旅游英语汉译英中存在问题
旅游英语汉译英中存在问题
旅游翻译作为一个介绍旅游景点、传播本国文化的学科发挥着不可替代的作用,特别是向外国游客推介我国名山大川和历史文化的汉译英,更是意义重大。但在目前旅游汉译英中存在一些问题,最为明显的是景点名称翻译中音译泛滥和景点介绍中因忽略语言和文化差异降低了翻译质量。
随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,旅游翻译作为向游客传递信息、传播文化的学科,起着不可忽视的作用。然而目前许多景点在汉译英上存在很多问题和不足,如景点翻译名称版本不统一,单词拼写错误、遗漏,理解不当引起的误译等。
1.中文旅游景点名称英译:音译泛滥,意译处理不当
作为了解景点的重要窗口,景点名称的翻译至关重要。但由于地名包括许多文化因素,是一种特殊的翻译对象,翻译起来有很大难度。正如一位学者所说“如果我们把旅游景点名称翻译的过程比作石刻的过程,那么对于景点名称的分析就好比对于石材本身的分析,进行雕刻首先要分析清楚此石料属于什么类型的石头,此类石头有哪些特点,此石头又有那些自己的独特之处,只有弄清楚这几个方面才能因势利导,发挥石头的最大特点,作出最佳的雕刻艺术品,对于景点名称翻译也是一样..”(高云苛,32)可见,恰到好处的景点名称翻译需要译者在翻译之前对此类翻译技巧的理论储备,更需要自身对景点历史文化的了解。
首先,我们知道,音译是中国人与外国人在地名上的一种认同,因而在景点名称翻译上应用很多。然而,在这方面我们却犯了不少不该犯的错。第一个殛待解决的问题是:对外宣传品中,有些地名的译法音译很不统一。例如:“泰山”有的译为Taishan Mountain,也有的译为“Tai Mountain”。旅游景点名称均有“专名”及“通名”,前者是区别一类事物跟另一类事物的标志,如“落雁岛”的“岛”;后者是用来区分具体某一事物与另一事物的标志,如“卢沟桥”之“卢沟”就是将此桥与彼桥区别开来的标志。一般情况下,旅游点名称的“专名”若属汉语“单名”,为了照顾韵节和外国人的习惯读法,将通名音译后再意译,如“泰山”,正确译法是第一种:Taishan Mountain。这是地名采用音译的例子。
另一个地名音译中存在的严重问题是:不考虑实际翻译效果,频繁使用音译,严重影响景点名称的翻译质量。例如西安著名旅游点“大慈恩寺”,英译为The DaCi’en Temple,这样单纯的音译欠妥,因为它丝毫没有反映出其意义深远的历史背景,更没有激发游客对这一景点的兴趣及对名称由来的探究之心。许多地名音译源于译者疏于思索,滥用音译,结果效果大减。
在以上这些情况下,如果忽视了跨文化意识而仅仅用音译的方法来处理这些景点的名称,信息的传达会大打折扣。我国是一个文明古国,许多名胜古迹取名时有丰富的含义,而音译表意性差,在景点翻译上不能单纯地运用音译。意译则既可以吸引外国游客进一步了解其历史背景,引人入胜,使观光者不仅被美丽的景色所吸引,而且沉浸在深远的历史情思之中。多数译者和此方面学者专家都赞成旅游景点名称的译法可以是意译也可以是音译,但反对不考虑效果求助于音译,滥用音译。比较可取的办法应该是在不影响“言外之意”传达的前提下采用音译,必要时音译后加解释,这需要建立在熟悉音译主体的具体位置、地名的由来、人名、地名的时代内涵以及对历史文化深刻理解的基础上。如北京故宫的“太和殿”,既用拼音TaiheDian,又用意译The Throne Hall of Supreme Harmony。处理的方法有两种:一种是TaiheDian用斜体字The Throne Hall of Supreme Harmony放在后面的括号中,即Taihe Dian (The Throne Hall of Supreme Harmony);另一种是两者用“or”联结,即Taihe Dian or The Throne Hall of Supreme Harmony.这种音译与意译相结合的方法是目前国内外旅游界较流行的翻译方法
不过,需要注意的是,尽管意译有时比音译更能收到意想不到的效果,但有个别旅游点是不能用意译的。如“寒山寺”就不能译为“Cold Hill Temple”,因为,我们知道“寒山”是
根据唐朝诗僧“寒山”的名字而命名的。
2.旅游景点介绍:汉语色彩太浓,文化信息缺失
德国语言学家,哲学家洪堡特认为,“语言是“一个民族进行思维和感知的工具”,每一种语言都包含了一种独特的世界观。语言习得的完成是某种思维方式形成的标志”。(罗惠康,108)。与西方人比,“中国人重整体,偏重综合性思维”突出表现为崇尚对称与和谐,还体现在汉语语法的“隐含性”句法的“意合性”及词义的笼统与模糊上;西方人截然不同,他们的分析性思维表现在英语语法的“外显性”,句法的“形合性”及词义的具体性。此外中国人重直觉和形象思维的特点也一定程度上决定了汉语的不确定性,模糊和暗示性,难怪语言学家和翻译工作者会将其归为“意合语言”;西方人在重实证和逻辑思维影响下,其“意合语言”注重通过大量实证的分析得出科学、客观的结论(陈宏薇,李亚丹,27-31)。二者在语言方面的突出差异也不可避免地反映在旅游景点介绍当中。这里有一个因翻译中没有充分考汉、英在景点描写上的不同而导致英语译文汉味太重、翻译质量差的典型例子:“这里三千座奇峰拔地而起,形态各异,有的似玉柱神鞭,立地顶天;有的像铜墙铁壁,巍然屹立;有的如晃板累卵,摇摇欲坠;有的若盆景古董,玲珑剔透..神气而又真实,迷离而又实在,不是艺术创造胜似艺术创造,令人叹为观止。”再看其译文:“3000crags risein various shapes. They are like whips or pillars propping up the sky;or huge walls,solid and sound;or immense eggs piled on an unsteady boarder;or miniature rocky or curios.fantastic but actual,dreamy but real!They are not artistic works,but more exquisite than artistic works.One can not help marveling at the acme of perfection of Nature’s creation.”
这是对武陵源风景区的一段介绍。从汉语原文来看,其行文对仗,文采华美,意向奇特,是典型的汉语写景之作。然而看看译文,不觉大煞风景。译文行文用字明显汉化,语言罗嗦堆砌,言之无物(后一部分尤其明显),景物形象尤其描绘不清。读来不是汉语却胜似汉语。试想,这样的译文又怎能唤起英语读者心中的美感?由此我们领略到汉英景物描写上的差异。一般而言,汉语的景物描写大都文笔优美,用词凝练含蓄,语言近乎诗化,讲究“诗情画意”艺术境界,追求一种意象的朦胧之美。英语则不然,英语在描写景物时,表达客观具体,描绘直观可感,没有汉语那么多的意象思维,没有那么多的委婉和浓缩,写景手法上多诉诸于具象的景物罗列而使之形象鲜明可感,与汉语的写景手法形成鲜明对比。上述译文明显忽略了这一根本差异。
