河海大学研究生英语教程第五版U1-U20重点课文中英文对照名师制作优质教学资料

Unit 1

Ghosts for Tea

1 “Ten pence for a view over the bay”, said the old man with the telescope.“Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935. ”“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。”

2 Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。

3 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着（拍打着）的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。

4“Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper. ” “I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place” I suggested. “It's no legend, declared the old man. My father knew the two men involved. It all took place fifty years ago today. Let me tell you. ”您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。一切都发生在50年前的今天。让我说给您听听吧。”

5 His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic. 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。

6 “For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms”, he began, “with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working there. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarreled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honor. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologized to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentment and bitterness remained. And it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be.” “整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管不用说，但两人的朋友们根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。”

7 “Fifty years ago to-night, no light appeared in the tower, and only at two o'clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again. The next morning the light was still visible. The storm had almost blown itself out, so a relief boat set out to investigate.

A grim discovery awaited the crew. The men's living-room was in a horrifying state. The table was over-turned: a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere: bloodstains splashed the floor. The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discovered Martin's body, crouched beside the burning lamp. He had been stabbed and was dead. Two days later, Blake's body was washed up. scratched, bruised, and terribly injured.”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。营救人员爬上旋梯来到灯塔间，在那儿发现了马丁的尸体蜷缩在仍然亮着的灯旁。他是被捅死的。两天后，布莱克的尸体被潮水冲了上来，他身上划破多处，浑身青肿，伤得不轻。

8 “Only then could we really start guessing what had happened. This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel. Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation, Martin and Blake must have started to play cards. Again suspecting cheating, Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty; a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife. In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion, who had fallen mortally wounded. Then, appalled by what he had done, the loneliness, the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea had claimed him. “我们只是在那时才猜测究竟发生了什么事。这场大悲剧只是由于他们俩再次争吵而引起的。他们准是因为与世隔绝而内心焦躁，于是开始玩牌。马丁又怀疑布莱克耍赖，指责这位原先的朋友不老实。接着一场格斗发生了，布莱克一把拿起刀子，在一阵狂怒之下向他的伙伴刺去，马丁受了致命伤而倒下。布莱克被自己的行为惊呆了。他受不了这里的孤独寂寞以及风浪的拍击声，于是狂奔到栏杆边纵身跳向下面的岩石。接着大海吞噬了他。

9 “But Martin was still alive. Hours later, after darkness had fallen, he had recovered consciousness. He remembered his job of lighting the lamp; suffering intense pain, the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase, dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern. At his last gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing. “但当时马丁还活着。过了几小时，也就是在天色暗下来以后，他苏醒过来，想起了自己点灯的职责。于是，可怜的马丁忍着剧痛，慢慢地爬上旋梯，一步一步地爬到灯前。用最后剩下的一口气，他点亮了灯塔，然后倒下。

10 “For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted, and, owing to these stories, they didn't have any applicants for the job of lighthouse-keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants. And now they say that on every anniversary of that day, especially when the sea is rough, you can stand in the living-room, hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries, see the flash of a blade, and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet. And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above. “数年后，据说那座灯塔闹鬼了。就因为这些传说，当地迷信的居民中没有人愿意申请做灯塔维护员。如今发人们都说，每年到出事的那一天，尤其是当海浪很大的时候，人们站在起居室里就能听到摔牌声和怒吼声，就能看到刀刃的寒光，还会瞥见一个人影奔向栏杆，然后听到一个人缓慢地向塔顶爬去。”

