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英语四级真题2017年12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析

2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension

说明：2017年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。

Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

．

Directions: In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making

your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each

item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank

more than once.

We all know there exists a greatvoid (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. "

She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.

Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . "

A)attracted B)career C)championships

D)degrees E)developing F)enroll

G)exposure H)feasible I)feeding

J)graduating K)interest L)levels

M)local N)operates0)parti cipa ted

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You

may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why aren't you curious about what happened?

A)" You suspended Ray Rice after our video, " a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League

Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场）yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.

B)The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often ,carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with

not wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity, "

said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi ,Libya.

C)The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such

accusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?

D)The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future

D ep ends on It ,insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-

overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.

E)We are suffering, he writes, from a " s erendipity deficit. "The word " serendipity" was coined by Horace

Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. " Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet ,among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.

F)Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We

wi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.

G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In

the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.

H)Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place. "

Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. "

and give me back exactly what I want. "Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "

J)Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " O ne should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment. "If only!

K)Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "

L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.

M)Although Leslie's book isnl about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences ,he warns ,in not wanting to know.

N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."

0)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is

charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.

36.To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we don't know.

37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.

38.We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.

39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.

40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.

41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.

42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.

43. V isiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.

44. B oth the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.

45. M ankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and

mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "

On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things ,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.

Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.

" I t unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects , " he said.

" R ight now ,people think of aging as natural and something you can't control , " he said. "In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.

But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. "

"It was always known that the body accumulates damage, " he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "

Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.

"There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."

46. W hat do people generally believe about aging?

A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.

C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.

47. H ow do many scientists view aging now?

A)It might be prevented and treated.

C)It results from a vitamin deficiency.B)They just cannot do anything about it. D)They can delay it with advances in science.

B)It can be as risky as heart disease.

D)It is an irreversible biological process.

48. W hat does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease" ?

A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.

B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.

C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.

D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.

49. W hat do we learn about the medical community?

A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.

B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.

C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.

D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.

50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?

A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.

B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.

C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.

D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.

As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.

"Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "

Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.

Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.

"We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.

51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?

A)There are many more men applying than women.

B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.

C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.

D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.

52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?

A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.

B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.

C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.

D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.

53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?

A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.

B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.

C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.

D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.

54.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?

A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.

B)They invited women professionals to edit them.

C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.

D)They deleted all information about gender.

55.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?

A)Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.

B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.

C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.

D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于荼树生长，是中国主要产荼地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）

【答案速在】

选词填空

26 -35 GLFOC EMNJB

长篇阅读

36 -45 HDOMB LKJGF

仔细阅读

46 -55 BADCA CCBDD

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）

【真题解析】

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

【审题分析］

审题，最重要的就是提取题目核心要点信息。然后由此，构思一下行文思路。

看到how to就是需要解决问题。对应的，就是要提建议。建议一般写两到三个。但是要注意拓展。

题目中需要解决的问题是the Relationship bet w een Doctors and Patients医患关系，近年的热点。

第一段可以写背景信息。交代医患关系很重要。

第二段，提出建议。注意提建议的功能表达。

第三段，强调主题，然后说明所提建议，对解决该间题的不可或缺的作用。

文章到此就算完整。

【参考范文］

How to Best Handle the Relationship between Doctors and Patients

Most of us, at one time or another, have expressed 范文译文

我们中的大多数人曾一度对医患关系表示不满。因此，在这种关系变得难以

dissatisfaction with the doctor-patient relationship. Thus great care 处理和具有破坏性之前，应该加以妥善should be taken to appropriately handle this relationship before it 处理。

becomes unmanageable and destructive. 首先，没有什么比医生和病人之间的First of all, nothing is more essential than clear 清晰沟通更重要了。医生应该总是让病communication between doctors and patients. Doctors should 人了解他们的意图，无论是询问、开处方、always keep patients informed of their intentions, whether asking 体检，还是做手术。病人应该让医生知道personal questions ,writing a prescription or per f orming a 他们的症状、他们对费用的担心（如果有physical examination, or procedure. And patients should let 的话）和他们对医生的期望。此外，医生doctors know their symptoms, their worries about the cost, if 必须有良好的职业道德，否则病人很难信any, and their expectations toward doctors. Furthermore, it is 任他们。最后，要进一步完善朕疗休系，imperative that doctors have good professional ethics, without 减少医患矛盾。

which patients may find it hard to trust them. Lastly, the health 总之，为了更好地处理医患关系，医care system should be further improved to reduce the conflicts 患之间的沟通是最重要的，医生的良好职

between doctors and patients.

