初中it用法练习题

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初中it用法练习题

初中 it 用法练习题在英语中,it 有许多不同的用法,它既可以用作代词，也可以用作引导词，还可以用来构成强调句型。

1. it 用作代词用作人称代词在句子中作主语或宾语；指前面已经提到过的事物、动物或人，且 it 指特定的事物；如果指前文中提到的事物中的任何一个，用 one。

one 可以与 any, each, every, not 等连用，但 one 不可代替不可数名词。

Wheres your car? Its in the garage. 你的汽车在哪儿呢？在车库里。

Did you hit it? 你打中了吗？ The baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。

Who is that? Its me. 是谁？我。

Whats this? Its a box. 这是什么？一只箱子。

作非人称代词表示天气、日期、时间、温度、距离、价值、路程、度量、自然现象与环境等。

也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。

译成汉语时，it 通常不一定译出来。

Its a long time since they left. 他们走后很久了。 Its two miles to the beach.离海滨有两英里远。

Thats just itI cant work when youre making so much

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noise.原因就在这里你弄出这么大的声音，我工作不了。

另外，需要注意两点：

Its time后面可以接不定式和介词短语表示是做??的时

候了。

如：

Its time for supper.Its time to have supper. Its

time后面还可以接一个从句，但是从句中的谓语动词一定要用过去

式即虚拟语气，如：

Its time we had lunch.是我们吃饭的时候了。

Its time we started.是我们该出发的时候了。

2. it 用作引导词作形式主语由动词不定式、

动词-ing 短语或名词性从句担任主语的句子，常用 it 来作形式主

语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面。

Its not easy for us to learn English well. [句型为:

It +be+形容词+to do sth.] Its foolish of you to say that to her.

[句型为: It +be+形容词++to do sth.] Its no

use/good/helpsleeping too much. Its important that

we be there on time. Its high time that Tom went to school. It was the second time that he had telephoned me that day. [句

型为: It +be+ the firsttime +that 从句] It was arranged

that they should leave the following winter. It appears

that the two leaders are holding secret talks. 作形

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 式宾语当宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing 短语或名词性从句时，而宾语后又有宾语补足语，则需用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。

用于这种结构的动词有：

feel, find, think, make, consider, take等。

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的形势很重要。

I find it strange that she doesnt want to travel.她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。

I ll make it clear to you that failure is the mother of success.我要告诉你们失败是成功之母。

3. it 用在强调句型中英语中，为了突出句子中的某一成分，达到强调或使人特别注意该成分的目的，人们常用It is/was+强调对象 +who/whom/that.句式把整个句子分割成前后两个部分，使之各自有自己的谓语动词，中间由 that 或 who/whom连起来成为一个新句子。

除强调人时用 who, whom 外，其余情况都用连词 that。

被强调的对象仅限于句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语和部分状语，即除谓语和定语以外的句子成分。

这部分状语主要包括地点状语、由 before, when, after, not until 等引起的时间状语从句、由 because, because of 引起的原

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因状语、由 by 引起的方式状语等。

当被强调的对象是人时，可用 who, whom 或 that，其余情况一律用 that; 当被强调对象在从句中做主语时用who/that,当被强调对象在从句中做宾语时用 whom/that。

原句：

My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做实验。

It was my father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上是我父亲在实验室做实验。

It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上我父亲在实验室里做的是实验。

It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.我父亲是昨天晚上在实验室做实验的。

It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.我父亲昨天晚上是在实验室里做这个实验的。

另外，再注意两点：

强调句如果还原成陈述句的话，句子成分是完整的，如果不完整，那必然是别的从句而不是强调句。

It was the town where we lived for three years.此句是定语从句，因为还原以后的句子为: We lived the town for three years.缺少介词, 而 It was in the town that we lived for three years.这就是一个强调句了。

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强调中心也可以是疑问词，这时要将疑问词置于句首，构

成一个特殊疑问句。

Why is it that you want to leave so soon? 你到底为何这么

早就要走？ It 用法练习题 1 It was at the gate

_____ he told me the news. A that B what C whichD when Is ____ necessary to tell his father everything? A it B

that C whatD he Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died? A that B in which C in where D which Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A now

B man

C that

D it Was it during the Second World War ____

he died? A that B whileC in whichD then Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A

this B that C it D he I dont think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A

thisB that C its D it Does ____ matter if he cant finish

the job on time? A this B thatC he D it It was not

___ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star. A when, that B until, that C until, whenD when, then 10 Toms mother kept telling him

that he should work harder, but ___ didnt help. A he B

which C sheD it 11 ____ is a fact that English is being

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accepted as an international language. A ThereB ThisC

That D It 答案：

1-AAADA -10 CDDBD 11 D It 用法练习题一、

填空题 1. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear

and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 2. He

was nearly drowned once. When was ? was in

199when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This

C. this; It

D. that; This 3. The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they

B. it

C. one

D. which 4. Someone is ringing

the doorbell. Go and see . A. who is he B. who he isC.

who is it D. who it is 5. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A.

this B. that C. there D. It. Mikes mother kept telling him

that he should work hard, but didnt help. A. he B. it C.

she D. which7. Since you have repaired my computer, is no

need for me to buy a new one. A. it B. there C. this

D. that 8. The official made clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem. A. it B. this

C. that

D. him9. Do you like here? Oh, yes, the air, the weather and the way of life. Everything is so nice. A.

this B. there C. that D. it10. Bills aim is to inform the

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viewers that cigarette advertising in TV is illegal, ? A.

isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he . 11. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. which B. As C. That D. It 12. It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since

D. that 13. It was back home after the experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didnt

go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go14. Why! I have nothing to confess.

