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【国际经济学专题考试试卷二十四】Measuring the Cost of Living

【国际经济学专题考试试卷二十四】Measuring the Cost of Living
【国际经济学专题考试试卷二十四】Measuring the Cost of Living

Chapter 24

Measuring the Cost of Living

TRUE/FALSE

1. The consumer price index is used to monitor changes in an economy’s production of goods and services over

time.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

2. When the consumer price index falls, the typical family has to spend fewer dollars to maintain the same

standard of living.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

3. Economists use the term inflation to describe a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Inflation

MSC: Definitional

4. The inflation rate is the absolute change in the price level from the previous period.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Inflation rate

MSC: Definitional

5. Inflation can be measured using either the GDP deflator or the consumer price index.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation

TOP: Inflation | CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Interpretive

6. The inflation rate reported in the news is usually calculated from the GDP deflator rather than the consumer

price index.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation

TOP: Inflation rate | CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Interpretive

7. Because the consumer price index reflects the goods and services bought by consumers better than the GDP

deflator does, it is the more common gauge of inflation.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation

TOP: Inflation | CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Definitional

8. The CPI is a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

9. Each week, the Bureau of Labor Statistics computes and reports the consumer price index.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

10. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is part of the U.S. Department of Labor.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional

1619

1620 Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living

11. The Bureau of Labor Statistics determines which prices are most important to the typical consumer by

surveying consumers.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional

12. The content of the basket of goods and services used to compute the CPI changes every month.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

13. By keeping the basket of goods and services the same when computing the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics

isolates the effects of price changes from the effect of any quantity changes that might be occurring at the same time.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

14. When the consumer price index is computed, the base year is always the first year among the years being

considered.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

15. The CPI for 2008 is computed by dividing the price of the basket of goods and services in 2008 by the price of

the basket of goods and services in the base year, then multiplying by 100.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

16. The CPI is always 1 in the base year.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

17. If the current year CPI is 140, then the price level has increased 40 percent since the base year.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Applicative

18. If the current year CPI is 90, then the price level has decreased 10 percent since the base year.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Applicative

19. The inflation rate for 2007 is computed by dividing (the CPI in 2007 minus the CPI in 2006) by the CPI in

2006, then multiplying by 100.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Inflation rate

MSC: Interpretive

20. If the value of the consumer price index is 110 in 2005 and 121 in 2006, then the inflation rate is 11 percent

for 2006.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Inflation rate

MSC: Applicative

Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living 1621 21. The producer price index measures the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firms rather than

consumers.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: PPI MSC: Definitional

22. Changes in the consumer price index are useful in predicting changes in the producer price index.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | PPI MSC: Interpretive

23. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the largest category of consumer spending is housing. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Categories of consumer spending MSC: Definitional

24. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that consumer spending on transportation is only slightly

higher than consumer spending on food and beverages.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Categories of consumer spending MSC: Definitional

25. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that consumer spending on medical care is about equal to

consumer spending on recreation and consumer spending on education and communication.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Categories of consumer spending MSC: Definitional

26. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that apparel makes up 14 percent of the typical consumer’s

budget.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Categories of consumer spending MSC: Definitional

27. The goal of the consumer price index is to gauge how much incomes must rise to maintain a constant standard

of living.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

28. Substitution bias occurs because the CPI ignores the possibility of consumer substitution toward goods that

have become relatively less expensive.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Substitution bias MSC: Interpretive

29. Substitution bias causes the CPI to understate the increase in the cost of living from one year to the next. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Substitution bias MSC: Definitional

30. When a new good is introduced, consumers have more variety from which to choose, and this in turn increases

the cost of maintaining the same level of economic well-being.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Introduction of new goods MSC: Definitional

31. The CPI does not reflect the increase in the value of the dollar that arises from the introduction of new goods. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Introduction of new goods MSC: Definitional

1622 Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living

32. If the quality of a good deteriorates from one year to the next while its price remains the same, then the value

of a dollar falls.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Quality change MSC: Definitional

33. The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not try to account for quality changes in the goods and services in the

basket used to compute the CPI.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | Quality change MSC: Interpretive

34. There is no longer much debate among economists concerning the severity of and the solution to the problems

in using the CPI to measure the cost of living.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Interpretive

35. Many economists believe the bias in the CPI is now only about half as large as it once was.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI MSC: Definitional

