1850)湖畔诗人最杰出代表；

1843桂冠诗人

1.Lyrical Ballads

2.To the Cuckoo

3.My Heart leaps up

d)Walter Scott(1771-1832)Father of Historical Novel

Edinburg

1.Ivanhoe英国历史为背景

2.Waverley

3.The Black Dwarf

4.Rob Roy苏格兰历史为背景

5.Old Mortality

6.Quentin Durward欧洲其他国家历史为背景

7.The Lady of the Lake

8.The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border

e)Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772-1834)湖畔诗人

1.Kubla Khan忽必烈汗

2.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

3.The Fall of the Bastille

4.Christabel

f)Robert Southey(1774-1843)湖畔诗人；1813桂冠诗人

1.Joan of Arc圣女贞德

2.The Battle of Blenheim

3.My Days among the Dead Are Past

4.Thalaba the Destroyer

5.The Curse of Kehama

g)Charles Lamb(1775-1834)散文家

1.Tales from Shakespeare

2.Essays of Elia

3.New Year’s Eve

4.The Praise of Chimney Sweepers

5.Old China

h)Jane Austen(1775-1817)

1.Emma

2.Sense and Sensibility

3.Pride and Prejudice

4.Mansfield Park

5.Persuasion

i)George Gordon Byron(1788-1824)

1.Cain

2.Don Juan

3.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage

j)Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)

1.Ode to the West Wind

2.Ode to the Skylark

3.Prometheus unbounded

4.The Necessity of Atheism

5.Queen Mab

k)John Keats(1795-1821)

1.Ode to Autumn

2.Ode to a nightingale

3.Ode on a Grecian um希腊古瓷颂

4.Isabella

l)Mary Shelley(1797-1851)

1.Frankenstein第一部科幻小说

6.1836-1901Victorian Period

a)Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)

1.Sonnets from the Portuguese

2.The Cry of the Children

b)Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)19th最高产的诗人;1850桂冠诗人；Poet of the

People

1.In Memoriam悼念朋友A.H.Hallam

2.The Princess

3.Idylls of the King

4.Break,Break,Break

5.Poems by Two Brothers

6.Enoch Arden

7.Maud

c)Mrs.Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell(1810-1865)英国小说史上首批把工人阶级与资本家的斗争些

人小说的作家之一

1.Mary Barton

2.Life of Charlotte Bronte

3.North and South

d)William Makepeace Thackeray(1811-1863)critical realism

1.Vanity Fair塑造了19th贵族资产阶级的典型形象

2.Henry Esmond

3.The Newcomes

e)Charles Dickens(1812-1870)

1.Oliver Twist

2.The Pickwick Papers

3.Sketches by Boz

4.The Old Curiosity Shop

5.David Copperfield his favorite

6.Dombey and Son

7.American Notes

8.A Tale of Two Cities French Revolution;Paris,London

9.Bleak House

10.Hard Times

11.Great Expectations

f)Robert Browning(1812-1889)诗人及剧作家;戏剧独白诗

Dramatic monologues

1.My Last Duchess独白诗代表

2.Men and Women

3.The Ring and the Book奠定位列伟大诗人的作品

4.Home Thoughts from Abroad

5.Meeting at Night

6.Dramatic Lyrics

7.Strafford

8.Dramatic Romances an Lyrics

g)Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)

1.Jane Eyre女性主义代表作品

2.Shirley

h)Emily Bronte(1818-1848)

1.Wuthering Heights诗歌式的语言，多视角

i)Anne Bronte(1820-1849)

1.Agnes Grey

j)George Eliot(1819-1880)原名：Mary Ann Evans;

Realism;Psychological insights

“1st novelist to start putting al the actions inside”--DH Lawrence

1.Adam Bede

2.The Mill on the Floss

3.Silas Marner

4.Middlemarch

k)William Morris(1830-1896)

principal founder of the British Arts and Crafts movement

1.The Earthly Paradise

2.News form Nowhere

3.A Dream of John Ball

4.Chants of Socialism

5.Pilgrims of Hope

l)Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)