You want me to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that

D. How it is that 15. It is the ability

to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it 二、填空题 1. a lot

of people lost their jobs in the city last month. 2. ,

a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month. 3.

he will be admitted to the key university. 4. He has made

some great movies. . 5. for you to get up early tomorrow.

6. I had been away when he called.

7. nobody knows what

has happened. 8. its going to rain. 9. the thieves

dont know how much it is worth. 10. to leave a message

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for her. 11. Its no use . 12. , they never listen.

13. youve achieved so much success. 14. 很明确）most of

the farmers have brought in more money by all means. 15.

the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment. in carrying out this experiment. 17.

I havent been to the get-together. 1that I get up at six

every day in the morning. 19. I to take plenty of hot

water every day. 20. Its high time that we to stop pollution. 21. to recover from the illness. 22.

This/It is the third time that I . . 24. It is /

has been two years . 25. 对你没什么差别）whether I like

it or not，because you never listen to me. 26. before we

know the result of the experiment. 27. Measures have been

taken to solve the problem，but before the situation improves.

28. the weather was bad. 29. whether we go together or separately? 30. that he might have forgotten our date.

31. he will change his mind. 32. we will go to Beijing.

33. hundreds of people in the field；it was quite full. 34.

a church at the corner of the street. 35. She she had

nothing to do with the decision. 36. I everything is

ready. 37. What a pity my new computer doesnt work. with

it. 38. she was a friend of my sister. 39. Come and

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see me when . 40. complaining . It doesnt make difference. it 用法专练一．替代词 it, that, one, those 的用法辨

析 1. The award on the left is more beautiful than _______

on the right. A the one B one C it D this 2. Few pleasures can equal ________of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some

B. any

C. that

D. those 3. The hunter?s younger

sister is taller than the elder ___. A the one B one

C that

D this 4. I need the plastic bags, not the

paper______ . A the one B ones C thatD this 5. The

TV sets made in China are much better than ________ in Japan. A．thatB．thoseC．themD．It 6. Listen to________! We will

have three days off. A the one B ones C thatD this 7.

A penny saved is a penny earned. Who said_________? A the

one B ones C that D this 8. I bought a dictionary three

years ago and I am still using______ now. A one B ones

C it

D this 9. I bought a dictionary three years ago but

I am going to buy a new _______soon. A one B ones C itD

this 10. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected____ to be much better. A.that B. this C.

oneD .it 11 Equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from______. A. those of the

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past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past 12.My

most famous relative of all, ___who really left his mark on America,wasReb Sussel,my great-grandfather. A. one B.

the oneC. heD. someone 13. He has one blue pen and two

red ________. A. one B. those C. onesD. ones 14.

Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious

than_____ mobile phones do. A. oneB. ones C. it D. those 15. Cook was a strict but good captain, ______ who took good

care of the sailors on his ship. A. that B. one C. itD.

what 16. Mr Zhang gave the text books to all the pupils except____who had already taken them. A.these

B.ones

C.the ones

D.the others 17. Im looking for a flat. Would you like ____ with ____ garden? A．it; the B．it;

a C．one; a D．one; the 18.Meeting my uncle after all

these years was an unforgettable moment, ___I will always treasure. A.that B.one C.it D.what 19. The

style of the building is similar to _________of a temple.

A.that

B.one

C.it

D.what 20. The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while___in their school aren?t. A.that B.one C.it D.those 21.Our food

and service are better than ________ used to be. A．itB．thatC．theyD．those 22.I?m moving to the

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in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 23.We?ve been looking at houses but haven?t found _____we like

yet. A. one B. onesC. it D. them 24.I prefer a flat

in Inveneas to _____in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom?s A. oneB. that C. it D. this 25.We needed a

new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood

we had. A. itB. one C. himself D. another 二.

易混句型辨析。

1.①_____ is well know to us all that the earth is round. ②____ is well known to us all, the earth is round.

A.That

B.As

C.It

D.Which 2. ①It was some time later

__we realized the trick. ②.It was some time __we realized the trick. A.until B.before C. that D.

since 3. ①___ no wonder that he has passed the exam.

②___ no need for you to wait here. A.That is B.What

isC.It is D.There is 4. ①Was it the house ____ Abraha m Lincoln was born? ②Was it in the house ____ Abraham Lincoln was born? A.that B.where C.in whichD.both B and

C 5. ① It?s very good ____ you to help us. ② It?s

very good _____ you to take exercises regularly. A.for

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B.of

C.to D with . 6. ① It is no good ____ such a thing.

②It?s of no importance _____ such a thing. A.doB.to

doC.doingD.done 7.①Its time that we ____ to school.

②It is the second time that we _____ to Beijing. A.go

B.went

C.have been

D.had been 8.①Its tomorrow ____ he is

going to Beijing. ②It was oclock _____ he went to school.