In a word, to best handle the doctor-patient relationship, clear communication between doctors and patients is paramount, good professional ethics on the part of doctors play an important role and the hea th care system of the government provides policy support. 业道德发挥着重要作用，政府的医疗体系提供政策支持。

【亮点词汇］

app ropri ately 适当的；合适的；恰当的

unmanageable 难管理的；难操纵的

inform 通知；告知

prescription 处方；药方

procedure 治疗；手术

symptom 症状

imperative 极重要的；必要的；紧急的

professional ethics 职业道德

con扣ct争执；争论；分歧

paramount 最重要的；首要的

appropriately **女女女

A DJ-G RA DED能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词适当的；合适的；恰当的S omething that is appropriate is suitable or acceptable for a particular situation.

unmanageable ** 1:c 1:c 1:c

A DJ-G RA D E D能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词难管理的；难操纵的I f you describe something as unmanageable, you mean that it is difficult to use, deal with, or control.

inform*****

V ER B动词通知；告知If you inform someone of something, you tell them about it.

prescription ** *女女

N-COUNT可数名词处方；药方A prescription is the piece of paper on which your doctor writes an order for medicine and which you give to a chemist or pharmacist to get the medicine.

procedure **女女古

N-COUNT可数名词治疗；手术a medical treatment or operation

symptom*****

N-COUNT可数名词症状A symptom of an illness is something wrong with your body or mind that is a sign of the illness.

im perative ** -r:. -r:. -r:.

A DJ-G RA D E D能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词极重要的；必要的；紧急的I f it is imperative that something is done, that thing is extremely important and must be done.

professional ethics **女女女

PH RA S E短语职业道德moral beliefs and rulesrelating to a person's job

conflict *****

N-UNCOUNT不可数名词争执；争论；分歧C onflict is serious disagreement and argument about something

important. If two people or groups are in conflict, they have had a serious disagreement or argument and have not yet reached agreement.

paramount * **女女

ADJ形容词最重要的；首要的Something that is paramount or of paramount importance is more important than anything else.

【经典表达］

*Thus great car e should be taken to appropriately handle this relationship before it becomes unmanageable and dest r uctive. 因此，在这种关系变得难以处理和具有破坏性之前，应该加以妥善处理。

*First of all, nothing is more essential than clear communication between doctors and patients. 首先，没有什么比医生和病人之间的清晰沟通更重要了。

*Furthermore, it is imperative that doctors have good professional ethics, wi th out which patients may find it hard to tru st th em. 此外，医生必须有良好的职业道德，否则病人很难信任他们。

*In a word, to best handle the doctor-patient relationship, clear communication between doctors and patients is paramount, good professional ethics on the part of doctors play an important role and the health care system of the government provides poli cy support. 总之，为了更好地处理医患关系，医患之间的沟通是最重要的，医生的良好职业道德发挥着重要作用，政府的医疗体系提供政策支持。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) 冈罚臂喟卜｀

【原文（译）】

We all know there exists a great void (空白）in the public educational system when it comes to (26) to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all (27) of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to (28) my own kids in. "

众所周知，在公共教育体系中，当涉及(26)画怼科学、技术、工程学和数学(ST E M)课程时存在一个巨大的空白。一位名叫多丽·罗伯茨的教育家决心着手改变这一体系。多丽教授高中工程学已经有11年了。她注意到，在公共教育体系的所有(27)级别当中，高质械的STEM教育确实存在空白。她说：＂我注意到，没有我可以给自己的孩子(28)盓脏的数学、科学和工程学课程，千是我创办了儿童工程(EFK)。”

She decided to start an afterschool program where children (29) in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state (30) , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and (31) it. The global business EFK was born.

她决定创办一个校外课程，使孩子们能够(29)叁加以STEM为基础的竞赛。这个社团的发展速度很快，当成员达到180名时，参加课程的儿童已经赢得了几项州(30)冠巠壅，她于是决定将所有时间用千培养和(31)发展这一课程。全球业务因此诞生。

D or i began o p erating EFK out of her V i rg i n i a home, wh ich she then expanded to (32) re c reation c enters. T oday, the EFK p rogram (33) over 144 bran c hes in 32 states within the United States and in 21 c oun tries. S a les have doubled from $ 5 million in 2014 to $ 10 milli on in 2015, with 25 new bran ches pl anned for 2016. T he EF K website states, "Our nation is not (34) enough engineers. Our p h ilosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great (35) . "

多丽运营EF K的地点不再是她位于弗吉尼亚州的家，随后扩展到(32)当地的休闲中心。现在，EFK课程在美国国内32个州以及21个国家的超过144个分支机构(33)运营。2014年500万美元的销售额翻了一番，于2015年达到1000万美元，且2016年计划新设分支机构25个。EFK的网站上写道：＂我们国家(34)毕业的工程师不够。我们的理念是激励儿窟从小就明白，工程是一份优秀的(35)职业。”

26.G) exposure。名词辨析

【语法分析】空前的when it comes to和空后的介词to提示，本空应填名词或动名词，且该词应与to搭配，符合这一条件的有G)exposure和K)interest。

