四川省遂宁市射洪县2018—2019年下学期小班期末考试 英语

射洪县高2018级第二期期末英才班能力素质监测

英语

本卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。考试时间60分钟，满分100分。考试结束后，第Ⅱ卷和机读卡一并收回。

注意事项：

1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2.请将选择题答案填涂在机读卡上，请将非选择题答案写在第Ⅱ卷上，否则不予给分。

第I卷（选择题，满分60分）

第一部分阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、和C)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Larger brain size is linked to longer life in deer.The size of female animals' brains may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy later generations,according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.

The study,published in the Royal Society Open Science,shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving later generations than those with smaller brains.Brain size is heritable and can be passed down through generations.This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer.

Across species of mammals,brain size varies widely.This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may,for example,have greater abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer life spans.But there may also be disadvantages:For instance,larger brains require more energy,so individuals that possess them may show reduced abilities to give birth to young babies.

The researchers,based at the University of Cambridge's Zoology Department and the University of Edinburgh's Institute of Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity(寿命)and

survival of individuals of the same species with different brain https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c18842658.html,ing the skulls of1,314wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum,they found that females with larger endocranial volumes(脑腔容量)lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.

Lead author Dr.Corina Logan,a Gates Cambridge scholar,says,"The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known,but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow.These predictions are generated from cross-species correlations;however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level,which is what we did."

Dr.Logan adds,"We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer,and that none of the predictions were supported in male red deer.This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs(平衡)with regard to brain size."The study also showed that females'relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males,despite evidence of selection for larger brains in females.

Professor Tim Clutton-Brock,who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in1972and started the work on brain size,points out,"The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long-term records of a large number of individuals across multiple generations and data of this kind are still rare in wild animals."

1.What does the new research on brain size reveal?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c18842658.html,rge-brain red deer tend to have more offspring.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c18842658.html,rge-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.

C.Brain size causes individual differences in some mammals.

D.Brain size has been increasing from generation to generation.

2.Why does the brain size vary widely from different species of mammals?

A.Mammals can develop different adaptive abilities.

B.A larger brain has its advantages and disadvantages.

C.Different mammals are born with different lifespans.

D.Brain size is affected by genetic or non-genetic factors.

3.What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity?

A.The cause and effect need to be further investigated.

B.Brain size absolutely determines animals'longevity.

C.Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a large size.

D.The cross-species assumptions apply to red deer of both sexes.

4.What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton-Brock's words?

A.Researchers can't possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.

B.Researchers are not patient enough to keep long-term records.

C.Such research has been thoroughly conducted on wild animals before.

D.Such research will experience great difficulty in the long-term process.

B

Look at the map of Spain and point at the center.You've located the country's capital and one of Europe's most beautiful cities:Madrid.This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites standing in the shadows of modern skyscrapers.

History

This city of over3million people is proud of its Western Europe's largest royal palace--the Royal Palace of Madrid,and some consider it to be Madrid's most beautiful building.

Inside the Royal Palace of Madrid,2,800rooms are decorated in glory with quality furniture and artworks.Tourists can tour50of these large and splendid rooms.

Art

The Internationally respected Prado Museum is one of the largest and most impressive art galleries in Spain.Opened in1819,it is filled with works of art that feature the world's most comprehensive collection of Spanish painting.

Shopping

Madrid has some of Europe's best shopping malls,and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains.And for500years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as el Rastro where they find everything from antiques to CDs.

Entertainment

No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form,flamenco.Every day,flamenco performers sing,dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.

Food

Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants,but because the Spanish typically eat late at9or10p.m.,it's difficult to find good dinner food earlier.If you get hungry before then,the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are

served.Be sure to try the jamón,a kind of dry-cured ham:Spain is famous for it.

5.What do we know about the Royal Palace of Madrid?

A.It has50rooms for visit.

B.It can hold2,800people.

C.It's been visited by3million people.

D.It is thought to be the largest royal palace in Europe.

6.What kind of market is"el Rastro"?

A.For discounts.