A.that

B.when

C.before

D.since 9.①It is years ____ he

joined the army. ②It will be years ____ he joins the army.

A.befor e

B.after

C.since

D.when 10. ①_____ being fine, we decided to walk to the park. ②______ being no bus, we decided to walk home. A. This B. ItC. There D. That 三．It 常用句式 1 It was last night ___ I saw the film.

A. the time

B. when

C. that

D. which 2.Was it on October 1,194___the PRC was founded? A. when B that C

which D who It was not until midnight____he came to .

A. that B before C when Dsince 4.It was two in the morning __my son got up . A. when B that C which D who 5____was 199___I graduated from the university. A. That,

thatB It ;that C That ;when D It; when 6.It is more than

twenty years____China began to carry out the open-door policy.

A. thatB before C since D which It won?t be long

___your mother comes back from work. A since B after

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C.before D that It was only with the help of the local

guide __. A. was the mountain climber rescued B.

that the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued Why!I have nothing to confess .__you want me to

say? A What is it that B What it is that C How is it that

D How it is that 10 It was in this room___I once

lived___we had a meeting. A where, that B which ,that

C where ,where

D that .where 11.It was in Indonesia, the

UN officials believe,___the tsunani caused the greatest damage.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D.that 12.It was in the

factory __produced TV sets ___ our friend was murdered. A. which, which B. that, which C. that, that D. where, that

13.It was last year __you taught me how to drive .

A.when

B.that

C.where

D.which 14.It was for this reason__her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a

small village. A.which B.why C.that D.how

15.I can?t quite remember__he began teaching in our school.

A. that, it was when

B.when it was that

C.when was it that

D.that was it when 16.It is __who __wrong. A we,

am B. me, is C. I , am D.I , is 17.It is __he often

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fails in exams __ makes his parents worried about him.

A. that, what

B.because, that

C. what, what

D. that, that

18. It is you , rather than he ,that ___for the accident.

A.is to blame

B.are to blame

C.is to be blamed

D. are to be

blamed 19.---Where did you meet him? ---It was in the

park ____ his wife and he first met. A. that B. where

C. on which

D. when 20.---He was nearly drown once.

---When was _____ ---______ was in 199when he was in

middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D.

that; This 21._____ in the regulations that you should

not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D.

It requires 22. Were all three people in the car injured

in the accident No, ___ only the two passengers ___ got hurt． A．they were; thatB．there was;who C．it was; whoD．there are; who 23.It was ________ that I visited

the Great Wall .A. many yearsB. years agoC. for many timesD.years before 24.It is________ since I visited the

Great Wall .A. many yearsB. years agoC. for many timesD.years before 25. I hate ______ when people ask me

for money. A．it B．that C．these D．them 26. ---Do

you still remember ___ you lost your wallet? ---Yeah. It was

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at the crossing ___ I got lost. A．where was it/ that B.

where it was that/that C. The place where/thatD. where it was

that/where 27.I don?t like working late into the night，

but I cant help _____. A. so B. that C. it D. them 28.Well really catch ______ from our teacher if were late for

class again. A. it B. that C. so D. them It 用

法答案：

一．1ACBBB10 DCCAD 111ABDBB 1620 CCBAD 12CCAAB 二．C/B C/B C/D D/A B/A C/B B/C A/B C/A B/C 三．1CBAAD 10 CCBAA 111DCBCB 1620 CDBBA 12CCBAA2DCA It

的用法 It 的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是

it 用于强调句。

其考查方式多通过单项填空进行，偶尔也出现在短文改错和完形

填空中。

一、要点点拔 1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。

指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。

1) －Who is the baby? －It?s my teacher?s

son． 2) －Who is that gentleman? －Its my friend Tom．He wants to see you． 2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、

距离、季节等。

例如：

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1) It?s half an hour?s walk from here to our school． 2) It?s nice and warm here． 3) But its

two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school． 3．用作形式主语.it 没有具体意义，而只是帮助

把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借 it 给移至

句子后尾的主语有三种：

一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。

1).It 替代真正的主语动词不定式短语. It is easier to say than to do . It is a good act to help the others. 2).it 替代真正的主语动名词短语,以动名词短语做

主语的句子，主要在以 no good, no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish 等词作表语的句中. It?s no harm drinking running

water in that area。

It?s foolish talking like that. 3).it 替代从

句作主语，用从句做主语的带 it 的句子很多,常见的有下面几类：

① It is a pity that It is a shame that he didn?t

pass the exam. ② It is strange that 。

It was clear that they had no desire for peace.

③ It seems that It seemed that things were not as they expected. ④ It is said that It is said that the tickets have been sold out . 4.用作形式宾语。

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,－ing 短语或从句往往

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。

1) We find it difficult to learn English well in such

a short time． 2) We think it no use crying over spilt milk． 3) We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting． 5．用于强调句型，即It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它句型之中。

使用该句型有以下几点请注意：

① 强调句的谓语 is 或 was 永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street．②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用 that 连接，不得使用 where、when 等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday．③被强调部分为人时，可用 who 和 whom 代替that，用 that 也行。

1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday． 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday．④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。

1) It is they who are our friends． 2) It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night．⑤ 注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。

It is wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，

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只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。

比较：

1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night．我

们昨晚到家时已十点了。

2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night．我

们昨晚是在十点到家的。

第一句不是强调句，when 不可改为 that,因为去掉 it

was 和 that 后，只能组成We got home ten oclock last night．这

样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．二、常用句型及考点 I. 形式主语型 1.

