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正反译法练习

正反译法练习
正反译法练习

一、试译下列各句:

(一)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体动词:

1 .The ache that had persisted in his chest had turned to severe pain.

2. "If we lose our lives, then you'll lose yours!"she said with a laugh.

3.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success.

4. I have failed to convince him of his error.

5. The two teams tied.

(二)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体形容词:

1.She said simply, "They are all bad.”

2. Appearances are deceptive.

3.The teacher found some of the pupils absent.

4. Her face had a strange, lost look.

5. I'm terribly sorry to have given you such a lot of trouble.

(三)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体前置词:

1.But that's very extraordinary. It seems against nature.

2. Never mind. We can manage without help.

3.His answer is beside the mark.

4.Under fifty people were there.

(四)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体名词:

1 .Her abstraction was not beeause of the tea party.

2 .He did not want to hurt her,but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say…

3 .She was politely acquiescent in what was evidently Greek to her.

4.Silence reigned all over for a while.

(五)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体副词:

1 .He said idly,“Well,what does it matter?”

2.They resumed their seats moodily.

3 .She always seemed too busy in the house.

4.Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope,and unfolded it.

(六)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体连接词:

1 .The stranger bad already gone before he hurried to the hotel.

2 .She couldn’t sit still till her native country was free.

3 .They would rather have the blue one than the green one.

4.You will fail unless you work harder.

(七)用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体短语:

1.“We should abstain from any exaggerations and void phrase一making.”said he.2.His explanation is far from being satisfaetory.

3.You should seize the opportune moment to put in a good word for me.

4.The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire.

5 .The pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers.

6.Miss Fairlie kept to her room all day.

(八)用反面表达法处理下列各斜体从句或句子:

1.Letb bygones be bygones.

2 As was expected,the enemy walked right into the trap.

3.It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat,drink or smoke.

4.(Keeping their arms off with his left arm)“Be eareful!Mind my right arm!” he said.

5.Mr.Will was a short and skinny white man with dark hair and gray eyes,and a smile that seemed to be frozen on his face and everybody knew it was anything else but a genuine smile. 6.Haste makes waste.

九、试译下列各句,用正面表达法处理斜体部分:

1.“Don’t unstring your shoes,Roody,” she said.

2.“I don’t know if I ought to have come,”she said breathlessly grasping Phyl’s arm.

3 .For him the wheel of slumber was wont to turn noiseless and slick and swift. 4.Generally she accepted the family life in all its crowded inadequacy.

5 .Jim was no end upset because he couldn’t go swimming.

6.Sir Percival’s(泊西瓦尔)spies were not going to lose sight of me.

翻译的正反译法

一.一.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体动词: 1. 1.The ache that had persisted in his chest had turned to severe pain. 2. 2.“If we lose our lives, then you’ll lose yours!” she said with a laugh. 3. 3.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success. 4. 4.The two teams tied. 二.二.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜形容词: 1. 1.Appearances are deceptive. 2. 2.The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 3. 3.Her face had a strange, lost look. 4. 4.I’m terribly sorry to have given you such a lot of trouble. 三.三.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜前置词: 1. 1.But that’s very extraordinary. It seems against nature. 2. 2.Never mind, we can manage without help. 3. 3.His answer is beside the mark. 4. 4.Under fifty people were there. 四.四.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体名词: 1. 1.Her abstraction was not because of the tea party. 2. 2.He did not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate push him on to say… 3. 3.Silence reigned all over for a while. 五.五.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体副词: 1. 1.He said idly,“Well, what does it matter?” 2. 2.They resumed their seats moodily. 3. 3.She always seemed too busy in the house. 4. 4.Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it. 六.六.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体连接词: 1. 1.The stranger had already gone before he hurried to the hotel. 2. 2.She couldn’t sit still till her native country was free. 3. 3.They would rather have the blue one than the green one. 4. 4.You will fail unless you work harder. 七.七.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体短语: 1. 1.You should seize the opportune moment to put in a word for me. 2. 2.The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wild fire. 3. 3.The pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers. 4. 4.Miss Firelie kept to her room all day. 八.八.用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体从句或句子: 1. 1.As was expected, the enemy walked right into the trap. 2. 2.It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat, drink or smoke. 3. 3.Mr. Will was a short and skinny white man with dark hair and gray eyes, a smile that seemed to be frozen on his face and everybody knew it was anything else but a genuine smile. 九. 试译下列各句,用正面表达法处理斜体部分: 1. For him the wheel of slumber was wont to turn noiseless and slick and swift. 2. Generally she accepted the family life in all its crowded inadequacy. 3. Jim was no end upset because he couldn’t go swimming. 4. Sir Percival’s spies were not going to lose sight of me.

正反译法

Review 1.The last person to be speaking about terrorism is the representative of country A. 最没有资格谈论恐怖主义问题的人就是A国的代表。 2.What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? 你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国生产者可能产生什么影响吗? 3.他是一位中国现代优秀作家 He is an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer. [误译分析] 【原文】 The roofs loomed in front of them with starting clarity. 暗礁在他们面前令人吃惊地清楚,时隐时现。 【改译】暗礁在他们面前隐隐呈现,看得越清楚就越感到毛骨悚然 英语句子经常使用连词、关系代词、关系副词、短语中又包括介词短语、动名词短语、分词短语、不定式短语等,汉语如果照译,读者可能不知所云。按照汉语习惯,可将这些英语特有的结构转译为短句。例如: 1.The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable. 鱼能发电,其强度足以点亮小灯泡,甚至能开动马达,这简直是令人难以置信 的。 2.Flooded with calls, the company is maximizing profits by handling in-city runs. 要车的人太多了,公司便只接来往于市区的生意,这样好多多赚钱。 【翻译技巧】转句译法 Conversion of words or phrases into sentences 有些词和各种短语所含的语义是相当的丰富,但是单靠换序、转性等方法还是 不能表达原文的真实含义,而要把原文的内容连词形式一起翻译成汉语几乎不 可能的,因此,不得不把这些词、词组转译成句子,称为转句译法。 1.Pressure of work has somewhat delayed my answer. 由于工作很忙,答复稍迟了一些。(主语转句) 2.Another hour’s ride will bring us to the village.

英语正反译法练习

正反译法练习之一 1.The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸上的报道一点儿也不真实。 2.Mr. Thompson was above reproach. 汤姆森先生的行为是无可非议的。 3.Keep dry and the top side up! 请勿倒立,防止受潮! 4.Such a chance was denied to me. 这个机会跟我无缘。 5.All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 被狗叫的人不一定都是贼。(犬之所吠,并非皆贼) 6.He kept himself apart from the other children. 他和其他孩子保持距离,一个人待着。 7.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 如果不出示票据,押金是不会返还的。 8.他决不会说出这样的话. He should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 9.她抱怨名单上没有她的名字. She complained about her name should be on the list. 10.他尽力克服技术资料的不足. He tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data. 11.在收据尚未签字以前不得付款. Don’t pay unless the receipt was signed. 12.他上火车站去接他的朋友,可是在人群中没见到他。(miss) He goes to the railway station to meet a friend, but he missed his friend in the crowd. 13.他直到三年级才认识到广泛阅读的重要性。(not…until) He did not realized the importance of the wider reading until three grade. 14.我警告过你,不要跟陌生人谈论我的事。(warn against) I have warned you against talking about me with strangers.

翻译技巧英语笔译技法——正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还是反说,就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 —含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够;不足)、lack(缺乏;没有)、absence (不在)、failure(未能;不成功)、defiance(不顾;无视)、denial(否认;否定)、exclusion (排除)、freedom(不;免除)、refusal(不愿;不允许)、loss(失去)等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解。 2、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse(不愿;不肯;无法)、lack(缺乏;没有)、defy(不服从;不遵守;不让)、forbid(不许)、stop(不准;别)、ignore(不理;不肯考虑;无视;不顾)、hate(不愿意)、miss(没听清楚;没赶上)等。

英语翻译中介词译法的解析

英语翻译中介词译法的解析在英语翻译中,介词的翻译也是一个需要重视的问题,青岛翻译公司了解到,英语中大多数介词都有一词多用的用法,很多介词的翻译不能照本宣科,必须联系上下文,从其基本意义出发,进行灵活处理,才能够更好的进行翻译。那英语介词都有哪些翻译方法呢? (1)转译:英语中常用介词来表达动作意义,所以我们在进行汉译时,可将介词转译成动词。转译法在实际应用中又分为一下几种情况。 ①在作表语的介词短语中,介词常转译为动词,而联系动词则省略不译。 如:This machine is out of repair.这台机器失修了。 ②在作目的或原因状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。 如:The plane crushed out of control.这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。 ③在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。 如:But even the larger molecules with several hundred atoms are too small to be seen with the best optical microscope.但是,即使有几百个原子的分子也是太小了,用最好的光学显微镜也看不见它们。 ④介词短语作补足语时,其中介词常转译成动词。 如:Heat sets these particles in random motion.热量使这

些粒子作随机运动。 (2)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此在英译汉是,拆句分译也是经常会使用的方法。一位青岛专业翻译公司老师说,而分译的句型选择可以有很多,这可以根据上下文来灵活处理,下面我们给大家介绍的是一些在分译中经常能够用到的句型和方法。 ①译成并列分句。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。 Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。 ④译成原因分句。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有雾,我们看不清它。 ⑤译成目的分句。

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正反译法

译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用十大翻译技巧之五:正反译法 正译法和反译法: 这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withholdthe document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧完整版本

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。 意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。(陈

最新【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法

1 【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 2 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正3 说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质4 肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理5 成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反6 说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 7 8 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 9 10 笼统的说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、11 “in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中12 含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、13 “勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 14 15 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成16 “正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还17 是反说,就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 18 19 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最20 为重要的两种正反译法。 21

22 英译汉正转反 23 24 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式25 是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演26 变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成27 汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 28 29 1、名词 30 —含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够;不足)、lack(缺乏;没31 有)、absence(不在)、failure(未能;不成功)、defiance(不顾;无视)、denial 32 (否认;否定)、exclusion(排除)、freedom(不;免除)、refusal(不愿;不允33 许)、loss(失去)等。 34 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,35 没能访问那些国家。 36 37 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 38 39 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我40 们大惑不解。 41 2、动词或动词短语 42

英汉翻译法7——正反译法

?在翻译时,对于中国学生来说,某些否定句犹如陷阱,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。鉴于此,我们在翻译某些含有否定意义的句子时,应当把握两点:一、英语里有些从正面表达的词或句子,译文可从反面来表达,即正说反译法;二、英语里有些从反面表达的词或句子,译文可从正面来表达,即反说正译法。例如: ?1) Only five customers remained in the bar. ?酒吧间只有五个顾客还没走。 ?(原文从正面表达,译文从反面表达。如译成“还留着”,或“还呆在那里”,则不如“还没有走”更符合汉语习惯。) ?2)Anyone wants to get out? Over my dead body! ?只要我活着,谁也别想出去。(the original English sentence implies “nobody can get out unless you kill me). ?3) Mother said Father would come soon, but Mary knew better. ?妈妈说爸爸很快就会来了,玛丽知道不会。(“know better” implies that Mary thoug ht differently or disagreed with Mother, it means “think otherwise”) ?5) A radar screen is not unlike a television. ?雷达荧光屏跟电视荧光屏一样。 ?(如译成“雷达荧光屏不是不象电视荧光屏一样”则不符合汉语习惯。) ?我们可以看到,正面译不顺,不妨从反面译;反面译不顺,不妨从正面译,因为同一个概念,一个民族正面说,认为是合乎表达习惯的,而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺嘴。 ?下面从正说反译和反说正译这两个方面来探讨英语否定结构汉译的一般原则 ?一、正说反译法(Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese) ?英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。下面按词性列举它们的翻译方法。 ?1.名词 ?1) There was a complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. ?关于该地区的石油储藏情况,人们毫无所知。 ?(absence可译为“不在”、“毫无”、“不在……时间”等。) ?2) Her child was in a terrible state of neglect. ?她的孩子简直没人管。 ?(neglect可译为“不留心”,“没人管”。) ?3) All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts. ?一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 ?(avoidance 可译为“不采取”。) ?作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有:defiance (不顾,无视),denial (否认,否定),exclusion (排除),anything but (根本不,决不),lack (无,缺乏),failure (不成功,不足,不履行),refusal ( 不愿,不允许),loss (失去)等。

第七节正反译法

第七节:正反、反正表达法(Negation) 1. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people. 2. He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data. 3. The window refuses to open. 4. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 5. They excluded children (from) getting in. 6. That building is in a state of neglect. 7. He’s often absent-minded. 8. Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise. 9. I, rather than you, should do the work. 10. The truth is quite other than what you think 11. Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world. 12. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work. 13. There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignored of the other. 14. In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most cases, and it is better for us to do so, since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about. 15. The meeting were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying,“We’ll for ever live up to what our Party expects of us.” 17 The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels. 18 The fellow is far from being honest. 19 The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone. 20 He stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions the boss raised. 21 The world today is far from peaceful. 22 She refrained from laughing. 23 She was refused admittance by them. 24 The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt 25 Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. 26 That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.) 27 But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment. 28 The first bombs missed the target. 29 Such a chance was denied me 30 This problem is beyond me. 31 When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do. 32 He unfastened his shoelace. 33 I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 34 Many agreed that the Prime minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. 35 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 36 It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 37 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 38 Don’t lose time in posting this letter

翻译技巧英语笔译技法正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法 —— 正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时 有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定 而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达 更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正 反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说,英语句子中含有 “never 、”“no 、”“not 、”“un-”、“im-”、 “ i-n ”、 “-ir ”、 “-less ”等否定词以 及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有 “不 ”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、 “莫”、 “非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如 “correct 可以翻译成正确”(正说),也 可以翻译成 “没有毛病 ”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还是反说,就完全要看译文语言的 惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两 种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的, 但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否 定词义,即所谓的 “含蓄否定词 ”或 “暗指否定词 ”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词 组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 — 含蓄否定名词主要有: shortness / shortage (不够; 不足) 、lack (缺乏; 没有) 、absence (不在)、failure (未能; 不成功)、defianee (不顾; 无视)、denial (否认; 否定)、exclusion (排除)、 freedom (不; 免除)、 refusal (不愿; 不允许)、 loss (失去)等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国 家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 2 、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse (不愿;不肯;无法)、lack (缺乏; (不服从; 不遵守; 不让)、 forbid (不许)、 stop (不准; 别)、 ignore (不理; 无视; 不顾)、 hate (不愿意)、 miss (没听清楚; 没赶上)等。 Chris TAO 于2012 年10月22日归纳总结并存手稿。 ) 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解 没有)、 defy 不肯考虑; He refuses to come in. 他不愿意进来。

法律翻译中术语的翻译

法律翻译中术语的翻译 众所周知法律术语的翻译是法律翻译的一个极为重要的方面。与医药,化学,计算机科学不同,法律首先是一个国家现象。每个国家或地区法律有其自身的术语和潜在的概念结构,本身的分类规则,法律渊源及社会经济原则。每个法律体系本身有其表达概念的词汇,不同类别的规则,及解释规则的方法。David 关于比较法分析指出了译者在法律翻译过程中遇到的一些法律方面的障碍:不同法律体系中没有完全对立的法律概念和分类体系是一个的困难之一。现实社会中法律科学是在其法律体系中独立发展起来的。因此一个法系的法官所熟悉的基本概念和分类方法对另一个法系的法官而言是完全陌生的。 法律翻译中术语的翻译具有特别重要的意义。术语翻译的好坏、准确与否常常关系到翻译质量的好坏。法律术语翻译准确,即使在其他方面如文法上存在一定的问题,也许还过得去,不至于引起太大的误解;而如果术语的翻译错了,就可能造成误解,甚至酿成纠纷。在翻译过程中,译者可能只注意到术语其中的某个含义,忽略了其他含义,或是只注意到其常用含义,忽略了其在特殊语境中所具有的特殊含义,或者是由于选择用词时把握不准确而造成了失误。如burglary一词,这个词最常见的译法就是“夜盗行为”,“夜盗罪”,遗憾的是这种译法只反映了burglary 的一面。在英美普通法中,burglary指的是“the breaking and entering of the dwelling

house of another person at night with the intention to commit a felony of larceny inside”,即行为人以犯重罪或盗窃为目的破门窗闯入他人住宅的行为。尽管当今的刑法对burglary的定义已有了很大的修订,如时间不局限于夜间,住宅也可以包括其它建筑物等等,,美国《统一刑事案例汇编》(Uniform Criminal Reports)(1998)甚至对burglary的定义简单到“为犯重最或偷窃而非法进入某一建筑内”,也不管进入该建筑内是否使用了暴力,但不管怎样,它已不仅仅只是“夜盗行为”或“夜盗罪”。为了伤害、强奸甚至杀害某人而进入他人住宅或其它建筑物(不一定是使用暴力的强行闯入),同样也构成burglary.我国也有一个相似的罪名,即“非法侵入他人住宅罪”,但我们不能用这个词来套译burglary ,因为根据我国刑法,所谓非法侵入他人住宅,是指未经主人同意,没有正当理由擅自闯入他人居住的场所,影响他人生活安宁,或者经住宅主人提出要求退出,但无理取闹拒不退出的行为,而且侵入的目的不仅是为了实施其他犯罪,如盗窃、杀人、抢劫、强奸等,因为如果是为犯其他罪,如盗窃、杀人、抢劫、强奸等而进入的话,则按后者定罪,而不按数罪并罚处理,这一点恰恰与burglary 的犯罪构成相反。因而考虑到上述因素,burglary 一词可译为“恶意侵入他人住宅罪”。“夜盗行为”或“夜盗罪”。为了伤害、强奸甚至杀害某人而进入他人住宅或其它建筑物(不一定是使用暴力的强行闯入),同样也构成burglary.我国也有一个相似的罪名,即“非法侵入他人住宅罪”,但我们不能用这个词来套译burglary ,因为根据我国刑法,所谓非法侵入他人住宅,是指未经

正反译与反正译

正反译与反正译 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景、风俗和生活习惯的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。因此在这两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。笼统地说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,译文要采用正说还是反说,就要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两种正反译法。 PART I.英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1.?名词 —?? 含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够; 不足)、lack(缺乏; 没有)、absence(不在)、failure(未能; 不成功)、defiance(不顾; 无视)、denial(否认; 否定)、exclusion(排除)、freedom(不; 免除)、refusal(不愿; 不允许)、loss(失去)等。如;(1)Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国家。 (2) Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 (3) We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解。 2.?动词或动词短语 —?? 英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse(不愿; 不肯; 无法)、lack(缺乏; 没有)、defy(不服从; 不遵守; 不让)、forbid(不许)、stop(不准; 别)、ignore(不理; 不肯考虑; 无视; 不顾)、hate(不愿意)、miss(没听清楚; 没赶上)等。

翻译技巧 反译法

第八节反译法 由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性与我国不同,因此这些国家人们的思维方式和生活习性亦与我国不同。这种差别体现在语言习惯七,便产生了两种语言各自不同的表达形式。在表示否定意义时,这种差异显得尤为突出。有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上是肯定的,有的形式上是肯定的而实质上是否定的。在翻译某些英文句子时,应当特别注意两点:一是英语里有些从正面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可以从反面来表达,即正说反译法;二是英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可从正面来表达,即反说正译法。例如: (1)The kind of machine is far from being complicated. 这种机器一点也不复杂。 这个句子如果译成“这种机器离复杂甚远”就使人感到不知所云。 (2)He wrote three books in the first two years,a record never reached before. 他头两年写了3本书,打破了以往的记录。 原文从反面表达,译文从正面表达。如译成“这是他从前从未达到的记录”则显得很别扭。 (3)I have read your articles,but,expect to meet an older woman. 我读过你的文章,但没料到你这样年轻。 本句如译成“我读过你文章,但我料想会见到一个年纪更大的女人”则不符合汉语表达习惯。 从以上例中可以看出,有些句子从正面译不顺,不妨从反面译;反面译不顺,则不妨从正面译,因为同一个概念,一个民族正着说,以为是合乎表达习惯的,而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺口。因此,在恰当的场合灵活运用反译法不失为确保译文语义明晰、文从字顺的有效手段。 一、正说反译法 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的。一些语言学家称这些词为“含蓄否定词”,另一些语言学家则称之为“暗指否定词”。英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。 (一)名词 (1、Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries. 由于时间不够,没能访问某些国家。 (2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidance of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判,而不是武装冲突来解决。 (3 1 There was complete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country. 关于该国的石油储量情况,人们毫无所知。 (4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom,but the want of it always leaves room for.the suspicion of folly. 尽管有礼貌并不一定标志着此人有智慧,但是无礼貌却总是使人怀疑其 愚蠢。 (5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can create problems. 不注意文化差异或当地风俗可能会产生问题。 作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有:defiance(不顾,无视),denial(否认,否

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