HND人力资源管理导论

“Escape to Wild”是一家成功的公司，专门通过邮购和小型的零售专营店来销售户外休闲服饰。它作为一家私营公司小规模的经营了超过15年的，一直到六年前，一位经理被聘请来扩展公司业务。首先，公司增加了邮购目录上的商品数，并且用了更大的仓库来存放和配送货物。四年前，“Escape to Wild”开了第一家自己的零售专营店，到现在，已经有了10家零售专营店，并有计划再多开五间店。两年前，公司建立了自己的网站，实现了网上购物，这部分的业务发展迅速，还带了了很多海外的订单。这位新经理上任以来，公司员工已由原来的20人发展到300人，业务也变得更大更复杂，持续需要加强员工来源已经成为这家户外服饰专营公司最强烈的需求，需要更多的员工是这家公司的当务之急。

“Escape to Wild”公司没有明确的人力资源部门。部门经理们根据自己部门的职责招聘新人，负责确定他们的薪酬水平。薪酬管理业务已经外包，员工培训一般是临时组织的，财务主管负责处理员工的合同和特殊情况，例如产假和加薪。

在这个快速发展的时期，公司已经开始将更多的精力投入到服务正在增加的客户群中。到目前为止，公司中员工的关系比较良好，但是，公司的现状表明是时候建立规定和程序从而能用更系统的方法去解决人力资源的问题。

在最近的公司管理层会议上，部门经理们不断的抱怨说他们花了太多的时间在处理一些日常的行政问题上，而这些问题明明都可以由人力资源部门来解决，如果公司能有一个这样的部门。不断增加的员工数量使得财务部门花大量的时间来处理与人事相关的问题。同时，部门经理们也会因为工作描述，招聘和甄选的实际操作，以及员工的薪酬待遇等问题产生矛盾。一个管理层的人员最近参加了一个关于员工法案的研讨会，法律的复杂性带来的实际问题是公司更加需要一个专门的部门来公平的处理员工的问题。

同样，员工们也开始抱怨一些条款和条件中的矛盾，有一些人离职了，因为他们对自己遭受到的人力资源问题觉得不满意。所有的管理队伍都同意引进更系统的管理方法。总经理已经表达了愿望：希望公司能用更战略的方法来招聘，培训和发展员工，从而保证留住这些为

公司创造成功和利益的人力资源。

The human resource management for Escape to the Wild Introduction: This report is an advantage report for Escape to the Wild, in it, we will talk about its human resource management and how to manage it more better. We will also give some advantages to its line manager. It will also talk about the joyful influence for this company.

1.

The human resource management can be defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets: the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives.

The range of human resource management activities are human resource planning, recruitment and selection, job analysis and design, training and development, employee relations, pay and reward, employee welfare, performance management and appraisal, ensuring fair employment practice.

In this report, I will talk about four activities: human resource planning, recruitment and selection, job analysis and design and training and development.

(1) Human resource planning

The human resource planning’s function and purpose:

●To ensure that firm has right number of people, in the right place, with the right

skills at the right time.

●To support firms’ expansion strategy.

●To ensuring HR resource supplements humane resource demands.

●To set human resource objectives and deciding how to meet them.

Do human resource planning need to employees need for a company, it include inside and outside predict. The process of human resource planning includes three steps:

●How many employees will we need

The expected demand for company’s product of service is most important when forecasting personnel needs.

●How many candidates will be supplied inside of organization

A qualifications inventory can facilitate forecasting the supply of internal candidates.

●Forecasting the supply of outside candidates.

If there are not enough qualified inside candidates to fill anticipated openings, employers focus next on projecting supplies of outside candidates. This may require forecasting general economic conditions, local labor market conditions, and occupations market conditions.

This activity is very useful for this company, because it can enable that the employee movements into, within, and out of organization are smooth/less disruptive and sound HRM decision making. Through these parts, they can effect on many parts in the company, at last, it can become the competitive advantage.