It is clear that 2. It is important that 掌握

本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚

拟语气，should 可以省去。

3. It is no good doing sth．

4. It is a pity

that 本句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气，should

可以省去。

表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。

没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

5. It is time that 本句型中 that 后的从句应

该用虚拟语气。

6. It is the first time that

7. It is said that

8. It is suggested that 本句型中的过去分词应该是表示

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请求、建议、命令等的词，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气，should 可

以省略。

常译为据建议；有命令。

9. It happens that 10. It takes sbto do sth． 11. It doesn?t matter whether 12. It is kind

to do sth．本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前

置介词 of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容

词，常见的有 bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible， kind，lazy，modest，naughty, polite，rude，silly, stupid，wise，wrong 等。

13. It is necessary to do sth． 14. It is

like sb to do sth．本句型为某人是样子。

用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。

例：

Its like him to leave the work to others．他就是这

样的一个人，把工作推给别人。

15. It is up to sb to do sth．本句型表示谊

由某人做。

II．强调句型 It is+ 被强调部分+that/who 本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。

强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。

19 / 24

III．其他句型 1. It issince 本句型主句中用时

间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句常用瞬间动词

的一般过去时态。

主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。

2. It iswhen 本句型中的 when 引导的是一个时

间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。

3. It looks as if．．．本句型中的 as if 引导

一个状语从句，常译为看起来好像。

如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．例 1 It looks as

if he is ill . 例 It looks as if he were ill . Exercises: 一．单项选择 1.It was at the gate ____

he told me the news. A. thatB. what C. which D. when

2.Is ____necessary to tell his father everything A. it

B. that

C. what

D. he 3.Was it in this palace ____ the

last emperor died? A. thatB. in whichC. in where D. which 4.Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.

now B. man C. that D. it 5.Was it during the Second

World War ____he died? A. thatB. whileC. in which D. then

6.Is ____necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. he 7.I dont think ____possible

to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.

this B. that C. its D. it 8.Does ____matter if he cant

It用法练习题及答案

It的用法 一．单项选择 1.It was at the gate ____ he told me the news. A. that B. what C. which D. when 2.Is ____necessary to tell his father everything A. it B. that C. what D. he 3.Was it in this palace ____ the last emperor died? A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 4.Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. now B. man C. that D. it 5.Was it during the Second World War ____he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 6.Is ____necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 7.I don't think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 8.Does ____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 9.It was not ____she took off her dark glasses ____ ,I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then 10.Tom‘s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 11.____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 12. Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A．now B．man C．that D．it 13．Our food and service are better than ________ used to be. A．it B．we C．they D．them 14．________ appears to me ________ the report must be truth. A．That; it B．It; that C．It; it D．That; that 15．He feels ________ duty to help others. A．that he B．that his C．it he D．it his 16．Take ________ easy. The roads are icy. A．it B．them C．us D．you 17．The TV sets made in China are much better than ________ in Japan. A．that B．those C．them D．It 18．—— Have you found the bike you lost yesterday? ——Yes, I've found ________ already. A．it B．that C．the one D．that one 19.——I'm looking for a flat.

古汉语意动用法

古汉语意动用法 学案博苑 2011-12-16 1005 古汉语意动用法 在文言文中还有一种特殊的动宾关系，那就是意动关系，在文言词法中叫意动用法。 意动用法是古汉语的词类活用一种，一个词加上一个宾语，在意义上是“认为（宾语）是……”“把（宾语）当作……”“以为（宾语）是……”的意思，这里的“认为，以为”就是意动，是根据意思加上去的。意动中的"“意”，就是“主观认为”，就是“主观上把某个事物当作”的意思。 如“王欲将孙膑”中的“将”就是“把（孙膑）作为将军”之意。 又如：“先天下之忧”中的“先”即是“把（天下之忧）当作最重要的”。 又如，“以其小，劣之”中的“劣”即为“（因为它小，所以）认为（它）很劣”。 意动用法只限于形容词和名词的活用，动词本身没有意动用法。 使动用法是主语使宾语在客观上产生某种动作行为，而意动用法是主语主观上认为（或以为）宾语具有谓语所表示的内容，是存于意念的想法或看法，客观上不一定如此。一般可译为“认为......”“以......为......”等。

