英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 4 Economy.doc

Unit 4 Economy

Lesson 10 (E—C)

A Golbal Econmy

Rsident Clinton realized—as all of us must—that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which information, goods and capital sped around the globe, every hour of every day. Whther we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.

America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity—and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.

The U.S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades. In 1977, the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion, putting China’s share of world trade at 0.6 percent. The most populosus country in the world, China ranked a distant 30th among exporting nations. By 1993 China’s exports and imports totaled nearly $200 billion. China had become the world’s tenth largest exporter.

Since 1978, when China began opening its econnomy to imcreased foreign investment and trade, aggregate outpou has more than doubled. The strongest growth has occurred in the coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methoods have spurred productin of both domestic and export goods. Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980-1992.

The numbers are interesting, but how has this affected the people of China? In the last decade, telephone connections rose more than 60%. Electrical production more than doubled to 621 million kilowatt hours. In short, China has improved the economic well-being of its people.

The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade. Since World War II, the U.S. has been the world’s largest econnomy and, in most years, the world’s largest eporter.

But the importance of trade in our economy had exploded in the past three decades. In 1970, the value of two way trade was equal to just 13% of the U.S. economy. Last year, that figure, at 28%, was more than twice as high. In just the last seven years, jobs supported bu U.S. exports (goods and services) have risen by 4 million, to a total of 11 million. That’s almost one out of ten American jobs. Last year U.S. trade equalled $1.8 trillion dollars.

Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States. China will continue to depend upon lucrative export markets to earn the foreign exchange it needs to develop and grow. At the same time, China’s imports will supply the much needed machinery and technology to fuel its continued development.

For the United States, new commercial opportunities will grow most rapidly in the emerging markets. We estimate that three quarters of new eport opportunities over the next twenty years that’s an incredible $1.9 trillion in potential exports—will come in the emerging markets of Asia and Latin America. This means jobs for American workers and a higher standard of living for the American people.

(Ecerpted form “Remarks by Ambassador Kantor at the University of International Business and Economics”, 1995)

译文：

一个全球性的经济

正如每个人必须认识到的那样，克林顿总统认识到当今的经济具有全球性质。我们生活在这样一个时代中，信息、货物和资金每时每刻在世界上流动。不管我们喜欢与否，我们所有的命运都是相连的。我们真的需要相互依靠。

美国支持国际贸易，因为我们确信，贸易会使那些遵守行为准则的国家富裕起来。极其光明的贸易前景是促进相互繁荣和加强主权国家之间联系的潜在力量。

美中两国都显示一种能提高两国人民生活的贸易潜力。你们经我更清楚中国经济在过去20年中所取得的伟大成就。在1977年，中国进出口总额还不到150亿美元，仅占世界贸易总额的0.6%，世界上人口最多的中国在出口国家中排名靠后，仅是第30位。到1993年，中国进出口总额接近2000亿美元，它已成为第10个最大的出口国。

自从1978年以来，中国经济为日益增加的外国投资和贸易敞开大门，总产量增加了一倍多。最强劲的增长发生在靠近香港和台湾对面的沿海地区。在这个地区，外国投资和现代生产手段的使用促进了国内和出口货物的生产。从1980年至1992年，人均国民生产总值平均增长率为7.6%。

看看数字是很有趣的。然而它又是怎样影响中国人的呢？在过去10年中，电话用户增加了60%以上。电力生产增加了一倍多，达到6.21亿千瓦小时。总之，中国提高了人民的生活水平。

美国人民也有利益于国际贸易的经历。自从第二次世界大战以来，美国一直是世界上最大的经济大国。在大多数年代中，它又是世界上最大的出口国。

但在过去的30年中，我们经济贸易的重要性大大地增加了。在1970年，双边贸易的总值占了整个美国经济的13%。去年上升到28%，比1970年增加了一倍多。就在过去7年中，美国的出口（货物和服务）创造的就业机会增加了400万个，总数上升到1100万个。这个数字就占美国就业总数的1/10。去年，美国贸易总额达到了1.8万亿美元。