【语意分析】exposure to为固定搭配意为“接触，休验，面对“，复合语义，故答案为G)。K)interest (兴趣，爱好）为强干扰项，interest to ... 意为“对……的兴趣，对……的爱好”，但是根据第一段最后一旬中的a rea l l a c k of math, scien c e and engineering p rograms to (28) my own kids in可以排除，因为“存在空白”的是STEM课程本身，而不是对STEM课程的兴趣存在空自。B)c ar eer(职业，事业，生涯），C)c hampionships （锦标赛，冠军赛），D)degrees(等级，程度；学位），L)levels(级别，等级，水平）和M)l o c a l(<常去的＞临近小酒馆，本地酒吧）均无法满足搭配要求，也与语义不符，故排除。

27.L) leve l s。名词辨析

【语法分析】空前的形容词a ll和空后的介词of提示，本空应填复数名词，故C)c ham pionships ,D) degrees 和L)levels入选。

【语意分析】前一旬提到，多丽教授高中工程学(high s c hoo l engineering) , 本旬顺承上一旬的意思，将该课程的教授扩展到所有的级别，以强调STEM教育的缺失，故本空所填词应含有”级别”之意，与high school 照应，因此，答案为L)levels(级别，等级，水平）。C)c hampionships (锦标赛，冠军赛）与语义不符，故排除。

D)degrees(等级，程度；学位）为强干扰项，但强调的是程度，故排除。

28.F) enroll。动词辨析

【语法分析】空前的a ft er noticing…to提示，在此的to为动词不定式小品词，故本空应填动词原形，F) enro ll和K)interest入选。

【语意分析】空前的math,scien c e and engineering programs为课程，应是注册（学习），故答案为F)enro ll。

enroll sb. i n为固定搭配，意为“给某人注册（学习）；招收某人（入学）”。K)i nter est (使感兴趣，引起……关注；劝诱，劝说）也可与i n连用，构成interest sb. in sth. 搭配，但表示“劝诱，劝说（某人买某物或做某事），与语义不符，故排除。”。

29.0) partic ip ated。动词辨析

【语法分析】where…c ompetitions为定语从旬，其中，c hildren为主语，i n STEM-based c ompetitions为方式状语，缺少谓语。主旬谓语decided提示，本空应填动词的过去式，故A)at tr a cted和0)participated入选。

【语意分析】空后的介词in提示，本空只能填不及物动词，故0)participated (参加，参与）为答案。

particip ate in为固定搭配，意为“参加或参与某项活动”。A)at tr a c ted (吸引，引起……的注意）为及物动词，不与i n搭配使用，故排除。

30.C) c hamp ionshi ps。名词辨析

【语法分析】空前的形容词several提示，本空应填复数名词，故C)championships和D)degrees入选。

【语意分析】前一句提到孩子们能够参加以S E M为基础的竞赛(competitions), 该句指出了孩子们取得的成果，C)championships (锦标赛，冠军赛）与competitions呼应，构成同一语义场，故为答案。D)degrees(等级程度；学位）与语义不符，故排除。

31. E) d eve lopin g。动词辨析

【语法分析】空前的to cultivating and提示，本空应填动名词，与cultivating并列，故E)developing ,I) fe eding和J)graduating入选。

【语意分析】空后的it代指的是afterschool program, 故只有E)developing (<使＞发展＜使＞发达；开发）顺承了cultivating的动作在逻辑上也是合理的，故为答案。I)fe eding(喂＜养＞饲＜养＞为……提供食物）用表示人或动物的名词作宾语；J) gradu a ting (<使＞毕业）用表示人的名词作宾语。故排除。

32. M)l ocal。形容词辨析

【语法分析】空前的expanded to和空后的名词短语recreation centers提示，本空应填形容词，故H)fe asible 和M)local入选。

【语意分析】本句用非限制性定语从句说明EF K业务的扩展。从主句的out of her V江ginia home可以推断出多丽把运营EF K的业务范围扩展到当地的休闲中心。M)local (当地的，本地的）符合语义，故为答案）。H)fe asi b le (可行的，可能的，可用的）与语义不符，故排除。

33.N) o pera tes。动词辨析

【语法分析】空前的the EF K program为主语空后的over…countries为状语，句子缺少谓语动词。时间状语today提示，所填动词应为第三人称单数形式备选的动词第三人称单数中只剩下N)opera t es ,故为答案。

【语意分析】本旬说明了EF K课程的规模即在美国国内32个州以及21个国家的超过144个分支机构运营。

34.J) grad uating。动词辨析

【语法分析】空前的助动词is和空后的名词engineers提示，本空应填现在分词，故I)feeding和J) graduating入选。由宾语engineers可知，这是一份职业，与之连用的动词只能是J)gradu a ting (<使＞毕业）故为答案）。I)fe eding(喂＜养＞饲＜养＞为……提供食物）与语义不符故排除。

35. B)c aree r。名词辨析

【语法分析】空前的a great提示，本空应填单数名词，故B)career和K)interest入选。上旬提到我们国家毕业的工程师(engineers)不够。

【语意分析】本旬与上句呼应，很显然engineering应该是一份职业(c ar eer), 而不是一种兴趣或爱好(interest) , 故答案为B)car e er(职业，事业，生涯）。K)interest(兴趣，爱好）与语义不符，故排除。