例如“孔子登东山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下”句子中的两个“小”都是形容词而且都带了宾语，意思是“认为…小”了，全句的意思是："孔子登上东山以后，鲁国就在自己的脚下，就像鲁国变小了一样，登上泰山以后，天下就在自己的脚下，天下如同变一样。“鲁”“天下”都是客观存在，是主观上认为事物发生了变化。公式：常用的是“以……为……”，或者用：认为（觉得）十宾语十意动词，也可以翻译成把（对）十其语十当作（感到）十意动词。 因为意动用法是一种主观上的意念，所以，在文言文中表心理活动的动词常会出现意动用法。常见的词有："怪""羞""耻"等，如"孟尝君怪之"，这个"怪"就是"对……感到奇怪"的意思，简单说就是"以之为怪"。 再看一个例子，韩愈的狮说》里有这样一句话"于其身也，则耻师焉"这里的"耻"是"认为（觉得）……羞耻"的意思。最后举一个名词的例子韩愈的《师谢里有"生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之"的句子，这里的"师"是名词作意动用，意为"把……作老师"。 1.名词的意动用法 名词用作意动，是把它后面的宾语所代表的人或事物看做这个名词所代表的人或事物。 例1：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 宾客：本为名词，这里活用为意动词。“宾客其父”是动宾结构，意为“以其父为宾客”。 例2：父利其然也。（《伤仲永》） 利：是名词活用作意动词。“利其然”即“以其然为利”（把这种情况视为有利可图）。 2.形容词的意动用法 形容词用作意动，是主观上认为后面的宾语所代表的人或事物具有这个形容词所代表的性质或状态。 例1：渔人甚异之。（《桃花源记》） 异：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“异之”，即“以之为异”（认为这件事奇怪） 例2：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》）

文言文中意动用法、使动用法和为动用法

文言文中意动用法、使动用法和为动用法 一、意动用法： 所谓意动用法，是指谓语动词具有“以之为何”的意思，即认为宾语怎样或把宾语当作怎样。一般可译为“认为……”“以……为……”等。 意动用法只限于形容词和名词的活用，动词本身没有意动用法。 1、名词的意动用法：名词用作意动，是把它后面的宾语所代表的人或事物看做 这个名词所代表的人或事物。 例1：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 宾客：本为名词，这里活用为意动词。“宾客其父”是动宾结构，意为“以其父为宾客”。 例2：父利其然也。（《伤仲永》） 利：是名词活用作意动词。“利其然”即“以其然为利”（把这种情况视为有利可图）。 2、形容词的意动用法：形容词用作意动，是主观上认为后面的宾语所代表的人 或事物具有这个形容词所代表的性质或状态。 例1：渔人甚异之。（《桃花源记》） 异：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“异之”，即“以之为异”（认为这件事奇怪） 例2：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 奇：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“奇之”，即“以之为奇”（认为他才能非凡） 二、使动用法： 所谓使动用法，是指谓语动词具有“使之怎么样”的意思，即此时谓语动词表示的动作不是主语发出的，而是由宾语发出的。实际上，它是以动宾的结构方式表达了兼语式的内容。 使动用法中的谓语动词，有的是由名词、形容词活用来的。由于原来的词类不同，活用作使动之后，它们所表示的语法意义也不完全相同。 1、动词使动用法：动词和它的宾语不是一般的支配与被支配的关系，而是使宾 语所代表的人或事产生这个动词所表示的动作行为。 例1：行仁义而怀西戎，遂王天下。（《五蠹》） 怀：使……归顺。 例2：直可惊天地，泣鬼神。（《〈黄花冈七十二烈士事略〉序》）惊：使……震惊。泣：使……悲泣。 例3：操军方连船舰，首尾相接，可烧而走也。（《赤壁之战》） 走：使操军逃跑。 2、名词使动用法：名词用作使动词，是指这个名词带了宾语，并且使宾语所代 表的人或事物变成这个名词所代表的人或事物。翻译时要采 用兼语式的形式。 例1：文王以百里之壤而臣诸侯。（《毛遂自荐》） 臣：使……称臣。 例2：先破秦入咸阳者王之。（《鸿门宴》）

it的用法归纳

?Never be afraid of grammar ?Collect some examples; ?Watch them very carefully; ?Find out something in common; ?Try to use the rules ---- practise. it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 1.指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如： I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 “Where is the dog?”“It’s in the bedroom. ”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。 2.指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。 【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It’s me。

3.代替某些代词 代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等。如： “What’s this?”“It’s a new machine. ”“这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗? 二、it 作非人称代词的用法 1.基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如： It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。 2.用于某些句型 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。 It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。 It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”) It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)

It用法练习题及答案

It的用法 一．单项选择 was at the gate ____ he told me the news. A. that B. what C. which D. when ____necessary to tell his father everything A. it B. that C. what D. he it in this palace ____ the last emperor died? A. that B. in which C. in where D. which ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. now B. man C. that D. it it during the Second World War ____he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then ____necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he don't think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it ____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it was not ____she took off her dark glasses ____ ,I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then ‘s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 12. Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A．now B．man C．that D．it 13．Our food and service are better than ________ used to be. A．it B．we C．they D．them 14．________ appears to me ________ the report must be truth. A．That; it B．It; that C．It; it D．That; that 15．He feels ________ duty to help others. A．that he B．that his C．it he D．it his 16．Take ________ easy. The roads are icy. A．it B．them C．us D．you 17．The TV sets made in China are much better than ________ in Japan. A．that B．those C．them D．It 18．—— Have you found the bike you lost yesterday? —— Yes, I've found ________ already. A．it B．that C．the one D．that one 19.—— I'm looking for a flat.