无论是中国还是美国，都不会缩小贸易的重要性。中国会继续依靠获利的出口市场来赚取外汇以发展和增长自己的经济。同时，中国可用进口的机械和技术来加速它继续发展的速度。

对于美国来说，在不断涌现的市场上，新的贸易机会将以最快的速度增加。我们估计过，在未来的20年中，新的出口机会中的3/4，即数量可观的1.9万亿美元的潜在出口额，将来自亚洲和拉丁美洲不断出现的市场上。这将意味着为美国工人创造就业机会，使美国人民提高生活水平。

（原文及译文均选自李正中：《国际经贸英汉翻译》之附录）

Lesson 11 (E—C)

China and Britain in the World Economy(Ecerpt)

Britain and the World Economy

My theme today is the world economy.

The future of the world economy is of particular interest to my country because we have such a huge stake in it.

Britain lives by commerce. With 2% of the world’s population, we are the world’s fifth

largest trading nation. We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and services that we export, the investment that we attract and we make abroad.

The strength of our financial services sector is well-known; the world’s leading centre for international bank lending, foreign exchange, aviation and marine insurance, for example.

But British exports range far beyond services, important as they are. We eport one quarter of all we produce, more per head than either Japan or the United States.

Our place in the flows of global capital is equally central. 27% of all foreign exchange dealing takes place in London. Britain is the world’s third largest outward investor. We ourselves attract more foreign investment that any country but th US; more investment than in the whole Pacific region.

The fruits of this two-way flow are substantial. Our overseas investments yield Britain a net income of over ￡10 billion a year. In the last years inward investment in Britain has brought our people more than 250,000 new jobs.

What this means is that Britain has direct experience of the benefits that international trade and investment generate. We have a major interest in seeing it flourish. We have a major interest in creating the right climate for that to happen.

China in the World Economy

What is China’s epanding role in this?

China’s vast size and resources, her extraordinary economie progress over recent years, have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy. Because of this, because of Britain’s own huge stake in the world economy, we need to take a real interest in China.

Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen China’s GNP nearly quadruple. The rewards for the people of China are clear, most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Peking and the coastal cities.

For the nternational community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the world’s eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further.

China’s rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute to the drive and entrepreneurial spirit of her people, and more particularly to the fundamental economic reforms she has pursued over the past two decades. It is a clear testimony to the success of the open door policy led by Mr Deng Xiaoping.

I warmly welcome those reforms and that success.

I would draw a further conclusion, which I believe is central to assessing China’s future place in the world economy.

In my view China’s growing international engagement has been vital to her progress. The key to sustaining and building on early conomic success was China’s move intoworld markets.

Consider a couple of statistics. Since 1979 foreign trade as a share of China’s GNP has risen form 10% to 45%. Integration in world markets became a basic fact of Chinese economic life.

With that came integration into the world investment system. Foreign funds flowed into China in a spectacular way. The stock of foreign investment grew form under $5 billion in 1989 to nearly $90 billion by 1994.

So china has built new and increasingly strong links, in both directions, with world markets.

These links have contributed to creation of new jobs, new prosperity of China. What next?

I believe it is China’s interest to build on this foundation, to consolidate her place in the international system. That is the way to maimise her share of world markets; and—as the UK knows from direct experience—to attract the stimulus, the technology and the funding that inward investment can offer.