11 “The old man paused and I turned to go. 'By the way', he added, 'have you any free

time this afternoon? If so, why don't you have tea in the lighthouse? We are putting on a special boat trip to-day. We're charging a pound. And my brother, who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point, can serve very good teas there - included in the price of the boat trip-a bargain, considering the problem of obtaining the food. And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural, you're likely to have an unusual, perhaps an uncanny experience there. 老头停了停，我转身欲走。“对了，”他又开口了，“今天下午您有空吗?要是有空，干吗不到那座灯塔去喝杯茶?今天我们开专船，收费一镑，我兄弟买下了那座旧的并在原址建造了一座新灯塔，。他能提供好的茶——茶钱都算在船费里了——价钱公道，要知道搞到食品是很费事的。如果您对鬼之类的神奇东西有那么一点儿兴趣的话，这可能是一次不寻常的，大概还是不可思议的经历呢。”

12 I eyed him appreciatively. 'You're wasting your talents', I said. 'You should have been a fiction writer. 'You don't believe it? exclaimed the old man indignantly. 'I'd find it a job, ' I answered. ' My father, Henry Cox, started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty- two years ago, and he and Jim Dowley, now retired on a pension, were in charge for ten years. Come and see my dad one day with that tale; he'd enjoy it' . But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client. 我以赏识的目光打量了他一下说：“您真是在浪费您的才能。您应该当个小说家。”“你不相信吗？”老人很生气的呼喊。“很难相信，”我回答说。“我父亲叫亨利科克斯，52年前就开始在那里当灯塔管理员，现在他和吉姆道利都已退休拿养老金。他们一起看守灯塔有十年之久。哪天您不妨去看看我的父亲，并把故事讲给他听，他一定会欣赏的。”但老头已把注意力转向一个更有可能上当的顾客身上去了Unit 2

Individuals and Masses

个人以及群体

1 A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-poisoning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. 一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。一个组织所表现出来的智慧和道义是与其成员的一致的，而一个群体却是无秩序的，没有特定的目的并且无法进行明智的行为和现实性的思考。在一个群体里，人们失去了用逻辑思维来推论和选择对与错的能力，取而代之的是那个群体的集体思维的选择。他们因此也变得极为亢奋，将作为个人和大众的责任全都抛之脑后，易受到意想不到的过多怒气、狂热以及恐惧而极度情绪化。总之，一个人身处某个群体里就好像吃了大量的烈性致醉药物，他自己便是这种有毒药物的牺牲品。和酒精一样，这种药物能使人兴奋，并且是极度兴奋。被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯子、动物没两样。

2 Reading is a private, not a collective activity. The writer speaks only to individuals,

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

Assembly-line workers at Ford 研究生英语应用教程-翻译训练

Assembly-line workers at Ford and Chrysler no longer chat about whether they'll spend their $5,000-to-$10,000 year-end profit-sharing windfalls on a family vacation or a motorboat. This year there's little profit to share. Many also stand to lose $10,000 to $20,000 in reduced annual overtime pay. And their white-collar bosses aren't doing much better. Ford's 6,000 executives won't be getting any bonuses. The people who sell the cars and make most of their money from commissions are suffering much the same fate. All these workers are in effect paying to keep their job--and it's a trend that's accelerating far beyond the auto industry. Suddenly, everyone from $1 million-a-year investment bankers to middle managers and department-store clerks is facing a reduction of 10% to 100% in bonuses, profit sharing, stock options and commission payments. Some workers are even taking cuts in base salaries. Many employers and economists believe this newfound flexibility in pay may help keep unemployment a bit lower than it has been in previous downturns. But even as it cushions the blow, it is also spreading the pain to far more Americans. Robert Reich, Labor Secretary in the first Clinton Administration and now a professor of economics and social policy at Brandeis University, observes that "the biggest problem people will face this time around will be not the loss of jobs but the loss of income."

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示)unit8isaraceofrobotspossib

A good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain.They insist t hat a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have it do.假如你把计算机称为巨人脑，许多技术人员会感到气愤。他们坚持认为，计算机只不过是做有思维的人类安排它做的事情罢了 Yet one authority states categorically,"A machine can handle information;it can calculate,conclu de,and choose;it can perform reasonable operations with information.A machine,therefore,ca n think.Famed mathematician Norbert Wiener,of MIT,envisions a machine that can learn and wi ll"in no way be obliged to make such decisions as we should have made,or will be acceptable to us."Evidently,he thinks machines can think.不过，一位权威人士明确地说：“机器能处理信息，能进行计算、做出决定和选择，能利用信息从事各种合理的工作，因此，机器能够思维。”麻省理工学院著名的数学家诺伯特·威纳做出展望认为，机器能学习，它“决不会被迫做出我们必须作的决定，或是迎合我们。”显然，他认为机器能够思维 There is a popular anecdote about a computer programmer who,just for a lark,spent days settin g up the machine to destroy itself,then watched delightedly as the computer dutifully proceeded to commit suicide.If that machine could have thought,would it not have circumvented him?一个有关一位计算机程序设计员的轶事广为流传。这位程序设计员只是为了取乐，花了几天的时间，装了一台毁灭机器自身的机器，然后兴高采烈地观看这台计算机忠实地自杀，那台计算机假如能够思维的话，难道不会用谋略去战胜他吗 To me the controversy boils down to a definition of the word think.There is no area in physiology that is less understood than the human brain.Practically all that is known is that the brain contai ns some ten billion tiny cells called neurons.对我来说，这场争论归根结底就是对“思维”一词如何下定义。从生理学的角度看，没有哪个领域比人脑了解得更少的了。实际上我们所知道的只是大脑约含有100亿个称为神经原的微小细胞 Apparently neurons are elementary memory units,capable of storing the same kind of informatio n"bits"that a machine can store.The completely materialistic view is that neurons,along with an extraordinary network of nerve-communication lines,comprise all that is to the brain.But such a n explanation fails to account for how the brain originates thought.很显然，神经原是基本的记忆单位，能储存的信息“块”种类与机器是相等的。彻底唯物的观点是，大脑是由神经原与一个特殊的神经通讯网共同组成的。但这一解释并没有说明大脑是如何产生思维的Probably the clearest differentiation between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain h as roughly a million times as many components as the best computer.On the other hand,the diff erence may lie in a spiritual factor,embraced by religion.At any rate,a machine cannot exercise f ree will or originate anything-not yet.Whether it ever will is still an open argument.人和机器之间最明显的区别大概是量的不同。人脑的组成元件大约是最好的计算机的100万倍。从另一个方面来说，区别也许在于宗教所能接受的某精神因素。不管怎样，机器不能行使自由意志或创造任何东西——现在还不能。将来是否可以尚存争议 Computers can already do a lot of surprising things,which include predicting the weather.The m achine is able to make forecasts by assimilating vast quantities of data,but this,as well as most of the other tasks now performed by the thinking machines,is routine,requiring thinking of a very l ow order.Let us see what happens when we go beyond this step.计算机已经能做许多令人吃惊的事，其中包括预报天气。它可以接收大量的数据、并以此做出预报，但与思维机器现在所完成的大多数别的工作一样，这只是它的日常工作，只需要低思维层次。我们跨越这一步后，再看看会出现什么情况吧 A great many outstanding men are preoccupied with computers that do nonnumerical work:that

研究生英语精读教程_课文翻译

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法：

2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)

Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea ' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.' “十便士看海湾风光。”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。 “多么晴朗美丽的早晨。来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。天空下方,一群海鸥在一只只的叫唤着,侧身滑过水面。离岸一英里处,在海浪贪婪地拍打的岩石上,那座古老的灯塔矗立在一石头平台上。的确我决不会吝惜钱。当我把望远镜对准灯塔时,我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。 ' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse? ' he asked in a hushed whisper.

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程 课文翻译

Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元，“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁，学期当中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗，抛光等事，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作，因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天，我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分，不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间，我每天都忙到晚上，然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。

[5] 走投无路之下，我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世，告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户，并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后，汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁，”他说，“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话，这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间，我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活，但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此，我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时，我l0岁。不久之后，她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果，后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作，暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动，不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。

当代研究生英语读写教程答案,上册,外语教学与研究出版社,完整版

一，选择 1，This book (contains) all the information you need. 2，The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3，As a teacher you should not show (inclination) towards any of your students. 4，Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection. 5，How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes? 6，We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning. 7，That matter can be left (over) until our next morning. 8，I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office. 9，It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on). 10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary. 11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing. 12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up. 13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses). 14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth. 15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around). 16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight. 17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years. 21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages. 22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students. 23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains. 24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate). 25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined). 28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool. 29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules. 30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages. 32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened. 33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works. 34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what…… 35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break. 36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines. 37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer. 38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom. 39, inhale (breathe in) 40, scent (fragrance) 41, beam (smile happily) 42, solid (heavy) 43, suspicious (unbelieving) 44, steady (regular) 45, accomplishment (success)

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,)Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education

Imagine a guardsman, from the moment he falls in on parade in the morning until the moment th e parade is dismissed, every conscious action he makes is predetermined and controlled. If inadv ertently he does something that is not in the schedule, such as drop his rifle, he has to cover up t he accident by pretending to faint. To do anything other than conform might show originality and inventiveness, but from the point of view of military ethos（风气，社会思潮） would be immoral. 想象一下，一个卫士，从他早上在阅兵仪式的那一刻起直到游行解解散的那一刻,他的每一个有意识的动作都是受预定和控制的。如果他无意间做了什么计划外的事情，比如像掉了他的步枪，他不得不假装晕倒来掩盖事故。做除了承认以外的任何事情都可以展示出独创性和创造性，但是从军事风气的角度来看可能是不道德的。 That is an example of a thorough-going explicit moral system. In it actions are rigidly divided into right ones and wrong ones, permitted ones and non-permitted ones, and everyone involved acce pts this without question; and to train a participant in such a system is an explicit matter, and the simplest form of behaviour training, provided the learners acknowledge the teacher as an unques tionable authority who knows exactly what moral behaviour is. 这是一个彻底的显性道德体系的例子。它的行动被严格分为正确的和错误的，允许的和不准许的，并且体系内的人接受这个没有问题，并且培养在这样的系统中的参与者是一个明确的事情，，最简单的行为训练的形式，倘若学习者承认教师作为一个不容置疑的权威，明确分辨道德行为与否。Consider the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl. His behaviour is not so rigor ously controlled, and he has many choices of action, many decisions to make. In that case, all sort s of pressures are influencing his choice of actions. What his peer group does, what is the custom at the moment in that area, what he thinks the girlfriend will accept or expect, maybe the sort of lifestyle he has seen displayed in television plays, the things he has read about in the papers, thes e are all contributing to his decisions. He has not been instructed explicitly, as in the morning, but he has had a much more diffuse implicit training in behaviour, derived from many sources.考虑同样的卫士，在晚上，同一个女孩在一个小酒馆。他的行为是不那么严格的受控制，他的行动有很多选择，很多决定去下。在这种情况下，各种压力都会影响他的行动选择。他的同龄人做的，此刻在此方面的习惯，他认为的这个女性朋友会接受或者拒绝的，或者他在电视上看到的生活方式，书上读到的故事，这些都有助于他的决定。同早上比，他没有被明确指示，但是他有一个更加扩散的隐性训练行为，来自多种来源。 These, then, are the two forms of education available to those who wish to influence others' mor als - the explicit instruction and the implicit influence of surrounding behaviour. Which do we use with school pupils, or do we perhaps need to make use of each at different times? Above, in desc ribing the morning parade morals of the guardsman, it was pointed out that explicit instruction d epended on the learner's acceptance of the authority of the instructor. Without that acceptance t he system breaks down. While to the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl, such explicit moral exhortation would probably have little effect, because the speaker is not regarded as an authority, but rather as a crank. This illustrates the impossibility of having explicit moral edu cation unless all concerned have agreed on the fundamental principles, and on who has the right to expound them and say how they apply in practice. Where you have a society or an organizatio n in which such accord is possible, then behaviour is determined and can be the subject of explici t instruction.那么，明确的指导和周围环境的隐性影响是两种有效的教育模式对那些想要影响他人道德的人来说。我们用哪一种当面对学校学生是，或在不同时刻我们用每一个。上面，在描述上午游行的卫兵的道德时，指出显性指导依赖于学习者对指导者权威的承认。如果不承认系统就崩溃了。而相同的卫兵在晚上,在酒2013年ACCA/CAT考试全攻略每日一练历年