B.For artworks.

C.To sell various goods.

D.To sell antiques and CDs.

7.What is a must when traveling in Madrid?

A.Having dinner earlier.

B.Enjoying the flamenco.

C.Visiting the Prado Museum.

D.Drinking in a tapas bar.

C

Getting stitched(缝合)up by Dr.Robot may one day become a reality. Scientists have created a robotic system which did operations on living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings.Much like engineers are designing self-driving cars,the medical research is part of a move toward autonomous surgical robots,removing the surgeon's hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.

Doctors wouldn't leave the bedside.They're supposed to watch.Plus they'd handle the rest of the surgery.In small tests using pigs,the robotic arm performed at least as well,and in some cases a bit better,as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的)tissue."The purpose wasn't to replace surgeons,"said Dr.Kim who led the project."If you have an intelligent tool that works with a surgeon,can it improve the outcome?That's what we have done."

If you've heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system,you might think robots have already started operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer robot-assisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robot-assisted surgery has been controversial,as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.

Kim's team,the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, invented a new STAR(Smart TissueAutonomous Robot)system which worked sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide

each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn't perfect.In the operations on the living animals,the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.He hoped to begin human studies in two or three years.

8.What's the best title for the text?

A.A New Robotic System

B.A New-style Way of Stitching

C.The Newly-designed Driverless Vehicles

D.Robot Surgeons One Step Closer to Reality

9.Why are people against using robots in surgery?

A.They can be out of control.

B.They will take shorter time.

C.They may be expensive to use.

D.They are likely to cause great pain.

10.What can we infer from the text?

A.Dr.Robot can take the place of surgeons.

B.Dr.Robot will be improved.

C.Dr.Robot has been tested on human trials.

D.Dr.Robot can free doctors'hands in the operation.

第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I am an educator born to make a difference.I have spent my entire life at the11And we know why kids drop out.But one of the things that we never discuss or we12discuss is the value and importance of human13.

A colleague said to me,"They don't pay me to14the kids.They pay me to give a15."Well,I said to her,"You know,kids don't learn from people they don't like."Some think that you can either have it in you to build a16,or you don't.I have had classes that were so17that I cried.I wondered,"How am I going to18this group,in nine months,from where they are to where they need to be?It was difficult,awfully19How do I20the self-esteem(自尊) of a child and his academic achievement at the same time?"

One year I21a bright idea.I told my students,"You were22to be in my class because I am the best and you are the best."One of the students said,

"Really?"I said,"Really.We have to show the other classes how to do it.People will23us when we walk down the hall,so we can't make noise."And I gave them a saying to say:"I am24I was somebody when I came.I'll be a better somebody when I leave.I25the education that I get here.I have things to do, people to impress,and places to go."

Teaching and learning should26joy.How27would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks,who were not afraid to think,and who had a28?Every child deserves a champion.An educator should be an adult who will never29them,who understands the power of connection,and who insists that they become the30that they can possibly be.

11.A.school building B.college https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c18842658.html,munity center D.prison

12.A.frequently B.partly C.finally D.rarely

13.A.relative B.connection C.experience D.understanding

14.A.please B.satisfy C.like D.treat

15.A.lesson B.joke C.way D.class

16.A.friendship B.bridge C.gap D.relationship

17.A.excellent B.bad C.sad D.adaptable

18.A.join B.own C.take D.make

19.A.upset B.boring C.frustrated D.hard

20.A.raise B.arise C.show D.control

21.A.came out B.came to C.came up with D.came about

22.A.led B.placed C.chosen D.thrown

23.A.notice B.look C.find D.call

24.A.nothing B.somebody C.anybody D.something

25.A.reserve B.expect C.observe D.deserve

26.A.catch B.bring C.express D.indicate

27.A.powerful B.magical C.fearful D.imaginative

28.A.prize B.supporter C.teacher D.champion

29.A.put up B.depend on C.give up on D.refuse

30.A.bright B.best C.confident D.determined

射洪县高2018级第二期期末英才班能力素质监测

英语

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共40分）

注意事项：

1.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔在第Ⅱ卷答题卡上作答，不能答在此试卷上。

2.试卷中横线及框内注有“▲”的地方，是需要你在第Ⅱ卷答题卡上作答的内容或问题。

第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.The practice of drinking tea has31long history in China.Nowadays,Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves which have been processed32(use)methods inherited from ancient China.