Wessex多数小说展开的地点，古七国之一

1.Far from the Madding Crowd

2.Jude the Obscure

3.Tess of the D’Urbervilles男人无法掌控自己的命运

4.The Mayor of Casterbridge

5.The Return of the Native

m)Robert Stevenson(1850-1894)苏格兰散文家、诗人、小说家；新浪漫主义杰出代表

1.Treasure Island金银岛

2.The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde化身博士

3.Kidnapped

4.New Arabian Nights新天方夜谭

5.A Child’s Garden of Verses

6.Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes

7.An Inland Voyage

n)Oscar Wilde(1854-1900)爱尔兰诗人、剧作家、小说家、散文家、Aestheticism 唯美主义代表

1.The Importance of Being Earnest

2.The Picture of Dorian Gray唯一的小说

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,dy Windermere’s Fan

4.The Happy Prince and Other Tales

5.AN Ideal Husband

6.A Woman of No Importance

o)Joseph Conrad(1857-1924)波兰裔小说家

1.The Nigger of the Narcissus

2.Heart of Darkness黑暗之心

3.Lord Jim吉姆老爷

4.Youth

7.20th Modern Period

a)George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)生于爱尔兰都柏林1925诺奖

1.Major Barbara

2.Mrs.Warren’s Profession

3.Widowers’Houses Joan

4.Pygmalion改编成音乐剧My Fair Lady

5.Saint Joan圣女贞德赢得诺奖

6.The Quintessence of Ibsenism

7.John Bull’s Other Island

8.Man and Superman

b)William Butler Yeats(1865-1939)爱尔兰诗人、剧作家；1923首位爱尔兰诺奖得主；

早期英国象征主义symbolism诗歌代表

1.When you are Old

2.The Autumn of the Body

3.The Wind among the Reeds

4.The Land of Heart’s Desire

5.The Tower

6.The Wild Swan at Coole

7.Sailing to Byzantium

8.The Second Coming

9.Leda and the Swan

c)Herbert George Wells(1866-1946)forerunner of modern science fiction

1.The Time Machine

d)John Galsworthy(1867-1933)20th realistic writer;1932诺奖

1.The Forsyte Saga most famous trilogy

a)The Man of Property

b)In Chancery

c)To Let

2.A Modern Comedy

a)The White Monkey

b)The Silver Spoon

c)Swan Song

剧本：

3.The Silver Box

4.Strife

e)W.S.Maugham(1874-1965)剧作家，小说、短篇小说家

1.Of Human Bondage

2.The Moon and Sixpence

f) E.M.Forster(1879-1970)讽刺；20th社会阶级不平等及伪善

1.A Room with a View

2.A Passage to India

3.Where Angels Fear to Tread

4.Howards End

g)James Joyce(1882-1941)意识流

1.Dubliners短篇小说集；共15篇；20世纪中下层市民生活

2.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man半自传体

3.Ulysses现代主义在文学的重要体现；非传统小说；现代散文体史诗；

4.Finnegans Wake

h)Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)stream of consciousness；

poetic style;feminist

1.Mrs.Dalloway

2.A Room of One’s Own

3.To the Lighthouse

4.The Waves

5.Three Guineas

6.Jacob’s Room

7.Orlando

i)David Herbert Lawrence(1885-1930)小说家、诗人

1.Sons and Lovers自传体小说；Oedipus Complex

2.The Rainbow

3.The White Peacock

4.Women in Love结构上比其他的小说更出色

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,dy Chatterley’s Lover

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,wrence Trilogy:

a)A Collier’s Friday Night

b)The Daughter-in-Law

c)The Widowing of Mrs.Holroyed

j)T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)1948诺奖；modernist；诗人；剧作家；评论家

