TEM8英语专业8级+翻译辅导讲座

英语专业八级考试翻译辅导讲座材料

一、八级考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定

1、测试目的：考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力

2、题型：本题为主观试题。分两部分：第一部分汉译英，由300字左右

的汉语短文组成，其中有150字左右的文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体

字打印，要求考生将此部分译成英语。第二部分英译汉。由300个单词

左右的英语短文组成，其中150个左右单词文字或段落用横线标出或用

黑体字打印，要求考生将此部分译成汉语。

3、测试要求：汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧，以每小时译约250

－300汉字的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150字左右。译文要求忠

实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。英译汉要求考生运用英译汉理论与技巧，

以每小时译约250英语单词的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150单词

左右。译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

4、考试时间：60分钟，两部分的写作时间可互相调剂使用。

二、考试项目、时间、题数及分数

三、翻译原文的主要文体及话题

主要问题为散文、议论文和政论文。

汉语散文的特点是形散神不散。所以在翻译成英文时，要适当增加英语连词、副词等以使语句连贯，意义完整。

议论文既有描述，又有议论，夹叙夹议。注意时态变化和习惯用法。

政论文往往语句较长，且不时地用被动语态。所以在翻译时，语句结构要作调整，语态要作变化。

话题涉及社会热点，人生感悟，教育批评，读书学习等。

四、翻译中的关键问题

一）理解问题：

1. 词汇量问题：生词；熟词的多义性；粗心大意弄错词

a. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom,

the promise of so much golden fruit cut short.

*我（妒忌）每场婚礼，因为它意味着要供应桔子花，这么多金色的

水果的希望就砍断了。

b. It was tempting to say that Sept 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to

say that every hero needs a villain, and goodness needs evil as its grinding

stone. But try to look a widow in the eye and talking about all the good

that has come of this.

*令人引诱的说出9.11事件改变了这一切，正如（）英雄需要恶

棍来陪衬，善良需要邪恶来作为磨刀石。但是尽力看看窗户外面，再

谈从中而来的好处。

1)生词解决办法：

a. 扩充词汇量，按大纲8级要掌握英语词汇13000－15000。

b. 大胆猜测不认识的生词---根据上下文, 构词法等

At first I attributed this new habit to advancing age---I had recently

turned 40---and glumly concluded that I was becoming morbid. But why,

then, was I finding my secret rite so uplifting?

起初，我将这个习惯归咎于年岁渐增的缘故（当时我刚40岁），所

以我悲哀地认为这是一种病态心理。可是究竟为什么我竟对这个秘

密仪式如此兴味盎然呢？

2) 熟词多义性确定词义的办法：

a. 根据不同搭配

b. 根据上下文

c. 根据逻辑意义

① A winner can be spontaneous. He does not have to respond in

predetermined, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation

calls for it.

* 一个成功者可以是自发的/ 天生的。（能够顺势而发。）他不以事

先设定的呆板的方式应对事情。他能根据形势需要改变计划。

②I believe the eight dead journalists are policy.

* 我相信那八个死去的记者是政策。（八个记者的死亡是有计划的谋

杀。）

2. 语法问题：理不出主谓宾；弄不清词之间修饰和限定的关系

（见下例）

3. 复杂句子结构问题：

1）找不出主干

2）理不出分支

3）弄不清层次

4）理不清关系（或逻辑）

a. It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue

prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion

that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.

* 很奇怪地看到美国人多么热情地追求财富，多么受到阴影怀疑的折

磨，他们可能没有选择最短的道路获得财富。

主干：to watch …is odd.

第一层分支：watch后的宾语从句：

①what feverish ardor the Americans…(感叹句)

②and how they are ever tormented…to get it. （感叹句）

第二层分支：suspicion后带定语从句that they may not have chosen

the shortest route to get it.

4．文化知识问题：对词或词组望文生义，不知其所蕴涵的文化意义。

a. In certain remote corners of Old World you may sometimes stumble upon

little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult

and which have stayed still while all around them moves.

* 在古老的世界的某些遥远的角落，有时你会碰见一些看起来在普遍喧闹中被遗忘的小地方，周围都在运动，他们却静止着。

b. Martin Buber expresses this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who

on his deathbed sees himself as loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world

to come, he will not be asked why he wasn’t Moses; he will be asked why

he wasn’t himself.

* 马丁.布伯当他重述一个犹太大博士（兔子）在死的时候认为自己是一个失败者的故事表明了这个观点。这个大博士哀悼道，在要到来的

世界里，他将不会被人们为什么他不是摩斯（莫尔斯），而会被问为

什么他不是他自己。

二）表达问题

1. 用词不当，因词害义

2．句式不符合译入语的表达习惯

a. In certain remote corners of Old World you may sometimes stumble upon

little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult and which have stayed still while all around them moves.

