2015年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(三)

Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (1) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.

Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (2) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments, (3) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.

Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (4) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (5) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest

for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.

Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.

答案

1.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。

2.第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。

3.因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。

4.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。

5.在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。

总体分析

本文主要介绍了经济学的研究发展历史。

第一段：经济学的定义及研究对象。

第二、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。

第四、五段：经济学研究的古代和现代理论。

试题精解

1.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：并列分句、后置定语。

该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。第一个分句中how引导的从句做explain的宾语;第二个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语，翻译时应提前。

词汇方面：contribute to意为“是……的原因;增进，有助于”;knowledge意为“知识;知晓，了解”，文中活译

为“对…的理解”。

2.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、状语。

句子的主干是The first explains how…。主语后的名词短语price theory or microeconomics是其同位语，因此翻译the first时，应增译为“第一个领域”。how引导宾语从句，其主干是the interplay … creates …。介词短语in competitive markets做地点状语，翻译时应前置。

词汇方面：interplay意为“相互影响”;a multitude of意为“许多的，大量的”;individual意为“个别的，单独的， 个人的”;margin意为“(时间、空间、金钱的)余地”，profit margin指“利润空间”。

3.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：词性转换。

该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句,句子主干是the indicated cure is…,表语由并列连词either … or…连接。 词汇方面：indicated是过去分词用做形容词，动词indicate意为“表明，暗示，提及，建议”，根据上下文indicated译为“建议的”。more investment，more spending和larger budget deficits是形容词比较级加名词，根据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配，即“扩大投资”、“增加开支”和“增加预算赤字”。

4.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、分词做状语。

主句是Aristotle and … wrote about problems …，后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句，采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feeling that …在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that后引导的是宾语从句，做feeling的宾语。

词汇方面：be prejudiced against意为“对…有偏见”，undesirable意为“不想要的，不得人心的”。

5.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：非谓语动词作后置定语、定语从句。

该句含有which引导的非限定性从句做定语，翻译时拆开单独成句，并重复先行词，做从句的主语。

词汇方面：condemn意为“谴责”，taking of interest是动名词结构，可增译为“获利的行为”。

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

考研英语2000阅读及翻译

考研英语－-２０00-阅读及翻译

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２000Passage 1 1. A histoｒyｏf ｌong and efｆｏrtless sｕｃｃess can be a ｄreaｄｆｕl ｈaｎdicap, but, if proｐｅrly haｎdleｄ,it may become a dｒiｖｉng force. When the UniteｄStａtes entereｄｊｕｓt sｕch a glowing pｅriod ａfｔer ｔhe ｅnd ｏf the Ｓeｃond Ｗorｌd Ｗａr, iｔhadａｍａrkeｔｅighｔｔiｍｅｓl ａrger than anｙｃompetｉｔｏr，ｇiving iｔs inｄusｔriｅs unpａrａlｌｅｌｅｄeco ｎoｍies ｏf scａle．Itｓｓcientiｓts were tｈe wｏrld's bｅst, itｓｗoｒｋers thｅmｏsｔskiｌled．Ａmericａand Ａｍericans ｗeｒe prospeｒoｕsｂｅyonｄｔhe dreamｓof thｅEuropｅaｎｓａnd Asｉans whoseｅconｏmieｓｔhe war ｈaｄdｅstroyed. 一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素,但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。二战结束后,美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有前所未有的规模经济。美国的科学家是世上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技术的。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法达到的。 Iｔwas inｅvｉtable thａt ｔhis ｐｒｉmaｃy shoulｄhave naｒroweｄas otheｒcoｕnｔｒieｓｇrew rｉcher. Ｊust as iｎevｉtａbｌｙ, tｈe ｒetreat from ｐrｅdomiｎancｅpｒoｖed paiｎful．By the mid-1９８0s Ameｒicans had fｏｕｎd thｅｍｓｅlves at a lｏｓs over ｔheir fａｄing ｉndustrial comｐetｉtiｖenｅｓs．Ｓomｅhuｇe Aｍerican inｄustｒiｅs, suｃh ａs conｓumer elｅctrｏｎics, ｈａｄsｈrunkｏr vaｎished ｉn tｈe facｅof fｏreigｎｃompetｉtｉｏn. Ｂy 19８７there waｓonly one Amｅrican teleｖisiｏnｍakerｌeｆt，Zenitｈ．(Now th ｅｒe is nｏｎe:Zeｎitｈwaｓbｏｕｇｈｔby South Koｒea's LG ElectｒonicｓiｎＪuｌy.) Foｒeign－maｄe carｓaｎd textiｌe s were ｓｗｅeping intｏtｈe ｄoｍestｉc market. Aｍeriｃａ＇s machｉne-tool industrｙwas on tｈe ropes. 2．Fo ｒaｗｈiｌe it looｋｅd as tｈouｇｈthe ｍａｋｉng of ｓemicoｎductorｓ,wh ｉch America haｄｉnｖｅnted ａｎd ｗhich sat at ｔhe heａrtｏf tｈｅｎeｗｃomputer aｇe, was goingｔo be the nｅｘt caｓuａlｔy. 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。到了80年代中期,面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到不知所措。面对国外竞争,一些大型的美国工业,如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。到1９87年，美国只剩下Zeniｔh这一家电视生产商。(现在一家也没有了:Zeｎith于当年7月被韩国ＬG电器公司收购。)外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在大举进入国内市场。美国的机床工业也即将灭亡。人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 Aｌｌof tｈiｓcａused a crisis of conｆｉdenｃe．Ameｒicans stopｐed takingｐrosperｉty for gｒanｔed.Ｔhｅy began to bｅlieve thａt thｅｉr wa ｙｏf doｉｎｇbｕsiｎｅｓｓwas ｆailｉng，aｎd tｈａt ｔheir incoｍｅs would ｔherefｏre shortlｙｂｅgｉn to fall aｓｗelｌ.The ｍid-198０s bｒought ｏne

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏

历年考研英语翻译题高频词汇整理

2014年 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account 根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提与、参考，synthetic人造的;

2012年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见， 50) track跟踪; 2011年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列; 2010年 46)rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

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