36. The CPI and GDP deflator usually tell two different stories about how quickly prices are rising.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Interpretive

37. When the price of Italian wine rises, this change is reflected in the U.S. CPI but not in the U.S. GDP deflator. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Applicative

38. When the price of nuclear missiles rises, this change is reflected in the CPI but not in the GDP deflator. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Applicative

39. In the U.S., when the price of oil rises, the CPI rises by much more than does the GDP deflator.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Applicative

40. The group of goods and services used to compute the GDP deflator changes automatically over time, but the

group of goods and services used to compute the CPI does not.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: CPI | GDP deflator MSC: Applicative

41. The purpose of measuring the overall level of prices in the economy is to permit comparison between dollar

figures from different times.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Comparing dollar figures MSC: Definitional

42. A dollar figure from 1908 is converted into 2008 dollars by dividing the 2008 price level by the 1908 price

level, then multiplying by the 1908 dollar figure.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Comparing dollar figures MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living 1623 43. If the CPI today is 120 and the CPI five years ago was 80, then something that cost $1 five years ago would

cost $1.50 in today's prices.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Comparing dollar figures MSC: Applicative

44. Henry Ford paid his workers $5 a day in 1914, when the CPI was 10. Today, with the price index at 177, the

$5 a day is worth $88.50.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Comparing dollar figures MSC: Applicative

45. If you currently make $25,000 a year and the CPI rises from 110 today to 150 in five years, then you need to

be making $43,333.33 in five years to have kept pace with consumer price inflation.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Comparing dollar figures MSC: Applicative

46. When some dollar amount is automatically corrected for inflation by law or contract, the amount is said to be

indexed for inflation.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Indexation MSC: Definitional

47. A COLA automatically raises the wage when the CPI rises.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: COLA MSC: Definitional

48. The U.S. income tax system is completely indexed for inflation.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Indexation MSC: Interpretive

49. Bob deposits $100 in a bank account that pays an annual interest rate of 5 percent. A year later, Bob

withdraws his $105. If inflation was 2 percent durin g the year the money was deposited, then Bob’s

purchasing power has increased by 3 percent.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

50. Bob deposits $100 in a bank account that pays an annual interest rate of 5 percent. A year later, Bob

withdraws his $105. If inflation was 5 percent during the year the money was deposited, then Bob’s

purchasing power has not changed.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

51. Bob deposits $100 in a bank account that pays an annual interest rate of 5 percent. A year later, Bob

withdraws his $105. If inflation was 7 percent during the year the money was deposited, then Bob’s

purchasing power has increased by 2 percent.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

52. Bob deposits $100 in a bank account that pays an annual interest rate of 5 percent. A year later, Bob

withdraws his $105. If deflation was 5 percent during the year the money was deposited, then Bob’s

purchasing power has not changed.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

1624 Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living

53. Bob deposits $100 in a bank account that pays an annual interest rate of 5 percent. A year later, Bob

withdraws his $105. If deflation was 7 percent during the year the money was deposited, then Bob’s

purchasing power has increased by 12 percent.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

54. The real interest rate measures the change in dollar amounts.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Nominal interest rate MSC: Definitional

55. The real interest rate is the interest rate corrected for inflation.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Definitional

56. The nominal interest rate tells you how fast the number of dollars in your bank account rises over time. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Nominal interest rate MSC: Definitional

57. The real interest rate tells you how fast the purchasing power of your bank account rises over time.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Definitional

58. If the nominal interest rates rises, then the inflation rate must have increased.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Nominal interest rate | Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive

59. If the nominal interest rate is 5 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent, then the real interest rate is 7 percent. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Real interest rate MSC: Applicative

60. If the nominal interest rate is 5 percent and the real interest rate is 2 percent, then the inflation rate is 3 percent. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Inflation rate

MSC: Applicative

61. If the real interest rate is 5 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent, then the nominal interest rate is 7 percent. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Nominal interest rate MSC: Applicative

62. The value of the consumer price index increased from 140 to 147 during 2006. Nathan opened a bank

account at the beginning of 2006, and at the end of 2006 his account balance was $12,840. The purchasing power of Nathan’s account increased by 2 percent during the year. We can conclude that Nathan opened his account with a deposit of $11,500 at the beginning of 2006.