According to popular legend,tea33(discover)by Shen Nong in2737BC. 34a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water he was boiling.Shen Nong was interested in the new liquid,35(drink)some carefully,and found it very refreshing.And so,tea is said to be created in2737BC.

Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China.The beverage(饮料)is considered one of the seven36(necessity)of Chinese life,along with firewood,rice,oil,salt,soy sauce and vinegar.Around771B.C.--476BC. Chinese tea was used37(help)treat some diseases.

Most Chinese teas are cultivated and consumed in China.Tea shops and tea houses in the street are easily found inChina.Meanwhile,they are also exported internationally due38a rise in the39(popular)of Chinese cuisine worldwide.Tea has become one of Chinese specific drinks in the world.It is40 (common)available in Chinese restaurants and grocery stores worldwide.

31.▲32.▲33.▲34.▲35.▲

36.▲37.▲38.▲39.▲40.▲

第三部分书面表达(满分：25分)

假定你是李华，你班交换生Jim将要参加“学在中国”留学生汉语演讲比赛，来信向你咨询。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1.推荐一个演讲话题；

2.说明推荐的理由；

3.建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

▲▲

▲▲

▲▲

▲▲

Yours,

Li Hua

2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3教学文稿

2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训 练3

2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3 1.peacefully adv.安静地，和平地 He died peacefully without any pain. 他安静地离开了人世，没有一点痛苦。 He was back in her arms and she could once again sleep peacefully.他回到了她的怀里，她又能睡得安稳了。[剑桥高阶] All the people in the world want to live peacefully. 全世界的人们都想过平安宁静的生活。 (1)peace n．和平，安详，平静 in peace(＝peacefully) 安心地，平安地，安静地 make peace with... 与……讲和 at peace 处于和平状态，和睦地(与at war相反) The two countries are now at peace after a 10-year war. 十年的战争之后，这两个国家目前处于和平状态。 (2)peaceful adj. 安静的，和平的，宁静的 a peaceful place/evening 宁静的地方/夜晚 品句填词： (1)The war was a great danger to world p________. (2)I decided that I would go and make p________ with her. (3)We want to settle the problem by p________ means. (4)I want my children to be brought up in a p________ world. (5)We want the problem to be settled p________. 2.deal v．处理，应付 n. ①量，数量②交易 完成句子/单项选择 ①这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。 At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties __________________________. ②他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。 He made a speech in the university, _______________. ③他很难打交道。 He is ____________________________. ④We all know that, ________， the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with ⑤我们不知道怎样处理这些废料。 We don't know ________ to do with the waste materials. ＝We don't know ________ to deal with the waste materials. ⑥对付小偷最好的办法是什么？ What's the best way of ____________________ thieves? ⑦雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。 _________________________ sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. ⑧每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。 ____________ money is spent on tobacco every year.