综上,我们可以得出的结论是;一些译者忽略了英汉语在景点介绍上的语言习惯,采用直译,结果事倍功半。为提高翻译质量,使译文适合英语国家游客的语言习惯,需要译者在对英语表达习惯深刻理解的基础上对汉语原文做适当调整,例如,汉语在旅游景点介“意合语言”绍上使用如介词,连词等连接词比较少,而作为“形合语言”的英语在信息处理上很注重逻辑性,因而使用连词,副词,介词等频率远比汉语高的多,因而对于语句的组织和词语的选择是对旅游材料的汉译英中必须注意的规律。
目前旅游景点介绍的汉译英中存在的问题除译文不符合译入语表达习惯外,另一突出问题是翻译中对文化因素考虑不足,或者忽视中西文化差异,结果影响游客对译文理解。无庸质疑,旅游实际上是一种非常典型的跨文化交际活动。旅游英语的翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换,更是一种文化模式的转化。然而,文化的成分又不能盲目直译入译文,得从读者的理解和接受角度考虑。下面一例则属于此类:
“这些山峰,连同山上绿竹翠柳,岸边的村民农舍,时而化入水中,时而化入天际,真是‘果然佳胜在兴坪’”。“These hills and the green bamboo and willows and farm houses merge with their reflections in the river and lead visitors to a dreamy world.”译文对原文中两个“时而..”句进行了减译,但信息几乎是等值的;而对于引用———“果然佳胜在兴坪”则在翻译中进行了调整。中国读者清楚,历史古镇兴坪位于桂林到阳朔的漓江水路的中段,这一诗句出自叶剑英元帅游漓江赞叹兴坪之美作的家户喻晓的一首诗:春江漓水客舟轻,两岸奇峰列送迎。
马跃华山人睇境,果然佳胜在兴坪。然而外国读者不知道背后的故事。考虑到这些,调整不仅避免了直译后引起的误解,而且采用直接描述传达了原文赞景点之美的目的,其效果相同。
吉林农业科技学院外国语学院董哲
华中师范大学外国语学院
2006级刘丹丹
参考书目
[1]陈刚,旅游翻译与涉外导游[M],北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
[2]陈宏薇、李亚丹,新编英汉翻译教程[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
[3]罗惠康,跨文化旅游翻译[M],中国对外翻译出版公司,2006
[4]高云苛,中文旅游景点名称的英译[J],广告大观,2005(11)
[5]罗小波,景点名称英译现状调查和分析[J],英语教学,2005(26)
[6]王小卫,跨文化意识与旅游英语翻译[J],安阳工学院学报,2006(3)
大学英语汉译英答案
Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册汉译英英译汉及完型答案
. . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 : ; .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 ' 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .出入除自己家以外地任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物地规定. 一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，挣一份不错地工资.但是为了家庭，她们放弃 了工作. .你怎么为这样粗鲁地行为辩护？你将会为此付出沉重地代价，因为他们己经以低毁名誉地罪 名起诉你了. .批评有其重要作用；我们可能当时不喜欢它，但是它能激励我们去做更伟大地事情. .他毫不让步地行为遭到公众地反对，这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产地境地.．即使你失败了，也不要被失败伤害，更不要被失败左右.记住：失败是学习过程中 必要地一 步；它不是学习、地结束，而是学习地开始. . ．. . ．. . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 新视野大学英语（第二版）第四册 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . .
.如果没有查理·卓别林，世界电影史就会不一样了. .令人感到宽慰地是，他地努力最终给予了他长期渴望地结果—他成功地发现了这种疾病地原因. .查理·卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱地电影明星之一.从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》，他拍 摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎地电影.他最出名地是他扮演地一个人物—年轻可 爱地小流浪汉. .卓别林是一个才能非凡地人：自他年第一次在电影中出现，两年时间内他就成 了这个国 家最有名地人物之一. .查理·卓别林对世纪初期每个人地生活都产生了影响.与有史以来地任何人相比， 他让更 多地人欢笑，改变了人们看待这个世界地方式. . 年，查理·卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了，身后留下了悲伤地家人和朋友，以及 全世界数 以百万计地影迷. . ．. ．．. . . . . ．. ．．. ．． . . 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 新视野大学英语（第二版）第四册 . . , .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . , , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . . , 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 .资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 . ，发展中国家认为信息技术是促进经济发展地途径，但一些国家在估算成本与选择技术方面缺乏经验. .据说地球拥有地地下水量大约是其拥有地河流和湖泊水量地三千倍，而且地下水要干净得多. .任何人都能照出好照片—问题只是你是否在合适地时间和地点. .通过在他们地学校和图书馆安装计算机，这些社区地领导们表明他们决心不在技术上落后. .当他开始创办这家公司时，他想他将能在市场上与那些顶级公司并驾齐驱，可是他现在失望