ANS: F DIF: 3 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Analytical

63. The U.S. economy has experienced rising consumer prices in every year since 1965.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 24-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: U.S. inflation

MSC: Definitional

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国际经济学名词解释重点

国际经济学名词解释重点(1) 绝对优势:如果一国在某种产品生产上的劳动生产率高于另一国,或在劳动成本上低于另一国,则认为该国在该产品生产上具有绝对优势。绝对优势主张以各国生产成本的绝对差异为基础进行国际专业化分工,并通过国际贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。 比较优势:所谓比较优势是指一国在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势,在绝对劣势基础上的相对较少的劣势。比较优势主张以各国生产成本或相对差异为基础进行专业化分工,并通过国家贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。 完全专业化:各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工,在机会成本不变的情况下,每一国只生产其具有比较优势的产品,即全世界对某种产品的需求完全由具有比较优势的国家来生产。 贸易三角:贸易三角是衡量贸易利益的重要工具,主要由均衡时的国家贸易条件、一国的出口量和进口量三条线围成,反映一国的出口在均衡的国际贸易条件下,能够换回多少进口。 不完全专业化:各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工,在机会成本递增的情况下,各国将只部分生产其具有比较优势的产品并出口,同时也要生产其不具有比较优势的商品,这是因为随着某种产量的增加,机会成本呈现递增态势,因此原来在该产量上具有比较优势的国家会因为专业化生产而导致比较优势的逐渐丧失。 重商主义:重商主义主要兴盛于15世纪到18世纪中叶,认为货币是财富的唯一形式,因此主张采取奖出罚入的政策,主张取消进口

以避免本国贵金属的流失,鼓励出口以增加贵金属的流入。重商主义反映了资本原始积累时期,商业资本家对货币或贵金属的认识。 国际贸易:通常从狭义上讲,国际贸易指商品(或货物)的跨国流动,而在广义上,国际贸易既包括商品贸易也包括要素贸易。 生产可能性边界:它表示在一定的技术条件下,一国的全部资源所能生产的各种物品或者劳务的最大产量。 边际技术替代率:在维持产量水平不变的条件下,增加一单位某种生产要素投入量时所减少的另一种要素的投入量,在只有两种要素劳动L和资本K的情况下,边际技术替代率MRTS可以记做:MRTSLK=-△K/△L 等产量曲线上某一点的边际技术替代率就是等产量曲线在该点斜率的绝对值,此外,边际技术替代率还可以表示为两要素的边际产量之比。对于单一厂商来说,均衡时,即厂商达到利润最大化时,要素的边际替代率等于要素价格之比,MRTS=w/r。 机会成本:机会成本是指在一国资源达到充分利用时,要增加某一产品的生产,必须放弃另一种产品生产的数量。一般情况下,生产中的机会成本包括:机会成本递增,机会成本不变和机会成本递减三种情况。 当生产可能性边界向外凸/凹向原点时,机会成本递增;当生产可能性边界为直线时,机会成本不变,根据前面的假设,机会成本用-△Y/△X来表示。

【国际经济学专题考试试卷十】Externalities

Chapter 10 Externalities TRUE/FALSE 1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Market failure MSC: Interpretive 2. When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 3. Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total benefit to society as a whole. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as a whole. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 6. Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form of market exchange. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the pollution. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 8. Organizers of an outdoor concert in a park surrounded by residential neighborhoods are likely to consider the noise and traffic cost to residential neighborhoods when they assess the financial viability of the concert venture. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Applicative 9. When a driver enters a crowded highway he increases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway. This is an example of a negative externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical 663

国际经济学试题期末考试

1、一价定律 2、购买力平价 3、国际收支 4、产品生命周期 5、绝对优势原理

考试试卷 考试课程:国际经济学行政班: 学生姓名: 二、判断题(正确的标“T”,错误的标“F”,并将答案填入对应的方格中。共 1、当用直接标价法表示外汇汇价时,数值越大,意味着本币价值越高。() 2、要素价格均等化会使两国生产同一产品的要素密集度均等化。() 3、重商主义者认为每个国家应该努力实现出口等于进口的平衡贸易。() 4、斯密的绝对优势理论指出在贸易中两个国家均能通过出口其比另一国劳动生产率更高的产品获益。() 5、无差异曲线表示能够给单个消费者或者国家提供相同价值或满意感的商品的不同组合(如小麦和汽车)。() 6、产品生命周期理论认为,若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品,则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。() 7、关税的保护效应是指国内生产商获得的利润增加额。() 8、政府出口补贴提高了出口数量,但同时也降低了出口价格,增加了国内税收负担。() 9、最惠国条款给予某些国家同盟国才能享受到的最优关税待遇。() 10、美国向别国进口小麦应该记入美国国际收支的资本账户。() 三、简答题(共5题,每题8分,共40分) 1、简述进口配额和等效的进口关税存在的差别。