如何区分使动用法和意动用法

如何区分使动用法和意动用法 一、使动用法 使动用法是一种特殊的动宾关系，是指谓语动词所表示的动作不是由主语所代表的人物发出，而是在主语的影响下使宾语发出的，谓语动词具有“使宾语干什么（怎么样）”的意思。使动用法主要有四种：名词的使动用法；动词的使动用法；形容词的使动用法；数词的使动用法。 （一）名词的使动用法： 表示使宾语成为这个名词所代表的人或事物，或使宾语产生这个名词用作动词后所表示的动作。例如： ①域民不以封疆之界。（使……定居） ②桓公解管仲之束缚而相之。（让……做丞相） （二）动词的使动用法： 动词的使动用法主要发生在不能带宾语的动词上。例如： ①焉用亡郑以陪邻?（使……灭亡） ②广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉。（使……发怒） “亡”“忿恚”都不能带宾语，但因分别跟了“郑”“尉”，需用使动用法解释。 某些可带宾语的动词也有使动用法。例如： 谨食之，时而献焉。（“食”，吃，这里是捕蛇者“使蛇吃”即让蛇吃东西，可译为喂养。“食”用作使动意义后读sì。） （三）形容词的使动用法： 形容词的使动用法同动词的使动用法略有区别，它的特点是使宾语所表示的人或事物具有这个形容词所表示的性质或状态。例如： ①今媪尊长安君之位。（使……尊贵） ②诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦。（使……势力削弱） （四）数词的使动用法

数词活用为动词后也有使动用法。例如： 籍令秦始皇长世，……虽四三皇，六五帝，曾不足比隆也。（假若秦始皇长寿的话，……那么即使是使秦始皇与三皇并列成为四皇，与五帝并列成为六帝，也不能比拟秦始皇的隆盛） 数词的使动用法，在于使事物发生数量的（如例句的“四”可解释为“使……成为四个”，“六”可解释为“使……成为六个”）或以数量为比喻的变化。 二、意动用法 意动用法也是一种特殊的动宾关系。是指谓语动词具有“认为（或以为）宾语怎么样”或者“把宾语当作什么”的意思，总之，动作是主语意念上发出的。意动用法有两种：形容词的意动用法；名词的意动用法。 （一）形容词的意动用法 由形容词活用而来的动词，表示主观上认为（觉得）宾语具有这个形容词所表示的性质或状态；例如： ①滕公奇其言，壮其貌，释而不斩。（认为其言奇，认为其貌壮，可译为：认为其言出众不凡，其貌壮美） ②孔子登山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下。（认为……小，可译为：孔子登上东山就觉得鲁国小了，登上泰山就觉得天下小了） （二）名词的意动用法 名词用作意动，是把它后面的宾语看作这个名词所代表的人或事物。例如： ①今我在也，而人皆藉（欺侮）吾弟，令我百岁后，皆鱼肉之。（把……当作鱼肉任意宰割） ②孟尝君客我。（把……当作客人） 区分“使动”“意动”实践操练 下列各句中均有活用的词，或“意动”，或“使动”，请你分别指出。 1. 广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉。（《陈涉世家》）

使动用法意动用法为动用法

使动用法意动用法为动 用法 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

文言文专题——使动用法 知识指津 所谓使动用法，是指谓语动词具有“使之怎么样”的意思，即此时谓语动词表示的动作不是主语发出的，而是由发出的。实际上，它是以动宾的表达了兼语式的内容。使动用法中的谓语动词，有的是由名词、形容词活用来的。由于原来的词类不同，活用作使动之后，它们所表示的语法意义也不完全相同。 动词和它的宾语不是一般的支配与被支配的关系，而是使宾语所代表的人或事产生这个动词所表示的动作行为。 一般说来，被活用为使动的动词，多数是不及物动词。不及物动词本来不带宾语，用于使动后，后面就带有宾语。翻译时要采用兼语式的形式。 例1：怀：使……归顺。 例2：直可惊天地，泣鬼神。（《〈黄花冈七十二烈士事略〉序》） 惊：使……震惊。 泣：使……悲泣。 例3：河曲智叟笑而止之曰。（《愚公移山》） 止：使……停止（使愚公止） 及物动词也有活用为使动的，但较少见。 例4：无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。（《陋室铭》） 乱：使……扰乱劳：使……劳累 名词用作使动词，是指这个名词带了宾语，并且使宾语所代表的人或事物变成这个名词所代表的人或事物。翻译时要采用兼语式的形式。 例1：文王以百里之壤而臣诸侯。（《毛遂自荐》） 臣：使……称臣。 例2：先破秦入咸阳者王之。（《鸿门宴》） 王：使……为王。 形容词带上宾语以后，如果使得宾语具有这个形容词的性质和状态，那么这个形容词则活用为使动词。 例1：苦其心志。（《生于忧患，死于安乐》） 苦：使……痛苦。 例2：大王必欲急臣，臣头今与璧俱碎于柱矣！（《廉颇蔺相如列传》） 急：使……急。 例3：凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃。（《小石潭记》） 凄：使……凄凉 寒：使……寒冷 实践训练：

选修6It的用法语法练习题及答案

It的用法 It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。 1．(NMET98) It was only when I reread his poems recently ___ I began to appreciate their beauty．A．until B．that C．then D．so 正确答案：B 此题考查强调句，所以用that。 2．(NMET98) I hate____when people talk with their mouths full． A．it B．that C．these D．them 正确答案：A 此题考查it作形式宾语的用法，所以选A。 3．(MET91，短文改错)David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it would probably lead to a village． 正确答案：去掉it，因为定语从句中已有宾语which。 一、要点点拔 1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。 1) －Who is the baby? －It‘s my teacher’s son． 2) －Who is that gentleman? －It's my friend Tom．He(不可用It) wants to see you． 2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如： 1) It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school． 2) It‘s nice and warm here． 3) But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school． 3．用作形式主语.it 没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it 给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。 1).It 替代真正的主语——动词不定式短语. It is easier to say than to do . It is a good act to help the others. 2).it 替代真正的主语——动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以no good, no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish 等词作表语的句中. It’s no harm drinking running water in that area。 It’s foolish talking like that. 3).it 替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it 的句子很多,常见的有下面几类： ①It is a pity (a shame ,a fact ,a wonder ,a good thing,etc. )that… It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam. ②It is strange ( surprising,obvious ,true, good,possible,clear,etc. ) that…。 It was clear that they had no desire for peace. ③It seems (happened ,turned out,etc.)that… It seemed that things were not as they expected. ④It is said ( decided ,expected ,etc)that … It is said that the tickets have been sold out . 4.用作形式宾语。

文言文中意动用法,使动用法，为动用法

文言文中意动用法、使动用法和为动用法 意动用法 所谓意动用法，是指谓语动词具有“以之为何”的意思，即认为宾语怎样或把宾语当作怎样。一般可译为“认为......”“以......为......”等。 意动用法只限于形容词和名词的活用，动词本身没有意动用法。 1.名词的意动用法 名词用作意动，是把它后面的宾语所代表的人或事物看做这个名词所代表的人或事物。 例1：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 宾客：本为名词，这里活用为意动词。“宾客其父”是动宾结构，意为“以其父为宾客”。 例2：父利其然也。（《伤仲永》） 利：是名词活用作意动词。“利其然”即“以其然为利”（把这种情况视为有利可图）。 2.形容词的意动用法

形容词用作意动，是主观上认为后面的宾语所代表的人或事物具有这个形容词所代表的性质或状态。 例1：渔人甚异之。（《桃花源记》） 异：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“异之”，即“以之为异”（认为这件事奇怪） 例2：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 奇：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“奇之”，即“以之为奇”（认为他才能非凡） 上述这些词类活用现象，还不能概括所有情况。比如数词或者数量词优势也可活用为动词甚至是使动词。 使动用法 所谓使动用法，是指谓语动词具有“使之怎么样”的意思，即此时谓语动词表示的动作不是主语发出的，而是由宾语发出的。实际上，它是以动宾的结构方式表达了兼语式的内容。 使动用法中的谓语动词，有的是由名词、形容词活用来的。由于原来的词类不同，活用作使动之后，它们所表示的语法意义也不完全相同。 一、动词使动用法

动词和它的宾语不是一般的支配与被支配的关系，而是使宾语所代表的人或事产生这个动词所表示的动作行为。 例1：行仁义而怀西戎，遂王天下。（《五蠹》） 怀：使……归顺。 例2：直可惊天地，泣鬼神。（《〈黄花冈七十二烈士事略〉序》 惊：使……震惊。泣：使……悲泣。 例3：河曲智叟笑而止之曰。（《愚公移山》） 止：使之止（使愚公止） 例4：操军方连船舰，首尾相接，可烧而走也。（《赤壁之战》） 走：使操军逃跑 二、名词使动用法 名词用作使动词，是指这个名词带了宾语，并且使宾语所代表的人或事物变成这个名词所代表的人或事物。翻译时要采用兼语式的形式。 例1：文王以百里之壤而臣诸侯。（《毛遂自荐》） 臣：使……称臣。 例2：先破秦入咸阳者王之。（《鸿门宴》） 王：使……为王。

高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结

高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...

it用法专项练习题

it用法专练 一．替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析 1. The award on the left is more beautiful than _______ on the right. A the one B one C it D this 2. Few pleasures can equal ________of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 3. The hunter’s younger sister is taller than the elder ___. A the one B one C that D this 4. I need the plastic bags, not the paper______ . A the one B ones C that D this 5. The TV sets made in China are much better than ________ in Japan. A．that B．those C．them D．It 6. Listen to________! We will have three days off. A the one B ones C that D this 7. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said_________? A the one B ones C that D this 8. I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using______ now. A one B ones C it D this 9. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _______soon. A one B ones C it D this 10. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected____ to be much better. A.that B. this C. one D .it 11 Equipped with modern facilities, today's libraries differ greatly from______. A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past 12.My most famous relative of all, ___who really left his mark on America,wasReb Sussel,my great-grandfather. A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 13. He has one blue pen and two red ________. A. one B. those C. one's D. ones 14. Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious than_____ mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 15. Cook was a strict but good captain, ______ who took good care of the sailors on his ship. A. that B. one C. it D. what 16. Mr Zhang gave the text books to all the pupils except____who had already taken them. A.these B.ones C.the ones D.the others 17. —— I'm looking for a flat. —— Would you like ____ with ____ garden? A．it; the B．it; a C．one; a D．one; the 18.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___I will always treasure. A.that B.one C.it D.what 19. The style of the building is similar to _________of a temple. A.that B.one C.it D.what 20. The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while___in their school aren’t. A.that B.one C.it D.those 21.Our food and service are better than ________ used to be. A．it B．that C．they D．those 22.I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 23.We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____we like yet.