(Excerpted from “Speech by the Hon Malcolm Rifkind, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs at the University of International Business and Economics, 1996) 译文：

中国与英国在世界经济中的作用（摘录）

英国与世界经济

我今天演讲的主题是世界经济。

世界经济的未来与我国休戚相关，所以我们格外关注。英国的依赖贸易。虽然英国人口只占全球的2%，它却是世界和五大贸易国。英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上其他主要经济体。

我们的金融服务业以实力雄厚而著称，我们是国际银行借贷、外汇以及航空和海事保险业的中心。服务业在英国的出口中占重要地位，但英国的出口绝不仅限于服务业。我们四分之一的产品供出口，人均出口量高于美国和日本。我们在全球资本流动方面也居中心地位。全球外汇交易的27%在伦敦进行。英国是世界上第三大对外投资者，同时我们所吸引的外资额仅次于美国，居世界第二，而美国在英投资高于其在整个太平洋地区的投资总和。这种双向资金流动使我们受益颇丰。每年英国的海外投资为我们带来100亿英镑的净收入，而过去五年中外国对英投资为我国人民创造了25万个就业机会。这意味着英国直接享受到了国际投资所带来的利益。国际投资的蓬勃发展符合我国利益，我们非常愿意为此创造一个良好的环境。

世界经济中的中国

在世界经济中，中国将在哪些方面发挥日益重要的作用呢？

中国地大物博，近年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一支越来越重要的力量。中国在现代国际经济中的地位以及我国在世界经济中的巨大利益使得我们需要密切关注中国。

自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，，使其国民生产生产几乎翻了两番。中国人民获得了实惠有目共睹。北京和沿海城市的繁荣和盎然生机便是最明显的见证。

对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引人注目的结果是中国已跃居为世界第十一经济大国，而且今后定会更强。

中国迅速崛起，成为世界上发挥重要作用的国家，这应归功于中国人民的努力和进取精神，尤其是过去20年里中国所进行的根本性的经济改革。这无疑证明了邓小平先生倡导的开放政策是成功的。

我对这些改革及其成功表示热烈欢迎。

我还有一个想法，我认为我的这一想法对于任何估价中国今后在世界经济中的地位是至关重要的。我认为，中国日益扩大的国际接触对其进步一直是至关重要的。中国能够在已取得的经济成功的基础上进一步发展，关键是它进入了世界市场。

让我们看几个统计数字。1979年以来，外贸占中国国民生产总值的比重从10%上升到45%。融入世界市场已成为中国经济生活的一个基本事实。

继之而来的是融入世界投资体系。外国资金大量流入中国，外资存量从1989年的50

亿美元上升到1994年的近900亿美元。

总之，中国与世界市场之间建立起了双向的、新的联系，这些联系正在日益加强，并为中国创造了新的就业机会，带来了新的繁荣。那么今后怎么办呢？

我相信，在此基础上进一步努力并巩固中国在国际体系中的地位符合中国的利益，也是最大限度地扩大其在世界上的市场份额的方法。英国从自身直接的经历中体会到，吸引外资可以带来动力、技术和资金。

（原文及译文均选自李正中：《国际经贸英汉翻译》之附录）

Lesson 12 (C—E)

中国能够依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给（摘录

立足国内资源，实现粮食基本自给，是中国解决粮食供需问题的基本方针。中国将努力促进国内的粮食增产，在正常情况下，粮食自给率不低于95%，净进口量不超过国内消费量的5%。

现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。根据中国农业自然资源、生产条件、技术水平和其他发展条件，粮食增产潜力很大。

——提高现有耕地单位面积产量有潜力。目前，中国同一类型地区粮食单产水平悬殊，高的每颂7500—15000公斤，低的只有3000—5000公斤。在播种面积相对稳定的前提下，只要1996—2010年粮食单产年均递增1%，2011—2030年年均递增0.7%，就可以达到预期的粮食总产量目标。即使考虑到土地报酬率递减的因素，也是有条件实现的。目前，中国的粮食单产水平与世界粮食高产国家相比也是比较低的，中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大，但经过努力是完全可以缩小差距的。通过改造中低产田、兴修水利、扩大灌溉面积、推广先进适用技术等工程和生物措施，可使每公顷产量提高1500公斤以上。