* 在古老的世界的某些遥远的角落，有时你会碰见一些看起来在普遍喧

闹中被遗忘的小地方，周围都在运动，他们却静止着。

b. A winner is not afraid to do his thinking and to use his own knowledge.

* 一个成功者不害怕独立思考和用他自己的知识。

c. 这王冕天生聪明，年纪不满二十岁，就把那天文、地理、经史上的大

学问无一不精通。

* This Wang Mian was born with genius. He was less than 20 years old and no

one he did not know to the great learning in astronomy, geography, the

economy and history.

Cf. Wang Mian had genius/ was born with genius. While still in his teens, he

mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history.

五、翻译实例分析

一）英译汉

1.英语长句的翻译

要点：

理解：捋出主干，梳理分支；分清层次，理清关系；把握篇章，弄清含义。

表达：长句分译，转换调整；条件因果，先分后总；选词造句；注意逻辑；

词句表达，习惯第一。

A. 实例分析

1）Sept.11delivered both a shock and a surprise--- the attack, and our response to it--- and we can argue forever over which mattered more.

“9．11”事件既令人感到震惊，也令人感到意外。震惊的是攻击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应。至于说这两者哪个更重要，人们也许会永远争论下去。

2）The study, published in the current issue of the Journal of Experiment Education, found significant increases in ninth-grade math test score among the students who had spent early grades in smaller classes, with the gains even more pronounced among minority students. (40words)

发表在最近一期《实验教育杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些在低年级以小班上课的学生在九年级数学测试的成绩有明显的提高，尤其是少数族裔的学生的提高更为明显。

3）Lulled by the gentle motion and soothed by the rippling music of the waves the babies soon fell asleep.

船儿轻轻摇荡，波声潺潺悦耳，小孩们很快就进入梦乡。

翻译方法：

1）顺序法

Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

人类把自己和其它动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代生存下来。

2）逆序法

And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.

由于收到顽强地抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。

3）分译法

The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.

在关于昨天选举结果地新闻发布会上，总统说他解释不了为什么共和党如此大的惨败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。

4）综合法

But without Adolf Hitler who was possessed of demonic personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and—until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he over reached himself—an amazing capacity to size up people and situations there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.

然而，如果没有阿道夫.希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。

因为希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗石般的意志、不可思议的本能，无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想像力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，所以终遭惨败。

2. 篇章翻译

首先快速通读整篇原文（包括没划线的部分）一遍，弄清文章的话题及要旨，以确定遣词造句的文体风格。然后精读需要翻译的划线部分，弄清每个句子意思和句与句之间的逻辑关系，翻译时适当增添必要的连接词语或省略不必译出的连接词。最后，将译文默读一遍，看意义是否忠实原文，语句是否通顺流畅。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese.

●Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels.The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.

Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when h e spoke of “the pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure,to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

努力乃其实质。除了征服需毕生为之努力的困难外（如果不努力迎战人生中的困难），（也就）没有任何快乐可言。正如叶芝所言，除了不可为的事情外，我们一生所获得的满足有多大，则取决于我们所选择的困难有多强。罗怕特·弗罗斯特在谈及“承受痛苦时的快乐”（“努力时的快乐”/ “辛苦时的甜蜜”）时，其意相近（此话与叶芝所言几乎如同一撤）。社会上宣扬那种幸福观的致命缺陷就在于声称幸福是无需努力即可获得的。

我们即使在玩游戏的时候也需要有困难，因为没有难度，就谈不上游戏。所谓游戏，就是为了从某事中取乐而使之变得很难的一种方式（游戏就是要设置困难而从中获取乐趣的一种方式）。制定订游戏规则是任意地施加难度（游戏规则就是施以强制性的困难）。若有人破坏（败坏）了游戏的乐趣，通常是因为他拒绝按规则进行（那一定是他在玩时不遵守游戏规则所致）。如果可以自由随意地改变规则，你会更容易（较轻易）地赢得棋赛（棋局），但是，乐趣源于在规则内取胜。没有了难度（困难），也就没有了乐趣。

●If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death”, they must b elieve that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely -- a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life was still to be taken.

History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.