英语翻译答案
汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its
新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案
第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international
工程硕士英语unit1完型答案及翻译
UNIT 1 CLOZE B Every year Forbes magazine prints “The Forbes Four Hundred”, a list of the richest individuals in the United States. This issue 1 interesting reading because it tells how these people made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years. The original list 14 years ago was crawling with Rockefellers, and Du Ponts, a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two---all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. However, there weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list---which leads to some conclusions about wealth in America. First, it’s not easy to hold down money, even for billionaires. Taxes put a big dent in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as dependable as they used to be. Only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can end up on top of the list of the richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies. What’s more, it’s amazing how many of these people keep their frugal habits after they’ve made it big. Among The Forbes Four Hundred, there are many such stories of self-made millionaires living modestly, avoiding publicity and working long hours even though they can pay the bills without lifting a finger. These people are still doing whatever it was that led to their success. There is a good lesson in this: Find something you enjoy doing, give it everything you’ve got, and the money will take care of itself. 1. A. makes off B. makes at C. makes for D. makes out 逃走、离开袭击、扑向导致、有助于理解、起草 2. A. when B. how C. where D. why 何时如何哪里为什么 3. A. entirely B. indicatively C. incorrectly D. indirectly 完全地、彻底地表示错误地间接地 4. A. original B. novel C. pioneering D. fresh 最初的新奇的、异常的首创的新鲜的 5. A. crawling B. crawled C. to crawl D. crawl 震惊爬行（过去式）爬行爬行 6. A. extended B. stretched C. spread D. expanded 延伸的拉伸的伸展的展开的 7. A. results from B. holds to C. leads to D. leads up 起因于坚持导致引入 8. A. hold down B. hand down C. hold up D. hold on to 抑制、保有宣布、流传下去举起、阻挡紧紧抓住 9. A. although B. unless C. despite D. otherwise 尽管除非不管否则 10. A. as soon as B. as fast as C. as much as D. as many as 一…就和…一样快差不多多达、和…一样多 11. A. were used to B. are used to C. used to D. could 习惯于习惯于过去经常能
汉译英答案3
汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）
大学英语5_汉译英
掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试（Cambridge First Certificate Examination）的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大有可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清它们确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.