射洪县情概况

射洪县情概况 【地理区位】射洪县地处四川盆地中部，涪江上游，遂宁以北，东靠南充，西邻成都，南接重庆，北抵绵阳，位于成渝经济区北弧中心，属全省“一极一轴一区块”成都都市圈增长极，与成都、重庆距离都在200公里以内，幅员面积1496平方公里。 【行政区划】射洪现辖30个乡镇，其中20个镇(太和、金华、仁和、青岗、明星、洋溪、香山、大榆、广兴、潼射、涪西、陈古、凤来、金家、天仙、太乙、曹碑、沱牌、复兴、官升)，10个乡(伏河、青堤、双溪、文升、瞿河、万林、太兴、东岳、金鹤、玉太)，590个行政村、3个街道办事处(子昂、紫云、平安)、66个社区。 【人口状况】截至2014年末，全县总人口100.78万。男女人口比例为105.76：100，人口密度为676人/平方公里。人口自然出生率7.93‰、死亡率5.4‰、自然增长率2.53‰。全县农业人口71.2万，非农业人口29.6万。 【历史沿革】射洪县建置是在南北朝西魏时期，始置射江县，于北周(公元557年)改名射洪县，故称“西魏置县，北周正名”。射洪县得名源于其境内有射江(射江今称梓江，又名梓潼江)，古“江”与“洪”同音，古人将“射江”讹为“射洪”，后北周从俗，遂改为射洪。《元和郡县图志》载:(射洪)“县有梓潼水，与涪江合流，急如箭，奔射江口。蜀人谓水口曰洪，因名射洪”。今射洪县境内建立县级政权已1500多年。 【古今名人】射洪历史文化名人众多。包括：陈子昂(约659—700)，字伯玉，唐代文学家，开初唐诗坛一代诗风，其《登幽州台歌》“前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下”更是流传千古；谢东山，字阳升，号高泉，嘉靖二十年(1541年)登辛丑科进士及第，授兵部主事，后迁郎中，累官至右佥都御史，山东巡抚；孙竹篱，四川省诗书画院副院长，绵阳书画院院长，擅长中国画，其国画作品具有极高收藏价值；于渊，名光藻，号邦齐，川中著名爱国将领之一。 【自然条件】射洪气候属四川盆地亚热带湿润气候区。总体上具有气候温和、四季分明的特点。年平均日照1300.4小时，年平均辐射总量为94.09千卡/平方厘米，年平均气温17.1°C。年降雨量887.3mm,年平均蒸发量为1128.3mm。由于降雨的时空分布不均匀，加上蒸发量比较大，所以干旱是严重的自然灾害。射洪县境呈心脏形，西北高，东南低，东西最宽处46公里，南北最长处58.6公里。全县以丘陵地貌为主，丘陵地区占89.1%(其中浅丘占36.4%，中丘占17.3%，深丘占35.4%)，涪江、梓江河谷地貌占10.9%。射洪县境海拔最高点674米(金华镇武东天宝寨)，海拔最低点299米(沱牌镇涪江出口处)。射洪林业资源丰富，森林覆盖率41.51%，是全国首批造林绿化百佳县。射洪水利发达，有人民渠(长270.43千米)、前锋渠(长106.7千米)、武引渠(一期74千米，二期预计建设400千米)、螺引渠(长35千米)、天仙水轮泵站、洋溪水轮泵站等大中型水利工程控灌全境，耕地保灌率51%。 【能源状况】射洪4处拦断涪江建厂发电，已建成的金华电航(装机容量4.2万千瓦)、螺丝池电航(装机容量3.15万千瓦)、打鼓滩电航蓄水并网发电(装机容量3.6万千瓦)，柳树电航工程(装机容量4.8万千瓦)；建成沱牌热电厂，装机容量2.4万千瓦。射洪目前生活用电价0.64元/千瓦时，商业用电1.0132元/千瓦时，大工业用电0.5982元/千瓦时，非普工业用电0.7541元/千瓦时（高峰电价在平段电价基础上上浮50％，谷段电价在平段电价基础上下降50％）。射洪境内石油、天然气等资源较丰富，天然气供应充足，已成功开采天然气井21口，目前民用天然气供应价格为1.83元/立方米（宏源公司），工业用气价格为1.8—2.5元/立方米（供应公司不统一）。建成农村沼气池97000户。射洪水能资源丰富，供水充足，其中：第一级（1—20立方米）1.83元/立方米（另加污水处理费0.3元/吨），第二级（21—30立方米）2.75元/立方米，第三级（31立方米及以上）3.66元/立方米，合表用户按总表计量的1.93元/立方米，另加污水处理费0.3元/吨。非居民生活用水（行政事业用水、工业用水、经营服务用水）：每立方米2.65元（工业用水和行政事业用水另加污水处理费0.70元/立方米，经

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