Escape to the Wild is lake of human resource planning through its development, if they do it well, then the company will has its own competitive advantage.

(2) Job analysis

Job analysis is the procedure through which you determine the duties of these jobs and

the characteristics of the people who should be hired for them. It includes two parts: job description and person specifications. Its purpose is to produce information on the job’s activities and requirements. It has three processes like next:

●Collecting job analysis information.

To carry out job analysis need comprehensive information about certain job.

●Writing job description.

A job description is a written statement of what the jobholder does, how he or she does it, and under what conditions the job is preferment.

●Writing person specifications.

Person specification shows details of the personal qualities an individual will need to perform a particular job. A person specification sets out the skills, characteristics and attributes that a person needs to do a particular job.

It can enable that competent, motivated employees with positive job attitudes, job-related HRM and minimized HRM-related lawsuits.

In this case, through its development the company is begun to do it, because of this, the company is developing fast and become bigger than before. The job analysis let some competitive advantages to this company.

(3) Recruitment and selection

Recruitment is the process of identifying the need for a new employee, defining the job attracting candidates and selecting those best suited for the job.

Selection is the process of choosing which person to appoint from those that apply for a job vacancy.

Recruitment and selection are usually considered as one process. However, we will make the distinction here between the initial actions and considerations when planning staff recruitment and the process of selecting an individual from a pool of applicants.

The purpose of recruitment and selection is that. Recruitment involves attracting the right standard of applicants to apply for vacancies. Selection involves choosing the most suitable people from those that apply for a vacancy; this ensures that those selected for interview have the best fit wit the job requirements.

The process of recruitment and selection is like next:

●Vacancy review

●Applying to fill a vacancy

●Preparation of job description and person specification

●Preparing a recruitment advertisement

●Placing the advertisement

●Receipt of applications

●Arrange selection interviews and other selection activities

●Write to successful and unsuccessful candidates at various stages of the process

●Evaluation of the recruitment and selection process

It could ensure recruit high-quality applicants, if a company has high-quality employees, then productive employees can increase overall productivity and improved chances of selecting best qualified and training needs and costs are minimized, through these best parts and combine with this company’s situation, if it can have high-quality employees and take low cost for the employees training. Those are helping the company developing

(4) Training and development

Training and development refers to a “planned effort by an organization to facilitate the learning of job-related behavior on the part of its employees”. Training and development is also a means to provide employees with relevant skills so as to improve the efficiency of their organization.

The goals and function of training and developing are like next:

●To improve an individual’s level of self- awareness

●To improve an individual’s skill in one or more areas of expertise

●To increase an individual’s motivation to perform his or her job

●To grow its own managers and promote from within

●To help retain good quality employees

The processes of T&D are like next:

●Identifying training needs

●Producing T&D planning

●Implementing T&D planning

●Evaluating the program

Through good T&D, the company could improve employee competence, permanent change in KSAs of new employees and permanent change in KSAs of current employees.

In a word, Escape to the Wild can through these parts in its own company to improve his produce and his quickly development in the world.

(1)

Through the case company, we can see that the management structure isn’t wonderful for this company. In this company, it has 300 staffs, but its structure of the human resource management function isn’t having full function in this firm, so we need to improve it to help the company developing better. I will take some advantages to it. From next picture, the company didn’t have the last department in its structure that is HR director, this department is this case company are building now.

Because of 300 staffs in this form, in some operations, the ratio of HR department staff to the number of employees is one for every 100 employees or one for every 200 employees, so it suitable to 1:100 management situation, so we only need to add two or three HR director’s member, so the new structure picture is like next, it has five departments and the HR director is the new one.

The positions of HR department are always including these:

●Director of human resources

●Labor relations specialist(director of labor relations)

●Employment manager

●Payroll administrator

●Benefits administrator

●Director of training/ training manager

Through the fact of this company and the theory, so we can see the next structure is much more suitable for the company.