——开发后备耕地资源有潜力。中国现有宜农荒地3500万公顷，其中可开垦为耕地的约有1470万公顷。中国政府将在加强对现有耕地保护的同时，加快宜农荒地的开发和工矿废弃地的复垦，未来几十年计划每年开发复垦30万公顷以上，以弥补同期耕地占用，保持耕地面积长期稳定。通过提高复种指数，使粮食作物播种面积稳定在1.1亿公顷左右。

（摘自《中国的粮食问题》第三部分）

译文：

China Can Basically Achieve

Self-Sufficiency in Grain

Through Self-Reliance

The basic principle for solving the problem of grain supply and demand in China is to rely on the domestic resources and basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain. China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-sufficiency rate of grain under normal conditions will be above 95 percent and the net import rate 5 percent, or even less, of the total consumption quantity.

China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development: Natural agricultural resources, production conditions, technical level and some other conditions ensure great potential in this respect.

There is potential for increasing the yield per unit area on the existing cultivated land. At

present, the per unit area yield of grain varies widely in the same districts, the highest yield being 7,500 kg to 15,000 kg per hectare, and the lowest 3,000 kg to 5,000 kg. Given a relatively stable sown area, China can achieve its desired total grain output target if the annual average increase rate of per unit area yield is one percent from 1996 to 2010 and 0.7 percent from 2011 to 2030. Compared to the annual average increase rate of 3.1 percent of the per unit area yield in the past 46 years, it is clear that one percent and 0.7 percent are fairly low. So, to acheve the target is totally possible even if the factor of diminishing and returns rate is considered. At persent, China’s per unit area yield of grain is low compared with contries with high grain yields. It will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain production in short period of time, but the gap can certainly be narrowed through earnest efforts. The grain output per hectare can be increased by more than 1,500 kg through the upgrading of medium- and low- yield land, intensifying water-control projects, enlarging irrigated areas and spreading the use of advanced agrotechnology.

There is also potential for xploiting untouched arable land resources. China now has 35 million hectares of wasteland which are suitable for farming. Of this, about 14.7 million hectares can be reclaimed. The Chinese government will make efforts to speed up the reclamation of wasteland suitable for farming as well as land discarded by factories and mines, while measures will be adopted to protect the isting cultivated land. In the nest few decades China plans to reclaim more than 300,000 hectares each year to make up for the loss of cultivated land appropriated for non-farming uses and to keep the area of cultivated land constant for a long period of time. The grainsown area will be stabilized at about 110 million ha through the increase of the multiple crop index.

(from Beijing Reiew)