考试试卷 考试课程:国际经济学行政班: 学生姓名: 2、简述要素禀赋论和比较优势说的主要内容,并说明二者的主要区别。 3、简述区域经济一体化的静态效应。 4、作图说明大国征收进口关税的经济效应。

考试试卷 考试课程:国际经济学行政班: 学生姓名: 5、简述国际收支失衡的主要原因。 四、计算题(1题,共10分) 假定对成品车征收40%的从价税,无关税时进口零部件成本为成品车价格的30%,请计算对进口零部件分别征收40%、20%、60%的从价税时的有效关税保护率,并对结果进行说明。 五、论述题(1题,共20分) 当前,国际间新贸易保护主义抬头,各种各样的非关税壁垒成为了各国进行贸易保护的主要手段。请简述非关税壁垒的定义及其主要种类,并针对我国现实情况,以一种壁垒为例,说明我国应当如何应对发达国家的非关税壁垒。

国际经济学练习题

绪论 一、单项选择题 1.国际经济学产生与发展的客观基础是() A.国际经济活动范围不断扩大B.国际经济关系日益复杂 C.跨越国界的经济活动不断增长D.国与国之间经济联系密切 2.国际经济学的研究对象() A.国际经济活动B.国际经济关系 C.世界范围内的资源配置D.国际经济活动与国际经济关系 3.国际经济学产生的时间() A.20世纪60年代 B.20世纪50年代 C.20世纪40年代 D.20世纪70年代 二、判断改错题 1.国际经济学产生与发展的理论基础是国际贸易理论。() 2.国际经济学是西方经济学的重要组成部分。() 3.国际经济学的微观部分主要讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。() 4.国际金融理论与政策是站在单个国家角度来研究金融问题的。() 绪论 一、单项选择题 1.C 2.D 3.A 二、判断改错题 1.×。将“国际贸易理论”改为“国际贸易理论与国际金融理论”。 2.×。国际经济学是从西方经济学中独立出来的一门系统科学。 3.√。 4.×。国际金融理论与政策是独立于个别国家之外来研究所有国家参与国际金融市场的问题。 第二章古典国际贸易理论 一、单项选择题 1.主张对外贸易顺差,并将金银视为财富的唯一形式的理论是()A.比较优势理论B.贸易差额理论C.要素禀赋理论D.相互需求理论2.贸易差额论的政策主张中对发展中国家制定贸易政策有借鉴意义的是()A.发展本国工业B.发展本国航运业C.追求贸易顺差 D.对外贸易垄断3.最早对重商主义提出质疑的英国学者是() A.约翰·穆勒 B.亚当·斯密C.大卫·李嘉图D.大卫·休谟

4.甲国使用同样数量资源比乙国能生产更多的X,则乙国在X生产上具有()A.绝对优势B.比较劣势C.绝对劣势D.比较优势 5.甲国生产单位布和小麦分别需要6天和9天,乙国为10天和12天,根据比较优势理论() A.乙国进口小麦B.甲国出口布C.乙国出口布D.甲国出口小麦6.比较优势理论的提出者是() A.约翰·穆勒B.大卫·李嘉图C.亚当·斯密 D.李斯特 7.被称为西方国际贸易理论基石的是() A.贸易差额理论B.绝对优势理论C.比较优势理论 D.相互需求理论8.比较优势理论认为国际贸易产生的主要原因是() A.劳动生产率的相对差异B.技术水平差异 C.需求强度差异D.商品价格差异9.律师打字速度是打字员的两倍却雇佣打字员打字,以下表述错误的是()A.律师在打字上具有绝对优势B.律师在律师咨询上具有比较优势 C.打字员在打字上具有比较优势D.打字员在打字上具有绝对优势 10.按照比较优势理论,大量贸易应发生在() A.发达国家之间 B.发展中国家之间 C.发达国家与发展中国家之间D.需求相似国家之间 二、判断改错题 1.贸易差额论虽然产生时间很早,但并不是严格意义上的国际贸易理论。()2.贸易差额理论的奖出限入政策是针对所有产品而言的。() 3.贸易差额理论是第一个自由贸易理论。() 4.绝对优势理论分析的是国际贸易实践中的一个特例。() 5.具有绝对优势的产品不一定具有比较优势。() 6.根据绝对优势理论,一国两种产品都处于绝对劣势时仍可以参与互利贸易。()7.比较优势理论认为从理论上说所有国家都可以参与互利贸易。() 8.根据比较优势理论,只有当一国生产率达到足够高时,它才能从自由贸易中获益。 () 9.如果贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,贸易后国际市场价格更接近于小国封闭条件下的国内市场价格。() 三、名词解释 1.绝对优势2.比较优势 四、简答题 1.简述绝对优势理论主要内容。 2.简述比较优势理论主要内容。