Managing Director

Marketing Advisor Personal Assistant

Finance Director Online and Mail Order Retail Outlets Purchase and HR Director Sales Director Director Distribution Director

1accountant 2IT/web specialists 10store 1warehouse manager 1training

2finance 1mail-order managers 1buying manager manager supervisors manager 20assistant 3distribution 1HR recruiter

8finance 1assistant mail- store managers supervisors

assistants order manager 150full-time/ 5buyers

2secretarial 3sales team leaders part-time/casual 15dispatch/

support staff 30full-time/part-time retail staff warehouse staff

customer service staff 4secretarial/ 4secretarial/

4secretarial/admin admin staff admin staff

staff

The HR director guides and management the overall provision of human resource services, policies, and programs for the entire company. He originates and leads HR practices and objectives that will provide an employee-oriented, high performance culture. The HR director coordinates implementation of services, policies, and programs through HR staff, he is also need to do reports to the CEO and serves on the executive management team, and assists and advises company management about HR issues.

The corporate human resource recruiter is responsible for delivering all facets of recruiting success through the organization. We can employ a HR recruiter to deal with recruits’ problem. The corporate human resources recruiter will play a critical role in ensuring we are hiring the best possible talent.

●Develop and execute recruiting plans.

●Network through industry contracts, association.

●Coordinate and implement college recruiting initiatives.

●Administrative duties and keep records.

So through the company’s fact we need HR Director and HR Recruiter to manage the

company’s human resource management.

(2) The human resource management’s operation is based on the line managers, because of the line managers are the last users in the company, so they need to cooperate with human resource managers to do human resource management well to assure the company develop well.

Line managers’ HRM responsibilities are like next:

●Placing the right person in the right job

●Starting new employees in the organizations

●Training employees for jobs that are new to them

●Improving the job performance of each person

●Gaining creative cooperation and developing smooth working relationships

●Interpreting the company’s policies and procedures

●Controlling labor costs

●Developing the abilities of each person

●Creating and maintaining departmental morale

●Protecting employees’ health and physical conditions

3.

If the company provides good human resource management, then it will take good psychological contract.

The psychological contract is that the perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other.

The contextual and background factors will effect on the policy and practice and then

will be the psychological, all will effect on the state of the psychotically contract, at last we will have the outcome. The manager could through good psychological contract to provide good situations for his employees and make good relationships with them, this will have good effect on the company, and also have many advantage with employees and employers.

In this report we talk about a lot of functions and effects on human resource management for a company, and we also based on the case company to provide them. Through these parts, we also help the case company improve its management on human resource management.

hnd_人力资源管理outcome1

1. Human Resource Management was introduced as a term to reflect how organisations achieed the best from their employees. It was reconised that the best way to compete in an ever-increasing worldwide market was to have highly motivated people. Human Resource Management refers to the practices and policies you need to carry out the personnel aspects of your management job, specifically, acquiring, training, appraising, rewarding, and providing a safe, ethical, and fair environment for your company’s employee s. 2. （1） Human resources management is said to incorporate and develop personnel management tasks, while seeking to create and develop teams of workers for the benefit of the organization. Personnel management is often considered an independent function of an organization. Human resource management, on the other hand, tends to be an integral part of overall company function. Personnel management is typically the sole responsibility of an organization's personnel department. With human resources management, all of an organization's managers are often involved in some manner, and a chief goal may be to have managers of various departments develop the skills necessary to handle personnel-related tasks. a.Emerging of Personnel Management/Social justice Evolution of Personnel management started in 19th century. During the 19th century’s governments began to feel pressure from the working class masses who started to question and defy the power of the aristocracy. This was called the social reform. The working class began to form workplace combinations and trade organizations to provide a collective voice for their rights. The fist Trade Union Conference held in 1868. The personnel function arises from the work of nineteenth century social reformers. b.Grouth in PM 1914-1939/Human bureaucracy The exact growth of personnel management started during First World War. Include the supply of welfare officer made mandatory by government and the title labour manager or employment manager came in the year 1920 in engineering industry and other industries where the factories was very importanty to handle absence、recruitment and so on. Second world war increased the importance of having personnel department In the early twentieth century, personnel began to move away from its primary focus on welfare. This was a period in which large-scale industrial organisations began to emerge. Personnel as a specialism started to take shape, with responsibility to look at areas such as organisational design and staffing. Some social scientis ts’ studies promoted the development of PM. For examples: Frederick Taylor and Elton Mayo c.Consent by negotiation During the 1950s and 1960s, the personnel function widened its role in organisations to include a bargaining role. Industrial relations became a key personnel role. The statutory duty placed on nationalised industries required them to negotiate with unions representing employees. University courses began to appear for personnel specialists. Personnel management perform different function such as Collective bargaining role, Implementation of legislation role, Social conscience of the business role, Growing performance improvement role. d. Organisation and integration