法律英语学习方法

法律英语学习的层次与材料简介来源：胡敏的日志 接触法律方面的英语已数年，从漫无目的信手乱翻，到上法律英语课，再到上英语的法律课程，到现在的用英语进行法律方面的工作，走了很多弯路，也积攒了点滴经验体会。看版面上相关的讨论，觉得还可以更体系化，总结几点，和各位切磋。 学习法律英语，不能仅以会读、会写几个词汇就觉得万事大吉，要清楚自己的目标、学习的层次，循序渐进，渐次登堂入室。根据不同的层次，大致可分一下几个类型： 1. 入门搭框型：了解法律英语的基本词汇、语用同时西方法律、司法基本体系构架，即Mr.何家弘的“一石二鸟”。 可以学习下何家弘的《法律英语》（法律出版社，2003 第二版，好像已有配套翻译）。这种书要精读。试着自己动手翻译一遍，事半功倍。基础好同学可以接着读一点，英国人或美国人专门给外国人学法律英语的书，如《English Law and Language》(Cassell 出版)。 2. 专业型拓展型：拓展下自己的专业或者自己喜欢的领域。建议通读一本相关领域的简明教材，例如blackstone,nutshell系列的都不错的。另外，以熟悉的领域为核心，是提高英语的水平的有效捷径。 3. 比较参考型：即研究某个课题外国是否有相同的法律规定、案例规则等。学会泛读，把握主旨。以精读课的方式来读，反而会让自己陷入生词、查词旋涡。类似方面的，可以读一些案例。例如：https://https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cb1339793.html,数据库大学校园网通常能已经由学校付费，学生可以免费使用。 （附：《https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cb1339793.html,数据库》是面向法律专业人员设计的，拥有11400多个数据资料库以及31500多项资料来源，特别是在法律事务方面，是收录最全的法律资源库之一。包含了LexisNexis中全部法律内容，也包含了商业、金融、政治、时事等方面的内容，主要是全球范围内（如英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新加坡、马来西亚、中国内地、香港等）法律案例、法律法规条文、国家法、国际条约和协议、知识产权等，使用的对象为律师、大学法学院、法律咨询公司、司法官员等。） 4. 日常应用型：即与法律有关的日常业务中，处理涉外信函。注意学习一些商务信函的知识和相关领域的常用词汇、句型、格式。推荐《国际商务写作教程》（王素清，对外经贸大学出版社）。日常应用的专业词汇、句型跟法律英语教材、案例书籍、法条等的具有很大差别，这是新手一定要注意的。多阅读些此前的卷宗，虚心学习，不怕修改，三几个月就能顺手了。 5. 专业应用型：即出具外语法律文书、法律建议，如合同等。最保险的还是找一些类似的格式文书照搬过来，格式文书在网上能够搜索的到，或者参考此前业务成文。 6. 翻译通才型：即从事涉及法律内容的材料翻译。多读、多练、功夫在诗外。中英文方面的法律书都通读些，一些基本的简明教程即可。另外，还应当以法律为中心，多关注关联的知识

英语综合教程课后翻译

like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success. Unit4 Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interper-sonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disre-spect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Unit5 For my own part. I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face/appearance alone. Appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judg-ment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the character created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising Unit6 There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and com-pleting more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. Unit7 A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10a.m. yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur. Unit8 Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city. Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.

法律英语翻译(2)

法律英语翻译技巧（二）法学语言与法学语言翻译 例1：The law holds that the individual is responsible for his acts. The law also indicates what is good and right, and what may and should be done. It also indicates what is evil and wrong, and should not and may not be done. The law further holds that what is evil and wrong is a crime and may not be done, and if done, renders the doer liable to punishment. The law also recognizes the principle that man has free will and that, with certain exceptions, he exercises free will in commission of any crime that he may commit. 译文1：法律认为公民应对自己的行为负责。法律还规定什么是美好的和正确的，规范了哪些事是允许做或应该做的。同样，法律规范了什么是邪恶的和错误的。法律还进一步明确规定哪些邪恶的错误的事是不能做的犯罪行为看，如果某人做了这样的事，那么该行为就要受到惩罚。同样，法律还承认这样一个原则，每个公民除犯罪自由外都具有自由意志，如果某人在各种违法活动中实施其自由意志，那么他就可能触犯法律。 译文2：法律规定人人应对自己的行为承担责任，分清善良和正义，规范了人们的行为准则；法律还认为，作孽枉法即是犯罪，法不可恕，

法律英语书名

书名： 1．《合同法》和《公司法》的英文翻译打码QQ群：54493069 2.孙万彪：《英汉法律翻译教程》和《汉英法律翻译教程》 3.《法律翻译-从实践出发》 4.李克兴：《法律翻译理论与实践》 5.陈忠诚：《法窗译话》 入门级： 1、孙万彪的《英汉法律翻译教程》和《汉英法律翻译教程》，涉及的内容都是最基本的，书写得比较严谨，孙老师应该是语言专业出身，对一些词（比如说threatened ）的处理比较好。 2、中文版的《合同法》和《公司法》以及英文版的《合同法》和《公司法》，中文版的不必管哪个出版社的，想来都差不多。英文版的至少有两个版本，我在书店里见过，但现有手头没有，也不方便找。 3、《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》，有中英文对照版，算是做得比较精致的一本书。这本书不厚，但可以让你明白好的翻译作品应该是什么样的。 4、香港的双语资料库，至少可以利用一下香港联合交易所的双语《上市规则》。香港的词法和句法与大陆有所不同，但值得借鉴。 中级篇： 1、《法律文本与法律翻译》，作者之一是李克兴，他最近还写了一本书，也不错，可以看看。书名记不得了，但如果你在百度搜索栏敲入“李克兴”、“法律翻译”，逐页翻页，应该可以找到。 2、《法律翻译-从实践出发》，这本书有多名作者，既有宏观的论述，又有微观的剖析，作者基本上都是圈内高人。 3、《美国1933年证券法》和《美国1934年证券交易法》，著名的两部美国法律，主译是张路老师，这一系列的书还有，与律所的实战翻译风格比较接近。 4、利用互联网，直接查阅相关法律，如美国的《特拉华州普通公司法》。至于具体查阅哪部法律，看个人的兴趣。每本书后面都有参考书目，可以利用这个作为线索。 高级篇 1、《国际商法教学案例英文选编》，对外经济贸易大学考研用的“灰皮书”，不知现在是不是这样？先读懂这本书，加深对法律知识的了解。 2、《英美商事组织法》，对外经济贸易大学丁丁老师著，同一系列的书还有很多。 3、陈忠诚老师的《词语翻译漫谈》及其续篇、《法窗译话》以及相关的词语翻译书，加强“炼字”功夫。

综合教程翻译

II. Translation 1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. A decade ago,Nancydid what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People likeNancymade the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income,Nancyhad to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. II. Translation 1. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to theUnited StatesfromCanadaseveral times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement inDresdeninCanadafor escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. II. Translation

法律英语翻译练习与答案-0609

练习1：外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。If the foreign joint venturer causes any losses by deception through the intentional use of backward technology and equipment, it shall pay compensation for the losses. 修改提示：单复数考虑不周；用语不够简洁。 答案（修改要点）：causes any losses →causes any loss(es) 造成一项或多项损失时都应当赔偿，不能仅用复数形式。 pay compensation for the losses →pay compensation therefor (therefor=for that/them) 练习2：人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。 原译文：The people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public s ecurity organs shall, in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 修改提示：“分工负责”，应理解为：侧重点在“负责”，而非“分工”，即分工过程中各负其责；respective 比own 更为妥当、准确；原来的译文中，and they shall …比较啰嗦，更严重的问题是，使to ensure …割断了与divide their functions 的联系。 答案（修改要点）：in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law.→… in handling criminal cases, take responsibility for their respective work while dividing functions, co-ordinate, and check each other, to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 练习3：商标注册人享有商标专用权，受法律保护。 原译文：Trademark registrants shall enjoy the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and shall be protected by law. 修改提示：商标专用权的译文“貌合神离”，立法原意是“商标专有权”；受法律保护的主语有些歧义，可加括号处理；原文shall滥用，因为并未刻意强调“必须，一定要”。 答案（修改为）：Trademark registrants have the exclusive trademark right, (and are) protected by law. 练习4：被告人的犯罪情节极其严重、社会影响极其恶劣、社会危害极其严重。 原译文：The extremely serious circumstances of the offense committed by the accused have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. 修改提示：bring的用法有些生硬，动宾搭配不太适当。 答案（修改为）：have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. → have exerted an abominable influence and posed a severe hazard to society. (exert, vt. 施加，产生，如exert pressure on, exert an influence on; abominable, adj. 可恶的，极坏的；pose v. 提出，形成，成为；使摆好姿势pose a problem; pose an obstacle/a threat to …) 练习5：买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：货号; 品名及规格；数量；单价；总值(数量及总值均有_____%的增减, 由卖方决定)；生产国和制造厂家；包装；唛头；装运期限；装运口岸；目的口岸；保险；

第十章 法律翻译中被动句式的翻译(课堂讲练)

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大学英语综合教程一全文及翻译

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