如果人们在使用“死不逢时”这一表达时确有所指的话，那他们一定是认为有些人去世的日子比另外一些人更为适宜。人门几乎从不把老年人的去世称作是“死不逢时”，原因是人们一般认为长寿意味着生命圆满。但是．当一个年轻人不幸谢世．人们就会假想其一生中最美好的岁月还在后头，对其一生的评价仍有待作出。

历史当然不认同这种想法。提起早逝的杰出人物，人们会想起玛丽莲.梦露和詹姆土．迪恩。他们的生命虽然短暂，却同样完满。作家们无法承受约翰.济慈二十六岁就英年早逝的事实，当他们过了那个年龄时只是半开玩笑地评判自己碌碌无为。倘若我们认为一个人因为半途夭折就是事业未竟，是十分荒谬的，因为衡量生命的标准是其留给世界的影响以及它的强度和美德。

（对以上译文你也可以提出自己的译法）

二）汉译英

1. 句子翻译

A. 外位语结构的翻译

在汉语中，独立于句外，同时又和句中的某个成分指同一事物的成分叫做外位语。

1）对应法，即套用汉语含有外位语结构的句子的框架。

把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义,这是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。

To integrate the universal truth of Marxism with concrete realities of China, blaze a path of our own and build socialism with Chinese characteristics--- this is the basic conclusion we have reached in summing up the long historical experience.

2) 拆句法，即将外位语结构变成一个独立的句子或并列分句。

健全自己的身体，保持合理的规律生活，这是自我修养的物资基础。

Keep fit, lead a reasonable and regular life. This is the material basis for training.

3) 还原法，即把外位结构改变成句中一个成分。

能不能尽快地把科学技术搞上去，这是关系到社会主义建设全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。

Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.

4）转化法，即将外位语结构转化为名词从句或不定式短语，置于作逻辑主语，而用it作形式主语。

敌人的武力是不能征服我们的，这点已经得到证明了。

It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms.

B.无主句的翻译

在汉语中，只有谓语部分而没有主语部分的句子叫无主句。这是汉语中特有的一种句型。

1）译成英语被动结构

a.书的封面上印着一个猎人的像。

The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover of the book.

b. 发现错误，一定得改正。

Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.

2）采用There + be…, It +be …+to…等结构

a. 没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。

Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there

would be also no facility.

b. 究竟能不能巩固呢?

Is it possible to consolidate them?

3) 采用倒装语序

在游廊得最左端，靠近一道门，却坐着一位将近三十岁的男子。

Close by the door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.

4) 选用适当的名词或代词补出主语

a. 弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost.

b. 不承认这一条真理，就不是唯物主义者。

Anyone who does not recognize this truth is no materialist.

C. “把”字句的翻译

汉语“把”字句在结构上用特殊介词“把”字将宾语引出，放在谓语动词之前而构成的一种汉语特有的句型。在意义和作用上，“把”字句是主动句，主要表达主语怎么“处置”的意思，另外还表达“致使”、“对待”等含意。

1）含“处置”意思的“把”字句：利用英语“动词＋宾语＋补语”结构来翻译。

我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆过了。

A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.

2) 含有“致使”意思的“把”字句：宾语之后接“忙”、“累”、“急”、“气”、“吓”等加上补语。

你怎么来得这么晚？真把人急死啦！

Why are you so late? We were worried to death about you.

3) 表示“把甲当乙”的“把”字句：利用英语“动词＋宾语＋as/ for 宾语”结构来翻译。

村里人不把我当外人。

People in the village didn’t treat me as a stranger.

4) 带有双宾语的“把”字句：英译时，双宾都置于动词之后。可用“动词＋间宾＋直宾”或“动词＋直宾＋to +间宾”结构来翻译。

a. 我们把水泵借给他们了。

We lent them the pumps.

b. 他们把消息告诉了他们遇到的每一个人。

They told the news to everybody they met.

D 汉语长句的翻译

汉语长句与英语长句在结构上不同。英语长句是由主干＋分支，即主语＋谓语扩展而来的。英语重形合，句子再长，只含一个主语和谓语（主句的），统领全句，其它成分往往通过各种连接手段（如使用介词、连词、关系代词和关系副词等）同主谓成分挂钩建句。而汉语重意合，其句子结构松散，如行云流水，句子主谓较难辨认，尤其长句如此。句子之间常常缺乏应有的连接词将其相连，所以句子及语篇要靠逻辑意义和逻辑顺序来维系。在时间上重视时间的先后顺序，在逻辑上重视前后因果关系。

汉语长句翻译可采取如下三种方法：

1）原序翻译

上海针织公司由3个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌’, 公司每年销售额达13亿人民币。

Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale, and with several well-known local bands such as

“Chrysanthemem”, “Swan”and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3billion yuan RMB.

2) 分译（拆译或断句）

a.含疑问、感叹或反诘句

盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上清风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！

No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trial through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws

from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress.

How cool it is!

b.含比方句

以农民为例，他们更乐于使用科学种田法，由于种植杂交水稻面积的增加，单位面积的产量也增加了。

Take the peasants for example. They are now more eager to use scientific methods for farming. The amount of land devoted to hybrid rice has risen so that the per-mu yield has gone up considerably.

c.含概括句

灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前仆后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。

For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughter of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people.

This moves us to songs and tears.

d.含对立句

与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。

The opinions of the attendants were far from unanimous about this issue so that some of them began to quarrel with each other. The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.

e.含有多层意义

漫步山间时，听得四处竹林间的潺潺泉声，众多的细泉汇成一条狭长而深邃的小溪，顺山势而下，及至悬崖处，猛然跌落二、三丈，形成一瀑布，水珠飞溅，凉透肌肤。

Strolling along the path you can hear spring singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. Several little springs assemble into a narrow but deep little river, running along the mountainside. Meeting a small cliff, it falls down twenty or thirty feet with drops splashing, forming a thin water curtain which gently covers your skin.

3) 变序翻译

凡外商投资企业有能力也愿意与天津市工业企业通过技术转让、引进人才、技术帮助、经济支持等途径共同开发国家统一经营以外的制成品，特别是开发机电产品和精细化工产品，并通过外方的销售渠道直接为外国公司提供制成品，可以向市外经贸委申请扩大联合开发的业务。

Where an enterprise is willing and able to develop the finished products that are

not subject to the unified operation by the State through joint efforts with the industrial enterprises in Tianjin, particularly in respect of machinery and electronic products and refined chemical products, by means of technology transfer, introduction of technical personnel, technical assistance and economic support, and to provide for foreign companies the finished products through the sales channel of the foreign parties, they may apply to the Municipal Commission of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade for the expansion of the business of joint development.

丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就不积累或者少积累一点。

Accumulate more in good years and less or none in years when the crops half fail or totally fail

2. 篇章翻译

弄清原意，准确表达，灵活掌握，适当替代；语句结构，主谓完整，语序排列，适当调整；书写规范，标点正确。

范例分析

Part IV Translation

A. Chinese to English:

1. 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨的家园。这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。(2002)

如下这篇翻译你觉得如何？可以打多少分？（满分为10分）

The great nature gives the people charity equally, no matter they are rich or poor. So people to the great nature, all of them depend on it deeply. Especially in the countryside, people have been living a changeless life since a thousand years. Plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, raise and milk cows, weed and cultivate flowers; on weekends go to church for prayers and religions services; during the holidays play the musical instrument and dance and sing in the square. The countryside of the past days still are today’s happy home yard. Thus every place has its own legend, and its customs pass on.

斜体字部分是有问题的，你发现是什么问题？

The great nature gives the people charity equally, no matter they are rich or poor. So people to the great nature, all of them depend on it deeply. Especially in the countryside, people have been living a changeless life since a thousand years. Plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, raise and milk cows, weed and cultivate flowers; on weekends go to church for prayers and religions services; during the holidays play the musical instrument and dance and sing in the square. The countryside of the past days still are today’s happy homeyard. Thus every place has its own legend, and its customs pass on.

参考译文：注意语句的结构和措辞

Nature favors people alike, whether they are rich and poor. Thus all people depend on it, unanimously and profoundly. Especially in the countryside, people have been living a changeless life for thousands of years: planting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wine, raising and milking cows, weeding and cultivating flowers; going to church on weekends for prayers and religions services; playing the musical instrument, dancing and singing on the square during the holidays. The countryside of the past days remains to be the beloved homeland of today. Thus, each place has its own legend, and subsequently, its customs pass on from generation to the next.

2. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打人冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

dote on /upon sb.

make a pet of sb.

love me too much

have my way at home

be self-willed/ willful

can do anything I like

isolated and confined (not: separated or segregated or be taken into custody)

be neglected and become very depressed (not: be put into the cold palace)

catch/get a glimpse of (not: peep at )

wonderful and bustling scene in the garden ( not: the big world, the boundless

universe or kaleidoscopic

world)

coming and going among the guests

running and sporting in the crowd

be bursting with happiness/joy

be radiant with joy/ delight

Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot. I could have my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. For a time, guests gathered there, cheering and laughing. I quietly lifted the curtain of the chamber and caught a glimpse of the wonderful and bustling scene in the garden. I saw my brothers, sisters and cousins were all there, radiant with joy. All of a sudden, I was possessed by the feeling of being abandoned. Struck by both grief and indignation, I couldn’t help crying bitterly.

3. 山居生活寂寞单调，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是难堪。从小镇买来的带有玻璃罩的油灯光芒是微弱的。为了获得更多的光亮，我试用废弃的瓶瓶罐罐制作了形态不一的小油灯。

Life in the mountain village was boring and always made one feel lonely, and the cold and dark winter night was even harder. The glass-tube oil lamp bought in the town gave out only very feeble light. In order to get more light, I tried and made many little oil lamps of various shapes with all kinds of used bottles and pots.

4. 逢年过节，把屋子收拾利索，长了能维持几个月，短了不消几天，屋子又乱了，主要是书在捣乱，到处是书堆。外出总禁不住要逛书店，逛书店就不可能不买书。

Before every New Year or major celebration, there would be a general cleaning. The room could usually kept tidy for couple of months, but often it was a matter of a few days before the room was a mess again, and that was mainly due to those books, piles of books, everywhere. Whenever I was out on business, I could not help going to bookstores, and once I was there, I could never resist the temptation of buying books.

历年专业八级考试真题：翻译

历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文： 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支

英语翻译作业

安乐死（个案研究） 达克斯柯沃特 在一次严重的汽车爆炸事故之后，达克斯柯沃特就一直忍受着身体被强烈灼伤的痛苦。他说：“我承受着如此剧烈的痛苦以至于在事故爆发前的几个月我就已经不想再活下去了”。在此后长达数十年的痛苦治疗中，达克斯反复要求他的医生，亲人，朋友帮助他结束他痛苦的人生。达克斯失去了双目和双手，但是其他的身体器官还是健康的，目前，他正在从事律师的工作。他始终坚信，他安乐死的要求被拒绝是错误的，鉴于此，一个有关本案的包括达克斯本人，他的医生以及他的朋友和家庭成员在内的互动小组正在被建立起来。 戴安娜普瑞特 戴安娜普瑞特患有运动神经元疾病，而且面临着一个她并不想面对的痛苦的死亡。她说，“我想在我的家人的陪伴下，选择一种快速的，没有痛苦的死亡方式”。她向英国法院进行呼吁，不过没有成功，最终，欧盟人权法院允许她的丈夫对她进行安乐死。 杰克科沃基安医生 因为拍摄快要死亡的病人的眼睛，科沃基安医生赢得了“死亡医生”的称号。在他以后的职业生涯中，他开始为病患提供“死亡指导”，当绝症患者意识到他在帮助人们安乐死的时候，越来越多的人们开始来到他这里，尽管有一些失败的诉讼案件，但是科沃基安医生还是帮助了超过130人实施了安乐死。 科沃基安医生认为仅仅帮助他人去死是不够的，他杀死了一个叫托马斯的人，并把他的死亡过程拍摄成了一部六十分钟长的纪录片，最终，他在自己的工作室被铺，并且由于在法庭上他没有成功的对自己的行为进行无罪辩护，他被判处10-25年的有期徒刑，他在2006年成为末期与C型肝炎病患者，并要求被赦免。 以上内容来自BBC网站 案例一：托尼布兰德，1989年 当约克郡Airedale 医院的医生们要求高等法院准许他们撤销安插在

最新近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-

2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.

近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-

20０7年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C－Ｅ：暮色中,河湾里落满云霞，与天际得颜色混合一起，分不清哪就是流云哪就是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂得图画旁边，在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,瞧一眼这美丽得黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家得最后一刻再次咀嚼。这就是黄河滩上得一幕。牧羊人不见了，她不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚得，像些胖娃娃.如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱得神情,洁白得牙齿,那丰富而单纯得表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限得怜悯。 Besｉde tｈis pictuｒｅwithｐｒoｆuｓiｏnｓof colorｓ, a grｏup of sheｅp aｒe lｏwing tｈeir heads,ｅａｔing by ｔｈe riｖer bank、Hardly ｎone oｆｔｈｅｍwｏulｄspare sｏme timｅto raise their eyes tｏhａve a glaｎcｅat the bｅａutifｕｌdusk、Ｔhｅｙare, perhaps,takinｇuse oｆｅvery miｎuteｔo enjｏy ｔheｉr lasｔcｈew befoｒe bｅｉng drｉven home、This is a piｃtｕｒe ｏｆthe Yｅｌｌow River baｎk，iｎwhｉch the shepherd diｓapｐeａrs，ａnｄno onｅknoｗs where he is rｅｓｔｉｎg hｉmsｅlf、Only the ｓheep，ｈｏｗｅver,as free creatures，ａrｅ ｊoｙfullｙaｐｐreciating ｔhｅdｕsk、Tｈe exubeｒant wａte ｒpｌants ｈaｖe nｕｔritedｔｈｅshｅep, ｍaