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四六级翻译练习题讲解及答案

四六级翻译练习题讲解及答案
四六级翻译练习题讲解及答案

[翻译技巧] 名师总结2011四六级考试翻译主要考点

四级翻译部分为汉译英,共5个句子,一句一题,句长为15-30词,句中的一部分已用英文给出,考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语,考试时间5分钟。翻译题重点考察考生对语法结构及常用英语表达习惯的掌握情况。若考生语法功底较好且句型和词组储备丰富,那么此题不会太为难。和作文相比,翻译虽只是个把句子,但来路不明难以猜测。作文尚可背诵模板以备执笔急需之用,而翻译则全无,它微小零星却锋利难防,并将考生模板式作文的画皮扯下,暴露其撰句能力的真实面目,所以令人可畏。

根据近几年的翻译真题来看,针对某项语法重复考察率比较高,所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。下面所提一些重点语法工程,并提出一些建议,希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

(1)句型以及其倒装使用

2008年6月翻译真题第91题:

__________________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key:Not until he accomplished / finished the mission )

建议:以此类推,掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出)

Not only ……..but also……

So ( Such )…that……..

Not until……….

Neither…..nor……..

Hardly …..when……..

No sooner ……than…….

Only by /through /in …., …………..

例:Not only __________ (他向我收费过高)but he didn’t do a good repair. (key:did he charge me too much)

(2)从句

a. 定语从句

2008年12月翻译真题第87题:

Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _________________(他们至今还没有答案) (Key :which/that they haven’t found answers to)

b. 状语从句

真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句(2007 年6月第91题),no matter引导的让步状语从句(2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题)

建议:关于定语从句,到目前为止所考察的均为关系代词which/ that等所引导的,所以考生需额外留意关系副词where/ when/how 所引导的定语从句。对于状语从句,继续复习如时间状语从句,方式状语从句,因果状语从句等其他类状语从句。除却定语从句,状语从句外,名词性从句也需加强,如宾语从句(特别注意wish/ would rather 引导的宾语从句中虚拟样式),表语从句,同位语从句甚至主语从句。

(3)非谓语动词

a. 分词做伴随状语

2008年6月第90题:

______________(与我成长的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. (key : Compared with the place where I grew up)

注意,答案中除过去分词(compared with …)做伴随外,还含有where引导的定语从句。

b. 动词不定式做目的状语

2006年6月第88题

_____________(为了挣钱供我上学),Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (Key : to support my university studies )

建议:由于非谓语动词除分词和动词不定式外,还包括动名词,但尚未考察过,所以考生有必要预备非谓语动词之“动名词”情况。

(4)其他类语法如:虚拟语气,比较级,情态动词。

(5)常用词组:尤其是动介词组,如adapt to …., have trouble doing ……,be likely to do…. , attribute …to..等类似样式。

作文是表达自己,可以随心所愿,而翻译是表达别人,被动且受制。学习翻译,尝试放下过分的自我,顺服接受,反而会行得更容易些。

名师总结:四六级考试完型填空常用短语at all events 无论如何in the event of 万一

cut across 抄近路cut back 削减cut in 插嘴

cut sb. short打断某人说话

in danger 在危险中out of danger 脱离危险

up to date 时新的out of date 过期

take delight in 以...为乐

derive from 源于

die off 相继死去

die out消失,灭绝

make a difference 有影响do away with 废除,去掉

draw up 草拟drop by 顺便来访

drop out 辍学,退出off duty 下班on duty 上班,值班

dwell on 凝思,详述bring into effect 使生效

put into effect 实行,生效

come into effect 生效,实施in effect 有效,实际上

take effect 生效,起作用

in essence 大体上

in excess of 超过catch one’s eye 引人注目

keep an eye on 留意,照看

in the face of 面对

fall behind 落后

fall back on 求助于

fall in with 符合,与...一致

so far 迄今为止

in favor of 有利于,赞成,支持

be fed up with 感到厌烦

2011年CET6翻译练习:

1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.

2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.

3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.

4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.

5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

强调句1) It was Jefferson who wrote(考点:强调主语)

2) It is with genuine feeling that the author(考点:强调状语)

3) It was because the water had risen that(考点:强调状语从句)

4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard(考点:强调主语)

5) It was not until I told her that(考点:强调状语从句)

1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料).

5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

被动语态1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)

2) will have been published by the end of this year(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)

3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考点:1. 被动语态与情态动词联用。2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)

4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

(考点:同“3”的考点2)

5) Effective measures must be taken immediately(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)

1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________ (只是很容易被习惯所掩盖)。

2.The importance of traffic safety ,_________________ (无论如何强调都不为过)。

3.In my opinion ,______________ (打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康)。

4.There is no doubt that ______________ (近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our

country。

5.According to my personal experience ,___________________ (微笑已带给我许多好处)。

1. which is easily concealed by habits

解读:每个人都有与生俱来的能力,只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。本题的难点在于对动词“掩盖”的选择。这里的“掩盖”是抽象含义,并不是像cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物,所以应该选择conceal,常用搭配由:conceal.。.from。另外,这句话是一个非限制性定语从句。句子需填补内容是对ability的补充说明,“能力”是中心词。因此,要用which引导这个非限制性定语从句。

2. can’t be overemphasized / can’t be emphasized too much

解读:本句考查的是“再。..。。。也不为过的”的说法。英语句型是:cannot + do sth. + too much 或cannot over-do,如:He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much。(他是这样的优秀,我们怎样称赞他都不过分。)cannot是否定,与too much 和over-V. 结构连用时强调肯定,表示“怎么。..。。。也不为过”。

3. playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health

解读:句子需填补部分的主语是“打电动玩具”,虽然“打”是动词,但根据全句结构我们需要将play处理成动名词形式充当主语。此外,考察“不仅。..。。。还”的句型。“浪费时间”除了答案表达之外也可以用waste time 。

4. near-sightedness is a serious problem

解读:There is no doubt that后接从句,从句里应有完整的主谓宾结构。如:There is no doubt that the thief jumped into the room from the balcony in the second floor。(毫无疑问,小偷是从二楼的阳台跳进来的。) “近视”还可以说成myopia 或short sight 。

5. smile has done me a lot of good

解读:本题考察“带给某人很多好处”的表达。我们知道“对某人有好处”可以说成do good to sb. 或do sb. good,依此类推,“给我带来很多好处”就是:do a lot of good to me 或do me a lot of good 。

1._______________ (通过体育锻炼),we can always stay healthy。

2.According to the scientific research ,_____________ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true?

3.______________ (我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge。

4.As is known to all,______________ (假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers。

5.Faced with failure,some people can stand up to it,_____________ (从失败中汲取教训)and

try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do。

答案及解读

1. By taking exercises

解读:通过锻炼,我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也“通过”可以用by表示方式,through表示途径。By taking exercises /Through 可以用动词短语。

exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”,而through后接名词哦。

2. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed

解读:“听音乐”在句中作主语,“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实,enable就有“能够使某人……”的含义,注意enable sb. to do 的表达。

3. On no account can we

解读:本题是强调语气,强调“决不能”,所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case等。不管用哪一个,都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的,因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。

4. fake and inferior commodities

解读:“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义:一是假货,二是次品,在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake,“次品”可以说inferior 表示质量差,也可以用commodity of low quality。

5. draw useful lessons from it

解读:句意为:面对失败,有的人能够顽强抵抗,从中吸取教训,努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成,谓语动词分别是stand up to“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断,从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标,因此加上修饰语useful,使内容更明确。

应试技巧

汉语主动句译成英语被动句

我们在汉译英时,往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为:为了保证上下文连贯,使衔接更紧密,句子更自然;或强调动作承受者;或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。

1)把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。

例1 ____________(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.

译文:You will be shown our new workshop.

简评:如果这句话不是划线填内容,你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子,这就给翻译带来了一定的难度,你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分:by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征,“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以,题目是暗示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里的主语,这样才符合出题要求。

例2 You __________(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.

译文:are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.

简评:根据题目可推知全句意思是:我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是:我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头,也就是说“你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动”。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语,这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是:You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.

2)当汉语句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时,在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译,并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know,see,find,say,suppose,estimate,report,suggest,stress,consider,expect,admit,point,understand等动词。

例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。

译文:If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.

简评:这句话是一个条件从句。即:在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下,这个电子带正电荷。“我们就说这个原子带正电荷”可理解为“这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷”。那么根据前面所说的原则,我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语“我们”省略不译,并使用被动语态。

从这个例子里我们还可以看出,在科技文章中,根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态,以强调事物的客观性。

例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。

译文:All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.

简评:这句话可以按原文译成主动态,即:People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译——All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言,被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施,all kinds of measures得到强调,而主动态译法只是平铺直叙,重点不突出。

此外,汉语句子中有“据说”、“据了解”、“据报道”、“据估计”、“据传言”等词语时,可以酌情译成相应的英语被动句,如:It is supposed that(据推测……),It is said that(据说……),It is estimated that(据估计……),It is calculated that(预计……),It is reported that (据报道……),It is suggested that(有人建议),It is stressed that(有人强调……),It is thought that(有人认为……),It is considered that(有人认为……),It is expected that(据期望……),It is well known that(众所周知……),It must be admitted that(必须承认……),It must be pointed out that(必须指出……),It is understood that(谁都知道……),It may be safety said that (可以有把握地说……)等。

例5 据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源。

译文:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.

例6 众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成。

译文:It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors.

下期介绍汉语无主句译成英语被动句。

Exercise Eleven

1. A dog has won a German government award ________________ (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀).

2. The manager points out _______________ (我们的工作进展令人满意).

3. _________________ (这栋房子需要现代化):it has no bathroom or electricity.

4. ________________(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced.

5.His idea is ________________(应该立即执行计划).

答案:

1.for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide

解读:本句考查的是句子逻辑关系。根据意思可知,句子前半句是果,后半句是因。“一只狗因为协助警方阻止了一名妇女的自杀而获德国政府奖项”。英语通常把表示目的、假设、原因、让步等内容放在句子的后部,因此这句话可以由because,for来引导。“自杀”有一个固定短语commit suicide,“劝阻”要用强调结果成功的persuade。

2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily

解读:本题考查词性的转译,即:将原汉语句子中的动词“令人满意”转移成英语的副词satisfactorily。这种词性转换是翻译常用技巧,适当的转换可使译文通顺,符合英文表达习惯。另外,句子需填入部分在全句中充当宾语从句,因而不能漏译that。

3. This house needs modernizing

解读:本题同样考查汉英词性转换技巧。全句意为:这栋房子既没有浴室也没有电,(因而)需要现代化。“现代化”在汉语里是一个名词,在这个句子中实际上指的是“房子”需要配置现代化设备,它的含义不等同于modernization,“配备现代化设施”可以用modernizing来表示。英语里很多以-ing结尾的动词表示该动作的过程,通常与need连用,如:These clothes need washing. 本题是从名词到动词的转换。

4. When the plane is to take off

解读:本题考查的是以连接副词when引导的主语从句的翻译。中文意思是:飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布。这样的主语从句一般可以采用顺序法翻译。顺序法同样也适用于以that,what,whatever,who,whoever,where,how,why等引导的主语从句。如:认识他的人都信任他。(Who knows him will believe him.)本题的另一个考点是:“什么时候起飞”是一个将来时态,可以用be to来表达。

5. that the plan should be carried out immediately

解读:本题综合考查了表语从句、无主语翻译以及惯用搭配。首先,His idea is前半部分是一个完整的主谓结构,句子需填入部分在全句中充当表语;其次,“应该立即执行计划”中“计划”是被用来执行的,但是题干中并没有提到谁会来执行这个计划。因此,在主语没有出现的情况下,可以采用被动译法。“执行计划”在英语里可以用carry out the plan,perform the plan,implement the plan来表示。

最新四六级翻译题(附答案)

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【恒心】备战大学英语四六级系列-翻译突破练习(004)【李炳璋提供】