1.The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock戏剧独白诗；意识流

2.Ash Wednesday

3.The Waste Land一战后人们精神上的堕落

4.Four Quartets后期主要诗作

k)Katharine Mansfield(1888-1923)女；英国小说家

1.Bliss

2.The Garden Party

l)George Orwell(1903-1950)novelist&journalist

1.Animal Farm

2.1984

3.Homage to Catalonia记述西班牙内战

m)Samuel Beckett(1906-1989)1969诺奖，forerunner of Absurd Drama荒诞派戏剧

1.Waiting for Godot

n)William Golding(1911-1994)小说家，诗人，剧作家，诺奖

1.Lord of the Flies

2.The Inheritors

o)Doris Lessing(1919-2013)2007诺奖

1.The Golden Notebook

p)John Osborne(1929-1994)Angry Young Man领军人物

1.Look Back in Anger

American Literature

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,te-16th-mid-17th Literature o Colonial Settlements

a)The Bay Psalmbook first book in Anglo-America;希伯来文-->英文

b)John Smith(1580-1631)

1.A True Relation of Virginia

2.A Map of Virginia:with a Description of the Country

c)Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672)1st notable poet

1.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

2.Contemplations

d)Edward Taylor(1642-1729)conservative Puritan minister;Metaphysical Poets

1.God’s Determinations Touching his Elect

e)Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758)most famed preachers of the Great Awakening

1.Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

2.The Freedom of the Will

3.The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended

4.The Nature of True Virtue

2.mid-17th-18th Revolution of Independence

a)Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)

1.A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;

2.Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；

3.The Way to Wealth致富之道；

4.The Autobiography自传

b)Thomas Paine(1737-1909)

1.The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af17396223.html,mon Sense常识；

3.American Crisis美国危机；

4.Rights of Man人的权利：

5.Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；

6.The Age of Reason理性时代

c)Philip Freneau(1752-1832)poet of American revolution;father of American Poetry

1.The British Prison Ship英国囚船；

2.The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；

3.To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；

4.The Wild Honeysuckle野金银花；

5.The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地(lyric)

d)Phillis Wheatley(1754-1784)美国史上首位黑人女诗人

1.On Messrs Hussey and Coffin

e)William Dunlap(1766-1839)美国喜剧先驱

1.History of the American Theater

2.Major Andre

3.18th-19th Romanticism

a)Washington Irving(1783-1859)美国文学之父

1.A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；

2.The Sketch Book见闻札记浪漫注意的开端，美国文学史上第一部短篇小说集

a)The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；

b)Rip Van Winkle

3.Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；

4.Talks of Travellers旅客谈；

5.The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉

b)James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)frontier sagas and sea adventure tales

1.The Spy间谍;

2.The Pilot领航者;

3.The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;

4.Leather Stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:

a)The Pioneer拓荒者；

b)The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;

c)The Prairie大草原;

d)The Pathfinder探路者;

e)The Deerslayer杀鹿者

c)William Cullen Bryant(1794-1878)

1.To a Waterfowl用美国英语写作的最完美的短诗

2.Thanatpsis

3.The Yellow Violet

d)Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)Transcendentalism运动领袖

1.Concord Hymn康考德颂;

2.The Rhodo杜鹃花;

3.The Humble Bee野蜂;

4.Days日子-首开自由诗之先河

5.Essays散文集:

6.Nature论自然新英格兰超验主义者的宣言The Bible of Transcendentalism;Manifesto of American Transcendentalism;

7.The American Scholar论美国学者;Intellectual Declaration of Independence

8.Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵

9.Self-reliance论自立;

10.The Transcendentalist超验主义者;

11.Representative Men代表人物;

12.English Traits英国人的特征;

13.School Address神学院演说

e)Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)人性的原罪

1.Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事

2.Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗

3.The Scarlet Letter红字1st symbolic novel;Hester Prynne

4.The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史

5.Fanshaw

6.The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇

7.The Marble Faun玉石雕像

f)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807-1882)诗人角

1.The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗

2.Voices of the Night夜吟

3.Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗

4.Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗

5.Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事

6.诗集：

a)An April Day四月的一天

b)A Psalm of Life人生礼赞最出名的一首短诗

c)Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔

d)Evangeline伊凡吉琳

e)The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；

f)Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗

g)Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1848)father of psychoanalytic criticism and detective story