仁开吓干11:1

［原文（译）】

你为什么对发生的事情不好奇？

A)" Y ou suspended R ay R ice a ft er our video, " a reporter fr om M Z challenged N ational ootball L eague

A)"你在我们的视频曝光之后暂停了雷·赖斯的比赛权。”前几天，一位来自三十英里区域(T MZ)网站的记者

对职业橄榄球大联盟总裁罗杰·古德尔提出了质疑，“你们为什么不好奇，然后自己去一趟赌场呢？”这个问题是在暗示，一位更具好奇心的总裁会有办法搞到那份录像带。

B) (40) The accusation of incuriosit is one that we hear often c in the su estion that there is somethin

wron with not wantin to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a Ion time about the curious lack of curiosi , " said a Democratic member of the New Jerse le islature back in Jul , referrin to an insufficient!

in uirin attitude on the art of an assistant to New Jerse Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard uestions about the Geor e Washin on Brid e traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what ha ened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this ear, referrin to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.

B) (40)关于不好奇的指控是我们时常听到的，这一指控是在暗示，不想找到真相是有问题的。“缺乏好奇心

这一点巳经困扰我好久了。“新泽西州立法机构的一位民主党人在七月时说道，他指的是新泽西州州长克里斯·克里斯蒂的一名助理的问询态度不足，他在处理乔治·华盛顿大桥的交通丑闻时选择不询问让人难以回答的问题。“主流媒休难道不是对发生了什么事情最不好奇吗？＂保守派作家詹尼弗·鲁宾今年早些时候这样写道，她指的是对生活在利比亚班加西的美国人的袭击事件。

C) T he implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such

accusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?

C)每个例子都在暗示，好奇心是个好东西，而缺乏好奇心是个问题。这些指控是不是仅仅被用来为每个人的

党派获得政治分数呢？还是说好奇心包含什么或是好奇心本身具备什么特别的价值？

D) T he journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future

Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. (37) L eslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue crucial to our success and that we are losm 1t.

D)一位名叫伊恩·莱斯利的记者在他令人愉快的新书《好奇：求知欲以及你的未来为什么取决于此》中坚持

认为，上面最后一个问题的答案是肯定的。(37)莱斯利认为好奇心是颇受忽视的人类品质它对我们获得成功至关重要而我们在丧失的正是这一品质。

E) W e are suffering ,he writes ,from a " s erendipity deficit. " The word " s erendipity "was coined by Horace

E)他写道，我们现在出现了“机缘凑巧赤字”。“机缘凑巧”一词是贺拉斯·沃波尔在1854年的一封信中创造

出来的，来源于一个关于三位王子的故事，他们“总是能偶然发现那些他们并没有在寻找的东西”。莱斯利担心，随着互联网的崛起以及其他社会和技术变革的发生，我们对没有目标的冒险的欲望降低了。我们不再愿意让自己在知识的田野里倘祥，随时准备好遇到惊喜。反之，我们只去查找想要的信息。

F) Why is this a problem? (45) Because without curiosit we will lose the s irit of i nnovation and entre reneurshi .

We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.

F)这为什么是个问题呢?(45)因为如果没有了好奇心我们将失去创新和创业的精神。我们将眼看着缺乏

想象力的政府和垂死的企业做出灾难性的决定。我们将会失去让人类成为如此成功的一个物种的关键部分。

G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. (44)

In the U. S. and Euro e ,for exam le , the rise of the Internet has led to a declinin cons u m tion of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. (44) The decline in interest in literar fiction is also one of the causes identified b Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.

G)莱斯利给出了相当多的证据，以证明整个社会正在变得越来越没有好奇心这一观点。(44)例如在美国和

欧洲，互联网的兴起导致在读者界限之外的新闻消费减少。但不是所有事都要怪罪到技术头上。(44)对文学小说的兴趣降低也是莱斯利查明的原因之一。他表示，阅读文学小说让我们更有好奇心。

H) (36) Moreover, in order to be curious, " ou have to be aware of a a in our know l ed e in the first lace. "

uestlons have def1m te answers.

H) (36)此外，为了变得更有好奇心，“首先你必须意识到你在知识上的空自”。莱斯利声称，大多数人没有意

识到有多少东西是我们不知道的，尽管他描述的范围可能有点大了，但他确实正确地指出，这一问题正日益严重：＂谷歌可能给我们造成强大的错觉，即所有问题都有明确的答案。”

I) Indeed , Google ,for which Leslie expresses admiration , is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want. " Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "

I)的确，尽管莱斯利对谷歌表示赞赏，但是谷歌也常常成为他的替罪羊。他引用了谷歌联合创始人拉里·佩

奇的话，大意是“完美的搜索引擎“将“准确地理解我的意思，并准确地给我想要的东西”。在书中的其他地方，莱斯利写道：＂谷歌的目的是把你从对好奇的渴求中完全解救出来。”

J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. (43) To walk the rounds of the booksho s, di in in as curiosit dictates ,should be an afternoon's entertainment. " If only!