国际经济学期末复习资料(简答和辨析)

【简答和辨析】 1、绝对购买力理论与相对购买力理论的关系 答:①绝对购买力平价理论认为,汇率是两国货币在各自国家里所具有的购买力之比。相对购买力平价理论认为,汇率同两国价格水平的变化保持一致,汇率的变化取决于两国通货膨胀的差异,若本国的相对价格水平上升,本国货币购买力就会下降,市场力量会促使汇率回到与购买力平价相一致的水平。 ②计算公式:绝对购买力平价理论e =*t t P P 相对购买力平价理论???-=*t t t P P e ③联系与区别:1.绝对购买力平价理论反映的是某一时点的汇率,相对购买力平价理论反映的是某一段时间内的汇率。 2. 绝对购买力平价理论反映价格的绝对水平,相对购买力平价理反映价格的变动率。 3. 绝对购买力平价理论说明汇率的决定基础,相对购买力平价理说明汇率之所以变动的原因。 4. 绝对购买力平价理论多用于理论模型的分析,相对购买力平价理用于付诸实施和统计验证。 2、国际收支平衡表的内容 答:一、经常项目,指商品、服务、收入和经常转移。 二、资本和金融项目,包括两个大的方面:其一,资本项目包括资本转移以及非生产性非金融资产的获取或处置;其二,金融项目包括直接投资、证券投资、其他投资和储备资产。 三、错误遗漏项目,用于抵销统计误差 3、生产补贴与关税哪种手段更优 答:①幼稚产业论的目的是保护国内生产、改进生产效率,既然是针对国内生产,显然直接的保护方式应是引入生产补贴,采用关税等贸易壁垒的方式并不是最佳的选择。 ②生产补贴比关税的保护成本低,因为生产补贴不改变国内价格,可避免消费扭曲。 4、区域经济一体化的形式及特征 答:1自由贸易区 特点:①成员国之间商品自由地输出和输入。 ②成员经济体之间没有共同对外关税。 ③实践中通常采取“原产地原则”以区分来自成员国与非成员国的商品。 2关税同盟 特点:①对内自由,对外保护:成员国在相互取消进口关税的同时,设立共同对外关税,成员经济体之间的产品流动无须再附加原产地证明。 ②鼓励成员国增加更加隐蔽的非关税壁垒。 ③成员国较自由贸易区权利让渡更多,失去了自主关税的权利。 3共同市场 特点:①各成员国之间实现商品的自由流动,建立了共同对外关税 ②实现了生产要素和服务的自由流动。 4经济同盟 特点:①成员国之间在形成共同市场的基础上,进一步协调它们之间的财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策。

【国际经济学专题考试试卷十九】Earnings and Discrimination

Chapter 19 Earnings and Discrimination TRUE/FALSE 1. A compensating differential refers to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 2. A compensating differential is a difference in wages due to higher levels of education or other forms of human capital. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 3. The fact that doctors are paid more than economics professors is an example of a compensating differential. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 4. A computer is an example of productivity-enhancing human capital. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital MSC: Definitional 5. Higher levels of human capital are correlated with higher earnings because firms are willing to pay more for better-educated workers who have higher marginal productivities. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital MSC: Interpretive 6. As a result of an increase in the earnings gap between skilled and unskilled jobs, the incentive to get a college education has been declining. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 7. The rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers is most likely related to a larger increase in demand for unskilled occupations relative to skilled occupations. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 8. One hypothesis to explain the rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers in the United States is that international trade has altered the relative demands for skilled and unskilled workers. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 9. The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 10. Some economists suggest that international trade has led to an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers in the United States. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 1287

《国际经济学》期末试卷5套

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