HND人力资源管理导论Outcome

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2018年度人力资源状况分析报告

2018年度人力资源状况分析报告 为了更好地完善公司的人力资源制度改革，帮助公司人力资源管理走向规范化、标准化、职业化，通过有效管理，更大程度提升调动员工工作积极性。本次人力资源分析主要采用了问卷调查、员工行为观察、员工代表沟通交流、整理汇总历史资料等方法，通过这些方法基本清晰公司人力资源管理的现状，并对公司在人力资源管理各个环节中出现的问题进行了重点分析，形成了以下报告： 第一部分 公司的人力资源现状 一、 集团总部人力资源结构分析 (一) 集团总部现有员工119 人，其中，高层管理人员11人，占9.24%,中层人员 24人，占20.2%,基层84 人，占 70.6% (二) 不包括基层后勤辅助类岗位的总部员工现有107人，其中男、女比例如下 (三) 高层队伍结构分析 ◆ 高层队伍的年龄结构良好，平均年龄44岁，年富力强，学历结构较合理，全日制第一学历均在大专及以上，资质上有6人（占55%）持一级建造师证，职称上36%为高工，18%为中级，18%为助工，28%没有任何职称。 ◆ 高层队伍的结构缺陷主要是 ● 73%的高层是从事项目施工和项目管理出身，司龄10年以上，缺乏专业的企业管理方面的训练，在11名高层中只有2名是在2012年通过社会招聘引进的，有一定现代化企业管理经历。 ● 高层人员的职称和资质匹配度不足以应对企业发展需求 (四) 中层队伍结构分析 ◆ 中层队伍的平均年龄是38.7岁，年龄结构如下：

◆ 中层队伍的工龄结构分析：现有人员中54%是在2010年改制后通过社会招聘引进的，优势在于这批人即拥有一定的新知识和新技能，又有较好的工作经验，同时劣势是缺乏对建筑行业的认知。其余在改制前入职人员，其在中恒工作时间均超过10年，企业忠诚度较高，同时缺乏的是专业的职业化训练和素养。 ◆ 中层队伍的第一学历结构分析：本科占29%,大专占 46%，中专以及下占25%。通过函授或其它在职教育形式，90%大专及以下学历的员工有提升，获得大专及上学历，同时还有二名中层获取MBA 硕士学历。 ◆ 中层队伍的职称和资质结构分析：职称上8%为高工，13%为中级，17%为助工，62%还未获得任何职称。资质上有8位（33% ）中层获得一级建造师。缺陷是：职称和资质持有率太低，有待提升。 (五) 基层队伍结构分析 ◆ 基层队伍的平均年龄是30.6岁，具体占比如下： ◆ 基层队伍的第一学历结构如下： ◆ 基层队伍工龄结构分析

HND人力资源管理 outcome3

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Findings 2.1 Managerial Work 2.1.1 managerial activities 2.1.2 managerial role 2.2 Mechanisms that could measure managerial performance 2.3 Behavioral theory of leadership 2.4 Transformational theory of leadership 2.5 John Adair's Action Centered Leadership 2.5.1 The reasons why ACL may prove to be important 3. Conclusion 4. Reference

1. Introduction Scotia Airways is located next to Glasgow International Airport. My report will assess the main features of managerial work and explain the main roles and activities of managers. And I will describe the value of two mechanisms that could be used to measure managerial performance and justify how each could be used to assess managerial performance and identify and explain a behavioral theory of leadership and transformational theory of leadership. At last I will analyze how theories of leadership could be used to improve how managers lead staff through this change. 2. Findings 2.1 Managerial Work Management is all about running an organization in a steady state, ongoing administration, organizing structures, establishing systems and processes, controlling in particular by financial means. It can also be defined as the effective use and coordination of resources such as capital, plant, materials and labor in order to achieve defined objectives with maximum efficiency. 2.1.1 managerial activities Managerial activities can be described as following: forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Forecasting means the manager can predict future events. Planning When managers are making planning, it required that the plan to meet anticipated demand. The board of directors express their hopes of the company, and their requires to the company, and then the managers analysis the external environment and the condition of the company. Making planning based on the analysis result. If the plan can get agreement from the board, the managers will convey the goals to every department an d staff. If the plan can’t get the agreement

HND人力资源管理outcome1

Individual Report F84T 34 Managing People and Organisations Outcome 1 NAME: u SCN: CLASS：

Contents Introduction (2) Section 1: Relationship between goals, objectives and policies (2) Section 2: Differences between the formal and informal organization (3) Section 3: Open System Theory (3) Section 4: Different stakeholders (4) Section 5: Effective control strategy (5) Conclusion (6) Reference (6)

Introduction The purpose of the report is what to understand more fully the organization management. I learned company's departments’ work together in order to achieve the company's goals. This report has five sections which are relationship between goals, objectives and policies，differences between the formal and informal organization，open System Theory, different stakeholders and effective control strategy. Section 1: Relationship between goals, objectives and policies The relationship between goals, objectives and policy facilitates to the effective management. Goals and objectives provide the desired results, and the policy is guiding people how to do. Feasible policies can help the realization of the aims and objectives of better. Goals: Goals are long-term. Consumer goals are to provide to the customer the demand of consumers.Shangri-La Hotels maintain a high quality of customer service. This is the Shangri-la Hotel's consumer goals. Product goals are to provide customers with high quality product. Craig insisted on selecting the freshest fruits and vegetables this is the Shangri-la Hotel product goals. Service goals are to provide customers with high standards of service. The Shangri-la Hotel promises when customers need the waiter, waiter arrive within five minutes to the customer side. This is the Shangri-la Hotel's service goals. Objectives: Objectives are short-term. Objectives are more specific than the goals; it can determine the specific direction. Objectives can help an organization determine a number of factors such as the time factor and the causal factors. The Shangri-la Hotel promises when customers need the waiter, waiter arrive within five minutes to the customer side. The Shangri-la Hotel maintained a 3-star Michelin chef. These are the Shangri-la Hotel's objectives. SMART make objectives more effective more efficient concrete. Kitchen staff training date is by May 1999. Waiting staff to attend table within 3 minutes.

HND人力资源管理_outcome4

Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Findings 2.1 Current Organizational Structure 2.1.1 the Characteristic of Hierarchical Structures 2.1.2 Span of Control 2.1.3 Departmentalization 2.1.4 Communication Patterns 2.1.5 the Chain of Command 2.2 Future Organizational Structure 2.2.1 the Characteristic of Hierarchical Structures 2.2.2 Span of Control 2.2.3 Departmentalization 2.2.4 Communication Patterns 2.2.5 Chain of Demand 2.3 Contingency Approach that help determine the Future structure 2.3.1 Task 2.3.2 Technology 2.3.4 Size 2.4 Relationships 2.4.1 Line Relationship 2.4.2 Functional Relationship 2.4.3 Staff Relationship 2.4.4 Lateral Relationship 2.5 Authority, Responsibility and Delegation 3.0 Conclusion 4.0 Reference

人力资源管理导论期末复习试题

人力资源管理导论期末考试复习题 一、单项选择题 1．企业在经过比较分析后选择最优结合的方案，并以最少的成本获得最大效益的人力资源管理原理称为（A） A优化原理 B能位匹配原理 C互补原理 D激励强化原理 2．“你敬我一尺，我敬你一丈”，“受人滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”。反映了人力资源管理中的（ B ）心理。 A首应效应 B回报心理 C晕轮效应 D偏见效应 3．人力资源战略规划之中期规划通常指（ A ） A3年至5年 B6个月至1年 C3个月至6个月 D 1年至3年 4．（ D ）是根据企业的发展战略规划和本企业内外部条件选择预测技术，然后对人员需求的数量、质量和结构进行预测。 A人力资源供给预测 B人力资源数量预测 C人力资源预测 D人力资源需求预测 5．组织发展的（ B ）是指企业为了实现某一目标而把在不同领域工作的具有不同知识和技能的人集中于一个特定的动态团体之中，共同完成某个项目。 A小型化 B弹性化 C虚拟化 D扁平化 6．招聘企业的高级管理人员或专家教授等人员时，一般的招聘地点选择为（ A ）。 A全国或世界范围 B跨地区 C招聘单位所在地 D高校 7．因招聘不慎，导致员工流失而引起企业重新招聘所花费的费用，叫做（ B ）。 A安置成本 B重置成本 C机会成本 D离职成本 8．一个人在职业生涯中主要关心工作中的成长、发展或晋升阶段，这属于萨珀职业发展理论的（ A ）阶段。 A立业与发展 B职业探索 C职业维持 D职业衰退 9．（ B ）是指确定和持续追踪高潜能员工的计划，以满足高潜能员工发展的需要。 A管理梯队 B管理继承人计划 C员工接替模型 D双重职业发展通道 10．（ A ）是一种信息双向性交流的培训方式，其将知识传授和能力提高两者融合到一起，是一种非常有特色的培训方法。 A案例研究法 B角色扮演法 C头脑风暴法 D个别指导法 11．培训需求的层次分析中，（ B ）是评价不同层次员工的绩效以确定培训需求的“压力点”、弄清解决当前和未来问题的培训需求以及重点培训人群。 A工作分析 B人员分析 C组织分析 D管理分析

人力资源管理导论期末复习试题

< 人力资源管理导论期末考试复习题 一、单项选择题 1．企业在经过比较分析后选择最优结合的方案，并以最少的成本获得最大效益的人力资源管理原理称为（A） A优化原理 B能位匹配原理 C互补原理 D激励强化原理 2．“你敬我一尺，我敬你一丈”，“受人滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”。反映了人力资源管理中的（ B ）心理。 A首应效应 B回报心理 ] C晕轮效应 D偏见效应 3．人力资源战略规划之中期规划通常指（ A ） A3年至5年 B6个月至1年 C3个月至6个月 D 1年至3年 4．（ D ）是根据企业的发展战略规划和本企业内外部条件选择预测技术，然后对人员需求的数量、质量和结构进行预测。 A人力资源供给预测 B人力资源数量预测 C人力资源预测 D人力资源需求预测 5．组织发展的（ B ）是指企业为了实现某一目标而把在不同领域工作的具有不同知识和技能的人集中于一个特定的动态团体之中，共同完成某个项目。 ￥ A小型化 B弹性化 C虚拟化 D扁平化 6．招聘企业的高级管理人员或专家教授等人员时，一般的招聘地点选择为（ A ）。 A全国或世界范围 B跨地区 C招聘单位所在地 D高校 7．因招聘不慎，导致员工流失而引起企业重新招聘所花费的费用，叫做（ B ）。 A安置成本 B重置成本 C机会成本 D离职成本 : 8．一个人在职业生涯中主要关心工作中的成长、发展或晋升阶段，这属于萨珀职业发展理论的（ A ）阶段。 A立业与发展 B职业探索 C职业维持 D职业衰退 9．（ B ）是指确定和持续追踪高潜能员工的计划，以满足高潜能员工发展的需要。 A管理梯队 B管理继承人计划 C员工接替模型 D双重职业发展通道 10．（ A ）是一种信息双向性交流的培训方式，其将知识传授和能力提高两者融合到一起，是一种非常有特色的培训方法。 A案例研究法 B角色扮演法 。

hnd人力资源管理outcome

h n d人力资源管理 o u t c o m e SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-

Individual Report F84T 34 Managing People and Organisations Outcome 4 NAME: SCN: CLASS:

Contents Introduction (2) Section 1:The Structure at Present in Shangri-la Hotel (2) Section 2:An Appropriate Form of Re-Structure for Shangri-la Hotel (3) Section 3:The Influence of Task, Technology, and Size on the New Structure (5) Section 4: Line, Staff ,Functional and Lateral relationships within the New Structure (6) Section 5: Authority, Responsibility and Delegation within the New Structure (7) Conclusion (8) Reference (8)

Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine the understanding of management structure in the organization and its application. There are five sections in the report: management structure before merger; management structure after new development; contingency approach and its variables after merger; different relationships within the new structure; relevance of different relationships with new structure. Section 1:The Structure at Present in Shangri-la Hotel At present, flat structure is used in the management of the hotel. Hybrid management structure is used. Craig used the centralized and line approach to manage the restaurant .Ailsa used the decentralized and team approach to manage the hotel. In the hotel, all of the work was divided into four types according to different products or services: chambermaids, reception, kitchen staff and waiting staff. Flat structure: it means that a business has few vertical level of management and a wide span of control. As a result, the relationship between manager and subordinate will be closed, the flow of information will be quick, and it will save administrative expenses. However, because of wide spans, the communication between the same level department and employees will be difficult. In the case, for example, in the kitchen, there were only two levels: Craig, the manager; kitchen staffs and waiters. Craig directly gave the subordinates their different tasks. So it was a flat structure. Centralization& Decentralization: the centralization means that the important decisions are taken by the top management and the other levels implement the directions that top manager gives. In the case, Craig mainly used the centralized approach. For example, all his subordinates must follow the menu made by Craig. And Craig made decisions by himself and allocated tasks to kitchen staff and waiters. It should be a centralized approach. Decentralization means top manager delegates authorities to all levels of management. In the case, Ailsa used this decentralized

HND 人力资源2

1Explain the validity of one process and more content theory of motivation and assess their applicability to scenarios that exist within Scotia Airways. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory：Human needs can be classified into 5 levels, which can be portrayed in the shape of pyramid. In different stage of life, people will show their different urges to different levels of needs. Normally speaking, the main power of motivation usually comes from the most imperious needs level at present.It includes basic or physiological needs, safely and security needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, self-fulfilment needs. Basic or physiological needs is water sleep sex etc.Safely and security needs is security of body, of employment,of property,etc.Social needs is friendship, family.Self-esteem needs is self-esteem confidence,etc.Self-fulfilment needs is creativity, morality,etc.The high level is Self-fulfilment.Middle level are social needs self-esteem. Lower level are basic or physiological and Safely and security needs. The thing that can motivate staffs is the thing that they want to get. In this case when the investors first decided to set up Scotia Airways, they had a clear idea that business travel was a growth area. They set about appointing a management team whose experience and expertise was firmly grounded in the budget aviation market,it offer more chance about job and meet security of employment due to Future opportunities seem likely as the EU and UK government relax their control over the licensing of airline provision. Scotia Airways has been able to re tain the management team that were brought to the business in 1996. The vast majority of staff have also remained. It is the security of the employment and of friendship.The targets for scale of provision, passenger volume and market share are determined by senior managers, and middle and junior managers and employees then populate the details into the plan. It is benefit for staff acquire the satisfaction of achieve. So based on the above, Scotia Airways meet lower level needs and middle