研究生英语应用教程翻译Unit 1~4

研究生英语应用教程翻译Unit 1~4 英国人把排队叫做“queue up”，美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”，只有纽约人不同，他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说，这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。 排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。尽管对于什么是城市中最难排的队似乎还没有一个一致的意见，但是人们在谈话中经常提到的是午饭时间在银行和邮局前排起的队。年轻人则经常提到买电影票时以及注册上大学时排的长队。 不论排什么队，最基本的原则都是要讲个先来后到，亦即社会学家所说的“公平分配”的原则。例外情况也有可能发生，如在高档饭店里，领班就会优先照顾他们偏爱的某些顾客。但一般来说这条规则还是管用的。 那么从理论上说，每个人都应当同样关心把队排好。但实际上每个人的关注程度会随着在队伍中的位置不同而有所不同。一般来说最强烈的抗议往往来自于那些直接受害者，也就是正好排在插队的人后面的那些人。而排在队伍后面的人就抱怨的相对少些，或者根本不抱怨，尽管前面插了一个人，他们的利益也同样遭受到损失。 1. 一位艾滋病研究专家昨天在华盛顿说，有些人感染了艾滋病毒后仍然十分健康地活着。这为他们的研究提供了“一线希望”，那就是一旦传染上艾滋病并不等于被判了死刑。 2. 是否能够欣赏这些现代画取决于你的想象力。 3. 许多人宁愿放弃比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方是人之常情。 4. 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 5. 走在纽约第五大道的人行道上，污雪成浆，阴冷潮湿，他疲惫不堪。

6. 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 7. Since he was not clear with this matter, he declined to express his ideas. 8. The sight of him reminds me of his father. 9. The misunderstanding was caused by their quarrel. 10. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. II. Suggested answer: 到了成人阶段，传统观点认为女人感情过于脆弱，不适合权利太大或需要承担责任的职位。通常这些职位都是为男人保留的，而女人则发现她们自己的身份往往是妈妈、主妇或其他一些照顾别人的职业，例如教师或护士。但是现在这些观点正在发生改变。 上世纪下半叶，服务产业增长迅速。在美国，1960到1985年期间，服务业所占的比重从56,增长到69,，而同期在欧洲则从33,增长到55,。另外，计算机在从农业到电信业的各个行业产生了巨大影响。这两者共同促使了我们通常所说的信息时代的到来。这一时代，信息和知识取代了传统制造业的地位。技术，尤其是计算机技术的快速发展，引领了一种全新的工作方式，改变了现代社会对男女角色的看法，而人口老龄化和缺乏有经验的技术人员更加快了这一变化。 过去的传统行业只要求工作人员能够胜任工作要求。然而现在的工作要求已经发生了显著的变化，从“可以胜任”转化为能够与同事合作，解决问题并做出决策。简而言之，工作单位目前需要员工受过良好的教育，有天赋和创造力，并具有良好沟通能力的，而这些则是女性一贯所擅长的领域。 Exercises

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea

' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.' 十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper. 'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested . “您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。 'It's no legend' , declared the old man.'My father knew the two men involved. It all took place fift y years ago to-day. Let me tell you. His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic. “这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。一切都发生在50年前的今天。让我说给您听听吧。” 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。 'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas s urging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working th ere. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge th e insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologise d to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentme nt and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough we ather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be. “整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。 “咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使