1.Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集

2.Tales故事集

3.The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌

4.Ligeia莱琪儿

5.Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；

6.Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗

7.Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗

8.The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:

a)The Raven乌鸦

b)The City in the Sea海城

c)Israfel伊斯拉菲尔

d)To Hellen致海伦

h)Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862)

1.Walden

2.Civil Disobedience

3.A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

i)Herman Melville(1819-1891)

1.Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；

2.Typee泰比

3.Omoo奥穆

4.Mardi玛地

5.Redburn雷得本

6.White Jacket白外衣

7.Pierre皮尔埃

8.Piazza广场故事

9.Billy Budd比利·巴德

j)Walt Whitman(1819-1892)

1.Leaves of Grass草叶集第一部真正的史诗

a)Song of Myself自我之歌

b)I Sit Here and Look Out

c)Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking

2.O Captain!O Captain!

3.Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌

4.I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱

5.When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时

6.Democratic Vistas民主的前景

7.The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题

k)Emily Dickson(1830-1886)romantic poet;1,800poems

1.The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----

a)Because I Could Not Stop for Death

b)I Died for Beauty-But Was Scarce

c)I’m Nobody.Who Are You？

d)This is My Letter to the World

e)I Heard a Fly Buzz When I die

4.19th-20th Realism

a)Harriet Beecher Stowe(1811-1896)

1.Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋

2.A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片

3.The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚

4.The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠

5.Oldtown Folks老城的人们

b)Mark Twain(1835-1910)美国文学史上的林肯；first truly American writer-Faulkner

1.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙

2.The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记

3.The Gilded Age镀金时代

4.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记

5.The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿

6.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记现代美国文学之源-海明威

7.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬

8.The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊

9.Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克

10.The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人

11.How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结

c)William Dean Howells(1837-1920)现实主义奠基人

1.The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹代表着

2.A Modern Instance一个现代的例证

3.A Hazard of Now Fortunes《新财富的危害》

d)Henry James(1843-1916)与豪威尔斯齐名；关注人物复杂心理

1.Daisy Miller黛西米勒；

2.The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；

3.The Bostonians波士顿人；

4.The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；

5.The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；

6.The Ambassadors大使；

7.The Golden Bowl金碗

8.评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家

a)Hawthorne霍桑

b)Partial Portraits不完全的画像

c)Notes and Reviews札记与评论

d)Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术

e)O.Henry(1862-1910)美国短篇小说之父

f)Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)

1.Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹

2.Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘

3.Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic斯多葛)

4.An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）

5.Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗

6.The Genius天才

g)Stephen Crane(1871-1900)自然主义、印象主义

1.Maggie:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；

2.The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；

3.The Open Boat小划子

4.The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇

h)Jack London(1876-1916)

1.The Son of the Wolf狼之子

2.The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤

3.The Sea-wolf海狼

4.White Fang白獠牙

5.The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们

6.The Iron Heel铁蹄

7.Marti Eden马丁·伊登

8.How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人

9.The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争

10.What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么

11.Revolution革命

12.Love of Life热爱生活

13.The Mexican墨西哥人

14.The Law of Life生活的法则

15.Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下

i)Sherwood Anderson(1876-1941)

1.Winesburg,Ohio由发生在小镇上的23个相关小故事构成

j)Edwin Arlington Robinson(1869-1935)1920s最伟大的诗人；作品有自然主义特色

1.Tilbury Town

2.The House on the Hill

3.Richard Cory

4.Miniver Cheevy

5.20th-Modernism

a)Robert Lee Frost(1874-1963)诗作关于新英格兰的风景和人;四次

1.New Hampshire

b)Wallace Stevens(1879-1955)