贵在坚持、难在坚持、成在坚持! 炳璋精品系列 追求卓越品质 更多精彩请关注824135830空间! 1 备战大学英语四六级系列-翻译突破练习(004) 编者:李炳璋---全国唯一一位曾经连续三年命中过高考试题中理科和文科一些试题的人,擅长高考辅导,英语四六级辅导,网络达人! 纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行。 016:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 87.I didn’t even speak to him, ___________________(更不用说与他讨论事情). 88.Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of ___________________________(或降低房价或减少销售量). 89. __________________________(尽管非常喜欢汽车). Many people appeal to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion. 90.Alex has the habit of reading a newspaper _________________________(在吃早饭的时候). 91.__________________(每当天气不好时), he takes whatever umbrella he can find. 017:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 87.He worked very hard, but ___________________(得不到父母所期盼的好成绩). 88.Look at the bread left over on the table, ___________________________(把这些事物浪费掉多可惜)! 89.Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, __________________________(但我们确实从他那里学到了很多). 90.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _________________________(求助于他们的父母) with a sense of guilt. 91.Now that you have told me a little about your past, ______________________(你不妨把全部情况都告诉我). 018:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 87.He has done so much for the poor in his community that ___________________(再怎么赞扬他都不过分). 88.The spokesman admitted that the government’s thoughtless policy had caused a crisis that ___________________________(根本就不该发生).

2016-2017年四六级翻译真题

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析:生长和储藏这两个动词在译文中并没有以动词的形式翻译,转译为英文的介词 4.应用英语的固定句型,这些句式可以加分,绝对是亮点 如:是巴斯德发现了疾病是由活着的病菌引起的。 译:It was Pasteur who discovered that diseases are caused by living germs. 析:此句应用了英文的强调句进行翻译。 5.分析上下句之间的逻辑关系,添加一些简单的连词,英文的译文会更漂亮 如:汽油贵得惊人,我们就很少用车。 译:Because the price of gasoline was fantastically high, we seldom used our cars. 析:在原文中并没有出现表示原因类的词汇,但是在译文中根据两个句子之间的逻辑关系添加了表示原因的从句连词。 更多翻译干货,敬请关注新东方在线持续推出。

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1. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back, ( 主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的). 2. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and___________________________ ( 超过250 万的家庭已经摆脱贫困). 3. __________________________________(除主席之外的所有成员都投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs. 4.The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are _____________________________________(为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇). 5. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before______________________________________ (发达国家尤为如此). 6. A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she ______________________________________ (以她坚强的毅力写出来一部部催人奋进的小说). 7. The violent tornado that struck in August last year _________________________________(已经引起全球科学家的高度重视). 8. Having returned to the village, Liu Yucui felt ______________________________(自己好比是住进了监牢里). 9. When he agrees with someone, ______________________________(英雄所见略同) is his tag. 10. It shows he ______________________________(没有真正下决心跟他的姐姐学); his mind is still confined to his own small circle. 11. They all dislike him, because ______________________________(他向他们发号施令,就好 像是对他的仆人似的). 12. All members of the labor union ______________________________(不会冒险把整个组织 交给一个二十来岁的年轻人). 13. Fortunately, ______________________________(她是这次飞机失事中唯一的幸存者). 14. Though passing away for many years, ______________________________((戴安娜王妃优 雅的举止总是留在人们的记忆中). 15. Women, by contrast, ______________________________(对家庭以及家中的各种东西怀有 更深厚的感情).

大学英语四六级翻译真题练习

201112CET6 82. You shouldn’t have run across the road without looking. You (也许会被车撞倒的). 83. By no means (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field. 84. He doesn’t appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, (把他们所做的视作理所当然). 85. Janet told me that she would rather her mother (不干涉她的婚姻). interfere in干涉interfere with 阻挠intervene intervention干预86. To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found himself (经常上网查找信息). 201106CET 82. Even though they were already late,(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色) than just go on. 83. No agreement was reached in the discussion between the two parties, as (任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场). 84. The pills (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn’t follow the doctor’s advice and take them regularly. 85. It is (你真好,给了我那么多帮助); I really feel obliged to you. 86. The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was thirty years (他们才得以重聚). 201012CET6

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