J)伴随些许怀旧的意味，他引用了约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯对书店著名的赞赏之词：”进入书店的时候应该是模糊的，就像在梦里一样，然后让里面的书自由地吸引和影响你的目光。(43)在书店里转上儿圈任凭好奇心的支配沉浸其中，应是下午时光当有的娱乐。“要是这样就好了！

K) (42) Citin the work of s cholo ists and co nitive认知的scientists Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity , he argues , is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity

is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "

K)(42)莱斯利引用了心理学家和认知科学家的成果，对学术成功来源于智力天赋和勤奋努力的结合这一公认的智慧加以批评。他认为，好奇心是第三个关键要素，而且难以保持。如果不加以培养，好奇心就不会继续存在：＂滋年时期的好奇心是儿童与成人合作的结果。抹杀好奇心最可靠的办法就是不去管它。”

L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. (41) That lack of curiosit roduces a relative lack of knowled e, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.

L)他警告称，学校教育采用的方式往往使儿童变得没有好奇心。如果父母是受过良好教育的上中产阶级，那么他们的孩子会更具好奇心，即便是在很小的时候，也比来自工人阶级和下层阶级家庭的孩子更加好奇。

(41)好奇心的缺乏导致知识的相对缺乏，而知识的缺乏在日后很难弥补，前提是如果还有可能弥补的话。

M) Although Leslie's book isn't about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. (39) Political leaders, like leaders of other or anizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments.

(39) There are serious conse uences ,he warns, in not wantin to know.

M)虽然莱斯利的书并非关于政治，但是他没有完全避开这一问题。(39)政治领袖和其他组织的领导人一样，应当具有好奇心。他们应当在关键的时刻提出问题。(39)他警告称，如果他们不想去探究，将会导致严重的后果。

N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."

N)他以乔治·W.布什政府为例，他们没能为入侵伊拉克的后果做好适当的准备。有人嘲笑前国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德2002年关于我们必须留神“未知的未知”的言论，莱斯利认为他们错了。莱斯利写道，拉姆斯菲尔德的观点”并非荒谬而是智慧的＂。他补充道，“悲剧的是，他没有遵循自己的意见。”

0) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is

charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. (38) We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we fi nd out is something we didn't particularly want to know.

O)这些都将我们带回古德尔，克里斯蒂的案例以及班加西的事件。在这些事例当中，每位评论员都以不同的方式谴责当局的某些人故意不抱有好奇心。我将这一问题留给读者，让读者根据其政治偏好，决定哪些谴责应当成立。但是，我们在满足有关对方弱点的好奇心以及坚决保持对自己的弱点不好奇等情况下应当小心谨慎。即便我们发现了一些并非特别想要知道的事情，(38)我们应当在为了知识而追求知识时感到快乐。

36.To be curious, we need to realize fast of all that there are many things we don't know.

【译文】想要具备好奇心，我们首先需要意识到有很多东西是我们不知道的。

【定位】根据题目中的to be curious和fi rst将本题出处定位于H)段。

【详解】H)。H)段笫1句提到，此外，为了变得更有好奇心，“首先你必须意识到你在知识上的空白”。由此可知，想要具备好奇心，我们首先需要意识到有很多东西是我们不知道的。题目是对笫1句信

息的同义转述，其中的need to对应该句中的have to ; realize对应be aware of; first of all对应in the

first place; many things we don't know对应a gap in your knowledge。

37.According to L eslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.

【译文】莱斯利认为，好奇心对于一个人的成功至关蜇要。

【定位】根据题目中的L eslie, curiosity和to one's success将本题出处定位于D)段。

【详解】D)。D)段笫2句提到，莱斯利认为，好奇心是颇受忽视的人类品质，它对我们获得成功而言至关重要，而我们在丧失的正是这一品质。由此可知，莱斯利认为好奇心对于一个人的成功而言至关

重要。题目是对第2句信息的同义转述，其中的essential对应该句中的crucial。

38.We should fe el happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.

【译文】我们应当在为了知识而追求知识时感到快乐。

【定位】根据题目中的should, pursue k now l edge for和sa k e将本题出处定位于O)段。

【详解】O)。O)段最后一句提到，……我们应当为了追求知识本身而感到快乐。题目是对最后一句信息的同义转述，其中的feel happy对应该句中的delighted;for know l edge's sake对应for its own sake。

39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.

【译文】政治领袖好奇心的缺失会导致严蜇后果。

【定位】根据题目中的political leaders', curiosity和consequences将本题出处定位于M)段。

【详解】M)。M)段笫2句提到，政治领袖和其他组织的领导人一样，应当具有好奇心。最后一句提到，他警告称，如果他们不想去探究，将会导致严重的后果。由此可知，政治领袖如果缺乏好奇心，将会

导致严重的后果。题目是对这两句话的同义转述，其中的lack of curiosity对应笫4句中的not

wanting to know; bad对应serious。

40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.