新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案
1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7
新视野大学英语3课后汉译英答案(全)
第1单元：（此单元无汉语） 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. 第2单元： 1、被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚称自己无罪。 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2、总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3、正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4、考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订宾馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5、服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6、总结这次讨论时，他说双方都会好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. 第3单元 1、在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2、教室一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3、从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from universi ty instead of going to work directly. 4、由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5、据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。 It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.
八年级上英语汉译英专项练习及答案
新版人教八年级上英语汉译英专项练习（方芳整理） Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 1.这是我第一次到那儿。 It was my _________ __________ there. 2.你认为它怎么样？ How did you ________ it? = What________ you _________ __________ it ? 3.我实现在没有看到我喜欢的东西。 I really didn’t see __________ I __________. 4.一天的差异多么大啊! What a ___________ a day ____________! 5.然而没有人看起来很厌倦。 Still ______ _______ seemed to be bored. 6.我想知道在过去这儿的生活是什么样子。 I __________ what life __________ like here ________ __________ _________. 7.一切都棒极了。 ______________ was great 8.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。 There was _____________ much _______ _______ in the evening but __________. 9.雨下得很大。 It was ____________ __________. 10.由于这个坏天气，我们不能看见下面的任何东西。 ___________ ________ the bad weather, we ________ see anything ________. 11.因为我是如此的饿，食物尝起来很好。 The food tasted great __________ I _________ so hungry! 12.但是，第二天就没有那样好了。 But the __________ day was not _______ good. 13.从山顶上看，这个城市棒极了。 The city looked ___________ from the _________ of the hill. 14.我们没有带伞，所以，我们全身又湿又冷。 We didn’t have an ___________ so we _____________ wet and cold. Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 1.我不能忍受牛奶I can’t ____________ milk. 2.下面就是结果Here ____________ the _____________. 3.我们发现仅仅百分之十五的学生每天锻炼。 We _______ that only fifteen ________ _____ our _________ exercise ______ day. 4.我们都知道很多学生经常上网，我们很吃惊他们中有百分之九十的人每天上 网。 We _____ know that many students ________ go _______, we were ________ that ninety percent of them _________ the __________ every day. 5.虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏节目依然是最受欢迎的。 ________ many students _____ _____ watch sports, game shows ______ _______ ______ _________. 6.通过上网或看游戏节目来放松很好，但是我们认为最好的放松方法还是通过锻 炼。 It is good to __________ by _________ the Internet or ________ game shows, but we _________ the __________ way ________ relax is ___________ ___________. 7.对思想和身体都很健康。 It’s _________ _______ the mind and the body. 8.开始锻炼，为时不晚。 So _________ _________ _________ it’s too late! 9.旧习难改。 Old ___________ die __________. Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. 1.Sam 的头发比Tom的长 Sam ______ _________ hair than ______. = Sam’s hair ______ longer than ______. 2.现在的我比两年前更高了。 I’m ________ now than I ________ 2 years ago I __________ __________ 2 years ago than I ________ now. 3.现在的我比两年前学习更努力了。 I _________ ___________ now than I _________ 2 years ago. 4.两年前的我比现在学习更努力。 I __________ __________ 2 years ago than I _________ now. 5.谁更聪明，你的老爸还是老妈？ Who is __________, your mother or your father? 6.妈妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。