古文中的意动用法与使动用法

古文中的意动用法与使动用法 主备人：李军 所谓意动用法，是指谓语动词具有“以之为何”的意思，即认为宾语怎样或把宾语当作怎样。意动用法只限于形容词和名词的活用，动词本身没有意动用法。 使动用法是主语使宾语在客观上产生某种动作行为，而意动用法是主语主观上认为（或以为）宾语具有谓语所表示的内容，是存于意念的想法或看法，客观上不一定如此。一般可译为“认为......”“以......为......”等。 例1：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 宾客：本为名词，这里活用为意动词。“宾客其父”是动宾结构，意为“以宾客之礼待其父”。 例2：父利其然也。（《伤仲永》） 利：是名词活用作意动词。“利其然”即“以其然为利”（把这种情况视为有利可图）。 例3：侣鱼虾而友麋鹿。（《前赤壁赋》） 侣，友：名词的意动用法，以…为侣以…为友 例4：故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子。（《大道之行》） 亲：以…为亲子：以…为子（两者都指前者） 2.形容词的意动用法 形容词用作意动，是主观上认为后面的宾语所代表的人或事物具有这个形容词所代表的性质或状态。 例1：渔人甚异之。（《桃花源记》） 异：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“异之”，即“以之为异”（认为这件事奇怪） 例2：邑人奇之，稍稍宾客其父。（《伤仲永》） 奇：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“奇之”，即“以之为奇”（认为他才能非凡） 例3：且庸人尚羞之，况将相乎？（《廉颇蔺相如列传》） 羞：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“羞之”，即：“以之为羞”（觉得这件事让人感

到羞耻） 例4：世果群怪聚骂。（《答韦中立论师道书》） 怪：原为形容词，这里用作意动词。“怪”后省略“韩愈”即“以韩愈为怪”（认为韩愈这个人很怪异） 上述这些词类活用现象，还不能概括所有情况。比如数词或者数量词优势也可活用为动词甚至是使动词。 使动用法和意动用法的区别 使动：谓使动用法，是指谓语动词具有“使宾语怎么样”的意思。它是用动宾结构表达使令式的内容。 意动：认为……怎么样：余颇易之（我认为甚是简单） 使动用法指动词谓语表示主语使宾语"怎么样"的用法。有些名词和形容词活用为使动词，表示"使......"的意思。有三种：1.动词的使动用法。如"必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨"中的"劳"，意思是"使....劳累"。 2.名词的使动用法。是"使......成为......."的意思。3.形容词的使动用法。特点是使宾语表示的人或物具有这个形容词所表示的性质或状态。 意动用法表示主语认为宾语怎么样，或主语把宾语当作什么。有两种：1.名词的意动用法。例如"先破秦入咸阳者王之"中的"王"，意思是"以....为王"。 2.形容词的意动用法。例如"而耻学于师"中的"耻"，意思是"以为耻"。 名词做状语 在文言文某些特殊的语言环境中，名词放在动词的前面，它不是动作行为的施事者，而是对动作行为起着直接的修辞限制作用，从而担负起形容词、副词的语法功能，充当了动词谓语的状语。 名词作状语是词类活用中最常见也是最复杂的一种语法现象。一般而言，名词在现代汉语中放在动词的前面，构成主谓短语作主语，或者是放在动词的后面构成动宾短语，作动词谓语的宾语，而状语一般由形容词、副词充当。但在文言文某些特殊的语言环境中，名词放在动词的前面，它不是动作行为的施事者，而是对动作行为起着直接的修辞限制作用，从而担负起形容词、副词的语法功能，充当了动词谓语的状语。名词作状语有的很富有修辞色彩，了解这种语法现象有助于更好地理解古文的句意。

语法专题十：it的用法

语法专题十：it的用法 1.指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。 2.指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。 3.代替不定式，作形式主语或形式宾语(常与feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard等连用)。 4.代替动名词，作形式主语或形式宾语： It is no good / no use / useless / dangerous + doing I think it no good / no use / useless / dangerous + doing I think it no use complaining about their prejudice. 5.代替主语从句、宾语从句，作形式主语或形式宾语： It seems / appears / happens / turns out / proves + that… It is certain / likely / possible / probable + that… We have made it clear that she has nothing to do with the case. 6.用于强调句：It is / was … that / who… A student witnessed the car accident at the turning last night. (1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (1) _________________________________________________________. (2) _________________________________________________________. (3) _________________________________________________________. (4) _________________________________________________________. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that… I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. ________________________________________________________________. 7. 其他重要句型： It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that…（should+动词原形） It is said (reported, learned…) that… It is suggested (ordered…) that…（should）+动词原形 It is a pity (a sham) that …（should）+动词原形 It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that... It occurs to sb. to do / that…：使某人想起…… It is/ has been +一段时间+ since ...+过去时 It will be +一段时间+ before ... It looks ( seems ) as if … It is no wonder…：难怪 When it comes to…：当谈到…… It comes about that…：发生 8. appreciate, love, like, hate, see to(负责，注意) + it + 从句 巩固练习： 1. It took us over an hour ______ along the street. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked 2. I think it a great honour ______to visit your country. A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited 3. Many people now make ______a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas. A. themselves B. it C. that D. this 4.______is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.