【译文】常有关于政客和媒体缺乏探求真相的好奇心的指责。

【定位】根据题目中的often accusations ,media's和out the tr uth将本题出处定位于B)段。

【详解】B)。B)段笫1句提到，关于不好奇的指控是我们时常听到的，这一指控是在暗示，不想找到真相是有问题的。第2句提到，＂缺乏好奇心这一点已经困扰我好久了。“新泽西州立法机构的一位民

主党人在七月时说道，他指的是新泽西州州长克里斯？克里斯蒂的一名助理的问询态度不足，他

在处理乔治？华盛顿大桥的交通丑闻时选择不询问让人难以回答的问题。由此可知，第2句说的

是政客缺乏探求真相的好奇心。第3句提到，“主流媒体难道不是对发生了什么事情最不好奇

吗？＂保守派作家詹尼弗？鲁宾今年早些时候这样写道，她指的是对生活在利比亚班加西的美国人

的袭击事件。由此可知，第3句说的是媒体缺乏探求真相的好奇心。综合这3句话可知，政客和

媒体经常被指责缺乏探求真相的好奇心。题目是对B)段信息的概括，其中的lack of curiosity和

find分别对应笫1句中的incuriosity和search; politicians'lack of curiosity to find out the truth对应笫

2句；the media's lack of curiosity to find out the tru th对应笫3句。

41.The less curious a child is, the less k nowledge the child may turn out to have.

【译文】孩子的好奇心越少，最后获得的知识可能就越少。

【定位】根据题目中的curious和k nowledge将本题出处定位于L)段。

【详解】L)。L)段最后一句提到，好奇心的缺乏导致知识的相对缺乏……。由此可推断，孩子的好奇心越少，最后荻得的知识可能就越少。题目是对笫l句信息的合理推断。

42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.

【译文】人们普遍认为，学术成就在于才智和勤奋。

【定位】根据题目中的academic和intelligence将本题出处定位于K)段。

【详解】K)。K)段笫l句提到，莱斯利引用了心理学家和认知科学家的成果，对学术成功来源于智力天赋和勤奋努力的结合这一公认的智慧加以批评。由此可知，人们普遍认为，学术成就在于才智和勤

奋。题目是对笫l句信息的同义转述，其中的widely accepted对应the received wisdom;

accomplishment对应success; lies in对应is the result of; intelligence对应intellectual talent ; diligence

对应hard work。

43.Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.

【译文】跟随好奇心的指引造访书店可以作为一种自娱自乐的好方法。

【定位】根据题目中的bo o kshop as curiosity和entertain将本题出处定位于J)段。

【详解】J)。J)段笫2句提到，在书店里转上几圈，任凭好奇心的支配沉浸其中，应是下午时光当有的娱乐。由此可知，跟随好奇心的指引造访书店可以作为一种自娱自乐的好方法。题目是对笫2句信

息的同义转述，其中的visiting a bookshop对应该句中的to walk the rounds of the bookshops ; leads

对应dictates;a good way to entertain ourselves对应should be an…entertainment。

44.Both the rise of the Intern e t and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.

【译文l互联网的崛起和对文学小说兴趣的减少导致人们的好奇心降低。

【定位】根据题目中的the rise of the Inte rn et ,l i terary fiction和declining将本题出处定位于G)段。

【详解】G)。G)段笫2句提到，例如在美国和欧洲，互联网的兴起导致在读者界限之外的新闻消费减少。

第4句提到，对文学小说的兴趣降低也是莱斯利查明的原因。由此可知，互联网的兴起和对文学

小说的兴趣的降低导致人们的好奇心降低。题目是对笫2、4句信息的同义转述，其中的co n tribute

to既对应笫2句中的led to, 也对应笫4句中的causes; re duced appetite for对应笫4句中的decline

in interest in。

45.Mankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.

【译文）如果没有好奇心，人类就不会如此富有创新精神。

【定位】根据题目中的innov a tive without curiosity将本题出处定位于F)段。

【详解】F)。F)段笫2句提到，因为，如果没有了好奇心，我们将失去创新和创业的精神。由此可知，如果没有好奇心，人类就不会富有创新精神。题目是对第2句信息的同义转述，其中的mankind

wouldn't be对应该句中的we will lose the spirit of。

仁开罚厅｀｀＇

Passage One

［原文（译）】

(46)A in ha ens to all of us and is enerall thou ht of as a natural art of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "

(46)老龄化在我们所有人身上都会发生，人们普遍认为它是生命历程的一个自然组成部分。如果把老龄化称为“疾病”似乎是愚蠢的。

(47)On the other hand scientists are increasin 1 learnin that a in and biolo ical a e are two different thin s, and that the former is a ke risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and man more. In that li ht a in itself mi ht be seen as somethin treatable the wa ou would treat hi h blood ressure or a vitamin deficiency.

(47)另一方面科学家们越来越了解到老龄化和生物学年龄是两码事老龄化是诸如心脏病和癌症等多种状况的关键风险因素。因此，老龄化本身或许被视为可治愈，就像治疗高血压或维生素缺乏那样。

(48)Bio h sicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that a in should be considered a disease. He said that describin

a in as a disease creates incentives to develo treatments.

(48)生物物理学家亚历克斯·扎沃洛科夫认为，老龄化应当被视为一种疾病。他表示，将老龄化描述为一种疾病是为开发治疗方法创造动力。

(48)" I t unties the hands of the harmaceutical (制药的）indust so that the can be in treatin the disease and not just the side effects ,"he said.

(48)"这样一来，就解放了制药行业的双手，以便它们可以开始治疗老龄化这一疾病，而不仅仅是其副作用，“他说。

"Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control," he said. "In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. (49) The medical communit also takes a in for ranted ,and can do nothin about it exce t kee eo le within a certain health range."

“目前，人们认为老龄化是自然的，不是人能控制得住的。”他说，“在学术界，人们只是将老龄化研究视为一个兴趣领域，他们可以在这一领域内尝试开发某些干预措施。(49)医学界也把老龄化视为理所当然，他们能做的只是让人保持在某种特定的健康范围内而已。”

But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. "

但是，如果承认老龄化是一种疾病，他表示，“这将吸引资金，并改变我们对卫生保健的看法。重要的是要理解老龄化是能治愈的。”

"It was always known that the body accumulates damage, "he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "

“一直以来，我们都知道身体会积累损伤。”他补充道，“因此，治愈老龄化唯一的办法就是找到修复损伤的方法。我将它视为处理与年龄相关的状况的预防性药物。”

(50)Leonard Ha flick, a rofessor at the Universit of California, San Francisco, said the idea that a in can be cured im lies the human lifes an can be increased, which some researchers su est is ossible. Ha flick is not among them.

(50)伦纳德·海弗利克是旧金山加利福尼亚大学的一位教授他说老龄化能够被治愈这一观点意味着人类寿命能够被延长并且一些研究者表示这是可能的。而海弗利克不在这些研究者行列内。

"There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. B ut they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years. "

“有许多人在患上癌症、中风或心脏病之后康复过来。但是他们依然会老龄化，因为老龄化与疾病是分开的。“海弗利克说，”即使消除了导致死亡的原因，预期寿命仍然不会比92岁长多少。”

46.What do people generally believe about aging?

关于老龄化，人们普遍的看法是什么？

A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.

B)They just cannot do anything about it.

C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.

D)They can delay it with advances in science.

【答案】B

【定位】根据题干中的generally和aging将本题出处定位于第1段第1旬。

【详解】笫l段笫l句提到，老龄化在我们所有人身上都会发生，人们普遍认为它是生命历程的一个自然组成部分。由此可知，人们对于老龄化无能为力，故答案为B)。第5段笫l句中的people think of

aging as natural and somet hing you can't cont rol进一步证实本题答案为B)。

【干扰项】文中未提及老龄化是否应该带来恐慌，故A)"它不应造成任何恐慌“属于无中生有，故排除；文中第1段第2旬提到，把老龄化称为“疾病”似乎是愚蠢的，C)"它应当被视为一种疾病”的说法

与本旬不符，故排除；D)"随着科学的进步，他们能够延缓它“是下文中提到的科学家们的观点，

与题干要求不符，故排除。

47.How do many scientists view aging now?

关于老龄化，人们普遍的看法是什么？

A)It might be prevented and treated.

B)It can be as risky as heart disease.

C)It results from a vitamin de fi ciency.

D)It is an irreversible biological process.

【答案】A

【定位】根据题干中的scientists和aging将本题出处定位于第2段。

【详解】笫2段笫1、2句提到，科学家们越来越了解到，老龄化和生物学年龄是两码事，老龄化是诸如心脏病和癌症等多种状况的关键凤险因素。因此，老龄化本身或许被视为可治疗，就像治疗高血压或

维生素缺乏那样，故答案为A)。

【干扰项】B)"它可能像心脏病一样危险”是依据第2段第1旬的第2个简单旬设置的千扰项，该简单旬并不是说老龄化和心脏病一样危险，而是说老龄化是导致心脏病的一个关键风险因素，故排除；C)

“它由维生素缺乏引起”是依据第2段第2旬后半部分设置的千扰项，a vitamin de fi ciency是为

了举例说明老龄化就像维生素缺乏那样是一种可治愈的疾病，而不是说维生素缺乏导致老龄

化，故排除；D)"它是一个不可逆转的生物过程”与人们普遍的观点相符，但是与科学家们的观

点相悖，也排除。

48.What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of " d escribing aging as a disease" ?

亚历克斯·扎沃洛科夫对“将老龄化描述为一种疾病”有何看法？

A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.

B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.

C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.

D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.

【答案】D

【定位】根据题干中的Alex Zhavoronkov和describing aging as a disease将本题出处定位于第3段。

【详解】笫3段提到，生物物理学家亚历克斯？扎沃洛科夫认为老龄化应当被视为一种疾病。他表示将老龄化描述为一种疾病是为开发治疗方法创造动力。笫4段接着提到，这样一来，就解放了制药

行业的双手以便它们可以开始治疗老龄化这一疾病……。由此可知，答案为D)。

【干扰项】文中未提及人们更加严肃地看待老龄化问题A)"这将促使人们更加认真地看待老龄化”属于尤中生有，故排除；第4段提到，将老龄化描述为一种疾病可以解放制药行业的双手，以便它们

可以开始治疗老龄化这一疾病，而不仅仅是其副作用。因此，亚历克斯？扎沃洛科夫并不是说

将老龄化描述为一种疾病有助于减轻老龄化的副作用，故排除B)"这将非常有助于减少老龄化

的副作用";C)"这将把药剂师从有关老龄化的传统看法中解放出来”在文中未提及故排除。

49.What do we learn about the medical community?

关于医疗界，我们了解到什么信息？

A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.

B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.

C) They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.

D) They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.

【答案】C

【定位】根据题干中的the medical community将本题出处定位于第5段最后一旬。

【详解】笫5段最后一句提到，医学界也把老龄化视为理所当然，他们能做的只是让人保持在某种特定的健康范围内而已。由此可知，医学界仅在一定程度上能够促进人们的健康。C)是最后一句信息的

同义转述其中的can contribute to people's health only to a 1血ited extent对应该句中的keep people

within a certain health range。

【干扰项】A)"他们现在对老龄化的研究非常感兴趣“属于张冠李戴，是依据第5段第2旬设置的干扰项，是学术界对老龄化的看法，不是本题要求的医学界的看法，故排除；第5段最后一旬中的also提

示，学术界和医学界对老龄化的看法相似，故排除B)"他们对老龄化的看法与学术界的不同";

D)"他们有办法干预人们的老龄化进程”也属于张冠李戴，是依据第五段第2旬中的

interventions一词设置的干扰项。该旬说的是学术界认为他们可以尝试开发某些干预老龄化的

措施，而不是区学界巳经找到了干预老龄化的方法，故排除D)。

50.What does P ro fe ssor L eonard Hay fl ick believe?

伦纳德·海弗利克怎么认为的？

A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.

B) A ging is hardly separable from disease.

C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.

D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.

【答案】A

【定位】根据题干中的P ro fe ssor L eonard Hayflick将本题出处定位于倒数第2段。

【详解】倒数笫2段提到，伦纳德？海弗利克教授认为，老龄化能够被治愈这一观点意味着人类寿命能够被延长，并且一些研究者表示这是可能的。而海弗利克不在这些研究者行列内。由此可知，伦纳

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2011年12月英语四级真题及答案

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2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgement. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot. D) He drove the bees away from his car.

2017年12英语四级真题及答案

Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news the end of each news report,you will hear two or three the news report and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A)By taking pictures for passers-by. C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital. D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick. D)They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(2+答案)

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part I Writing（30 minutes） Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension（30 minutes） Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) From the wanted column. C) From a telephone directory. B) From some of her friends. D) From a television commercial. 10. A) She received full-time education abroad. C) She finished her secondary school. B) She graduated from an open university. D) She studied in a vocational college. 11. A) She is a shorthand-typist. C) She is a policewoman. B) She works as a tour guide. D) She teaches an evening class. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) It provides him with career opportunities. C) It has been off and on for ten years. B) It helps enlarge his customer network. D) It was interrupted for four years. 13. A) Individualized service. C) Home-made beer. B) Traditional setting. D) Social games. 14. A) The quality of beer. C) The owner's attitude. B) The atmosphere. D) The right location. 15. A) It is a rather tough job．C) It helps old people kill time. B) It is a profitable business. D) It makes retirees feel useful. Section B Directions:In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A )，B)，C) and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) It is becoming increasingly popular. C) It gives rise to serious social instability. B) It helps the user to escape reality. D) It hurts a person and those around them. 17. A) They use drugs just for fun. C) They use drugs as medicine. B) They take drugs to get high. D) They keep drug use a secret. 18. A) It is quite common in entertainment circles. B) It is the cause of various social problems. C) It is hard to get rid of. D) It is fatal to the user. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) Taking up exercises after recovery. C) Finding new ways to cure heart disease. B) Producing tasty healthy frozen food. D) Going on a diet upon leaving the hospital. 20. A) It was carefully tested with consumers. C) It was disapproved by many diet experts. B) It was promoted by health organizations. D) It was highly expected by the general public. 21. A) Competitive price. C) Vigorous promotion. B) Low expectations. D) Unique ingredients. 22. A) It was suggested by the firm's vice-president.

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best --- 28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient We’ve 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when