1.Harmonium风琴

2.Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨

3.The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦

c)Erza Pound(1885-1972)美国现代诗歌之父；意象派

1.In a Station of the Metro

2.The Cantos

3.A Virginal

4.A Pact

5.Salutation the Second

6.The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神

7.The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选

8.Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）

9.Literary Essays文学论

10.Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley

11.A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条

12.Personage面具

13.Polite Essays文雅集

14.The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）

d)Sinclair Lewis(1885-1951)第一位成为诺奖得主的美国作家

1.Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生

2.The Job求职

3.The Main Street大先进

4.Babbitt巴比特

5.Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯

6.Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里

7.Dodsworth多兹沃斯

8.It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里

9.Kingsblood Royal王孙梦

e)Eugene Galdstone O’Neill(1888-1953)1936诺奖

1.Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢代表作；自传性质

2.Beyond the Horizon

3.Desire Under the Elms

4.The Iceman Cometh

5.The Hairy Ape

f)Thomas Stearns Eliot(1888-1965)

1.Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）

2.The Waste Land荒原

3.The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼

4.A Game of Chess弈棋

5.The Fire Sermon火诫

6.Death by Water水边之死

7.The Hollow Man空心人

8.The Sacred Wood圣林

9.Gerontion小老头

10.What the Thunder Said雷电之言

11.名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三

12.Four Quarters四个四重奏

13.诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案

14.Family Reunion大团圆

15.Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会

g)Pearl S.Buck(1892-1973)赛珍珠1934年前主要在中国；1932普利策；1938诺奖（美国历史上第一个）

1.The Good Earth大地获得普利策小说奖

h) E.E.Cummings(1894-1962)Forerunner of Concrete Poetry and Visual Poetry

1.Tulips and Chimneys郁金香与烟囱

2.The Enormous Room大房间

3.XLI Poems诗41首

4.Viva万岁

5.No,Thanks不，谢谢

6.Collected Poems诗集

7.Eimi爱米（访苏游记）

i) F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940)迷惘的的一代;Spokesman of the Jazz Age

1.The Side of Paradise人间天堂

2.The Beautiful and the Damned美丽与毁灭

3.The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比

4.Tender in the Night夜色温柔

5.The Last Tycoon最后的巨头

6.短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们

7.Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事

8.Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫

9.May Days五一节

10.The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石

11.Winter Dreams冬天的梦

12.The Rich Boy富家子弟

13.Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦

14.The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集

j)William Faulkner(1897-1962)1950诺奖；南方新旧之间冲突的史诗式描写

1.The Sound and the Fury lost innocence;意识流

2.The Hamlet

3.The Town

4.The Mansion

5.A Fable

6.Absalom,Absalom!Historical novel

7.Go Down,Moses

8.As I Lay Dying

9.Light in August

10.A Rose for Emily

k)Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)迷惘的一代（Gertrude Stein首先使用；“你们都是迷惘的一代”被作为<太阳照样升起>的卷首语）；iceberg principle;1954诺奖；1953普利策奖

1.In Our Time在我们的年代里

2.The Torrents of Spring春潮

3.The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起

4.Farewell to Arms永别了，武器

5.For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣

6.短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人

7.The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获

8.The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇

9.政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥

l)Vladimir Nabokov(1899-1977)俄罗斯裔长短篇小说家、诗人

1.Lolita

m)John Steinbeck(1902-1968)经济大萧条时期最杰出的小说家；1962诺奖；1940普利策奖

1.Cup of Gold金杯

2.Tortilla Flat煎饼房

3.In Dubious Battle胜负未定

4.Of Mice and Men鼠和人

5.The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄经济大萧条时期的美国现状

6.The Moon is Down月落

7.Cannery Row罐头厂街

8.The Pearl珍珠

9.The Winter of Or Discontent

10.The Pastures of Heaven

11.短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马

12.The Great Mountains大山

13.The Promise许诺

14.The Leader of the People人们的领袖

n)Langston Hughes(1902-1967)

1.Mulatto混血儿（剧本）

2.The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声

3.Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神

4.Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚

5.I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考

6.The Best of Simple辛普尔精选

o)Isaac Bashevis Singer(1904-1991)1978诺奖

1.The Magician of Lublin鲁柏林的魔术师

p)Tennessee Williams(1911-1983)二战后最杰出剧作家；关注现代人的寂寞和孤立

1.American Blues美国的布鲁斯

2.Battle of Angels天使的战斗

3.The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园

4.The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车获得普利策奖；揭露暴力和性变态主题

5.Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫

6.The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜

7.Summer and Smoke夏与烟

8.The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹

9.Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟

q)WIBernard Malamud(1914-1986)

1.The Assistant店员

r)Ralph Ellison(1914-1994)

1.看不见的人

s)William Burroughs(1914-1997)垮掉一代的重要作家；后现代主义的重要作家

1.Naked Lunch裸体午餐

t)Arthur Miller(1915-2005)

1.Situation Normal情况正常

2.The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人

3.All My Sons都是我的儿子

4.The Death of a Salesman推销员代表着；获得普利策戏剧奖；托尼戏剧音乐奖；美国梦造成的悲剧

5.The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫

6.A View from the Bridge桥头眺望

7.A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆

8.After the Fall堕落之后

9.Incident at Vichy维希事件

10.The Price代价

11.The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他

12.The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板

13.The American Clock美国时钟

u)Saul Bellow(1915-2005)1976诺奖

1.Dangling Man晃来晃去的人

2.Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物

3.Seize the Day勿失良辰

v)Jerome David Salinger(1919-2010)

1.长篇小说：The Catcher in the Rye麦田里的守望者

2.短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇

3.中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼

4.Zooey卓埃

5.Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高

6.Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人

w)Jack Kerouac(1922-1969)the beat generation

1.On the Road自传性质

x)Joseph Heller(1923-1999)讽刺小说家；短篇小说家；剧作家；黑色幽默

1.长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规黑色幽默代表

2.Something Happened出了毛病

3.As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好

4.剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文

5.Catch-22

6.Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）

y)Allen Ginsberg(1926-1997)The Beat Generation;

1.Howl与惠特曼《自我之歌》、艾略特《荒原》为美国文学重要长诗

z)Edward Albee(1928-)受荒诞派戏剧和残酷戏剧的影响

1.The Zoo Story动物园的故事

2.The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死

3.The Sandbox沙箱

4.The American Dream美国梦

5.Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫代表作

6.Tiny Alice小爱丽丝

7.A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群

8.Seascape海景

9.The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人

10.The Man With Three Arms在臂人

aa)Toni Morrison(1931-)1993诺奖；第一个获得诺奖的非洲裔美国女作家

1.The Bluest Eye

2.Song of Solomon

3.Beloved宠儿

ab)John Updike(1932-2009)sweet lonesome singer of Protestant mediocrity

1.Rabbit Series:

a)Rabbit,Run

b)Rabbit Redux

c)Rabbit is Rich

d)Rabbit at Rest

ac)Alice Walker(1944-)第一位获得普利策奖的黑人女作家

1.Everyday Use日用家当

2.The Color Purple紫色

a)Samuel Butler Erehwon埃瑞璜乌托邦，讽刺英国社会

b)Edith Wharton现实主义作家

1.The House of Mirth欢乐之家

2.The Age of Innocence天真时代讽刺暴发户的庸俗和私利、上层社会狭隘的文化和

传统观念

c)Upton Sinclair

1.The Jungle屠宰场芝加哥屠宰场剥削工人的小说

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france

专八英美文学总结

英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人

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英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line. 2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌

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英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

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★英美文学知识 (专八)

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英语专八 马思特英美文学概论[重点]

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1.英语专业八级人文知识精讲,王苏春主编,南京大学出版社 2.冲击波系列和海冰系列. 改错部分 1.英语专业八级改错与翻译100+100 专八人文知识必背 7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常 在由 like或 as引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的 思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚） 8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之 间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟 9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲 聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness 10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben. 11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him. 12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通 常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。

英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习

英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习：美国地理概况 本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。 The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one. 瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。 The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range. 阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。 The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains. 科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。 The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus. 指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。 The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. 指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。 The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain. 大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。 The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers. 密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。 The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario. 北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。 The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters. 尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，平均落差为49米。 Yellow stone National Park黄石国家公园：Located in the northern part of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。 Grand Canyon大峡谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth. 大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。 Old Faithful老忠实喷泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes. 老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。 Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.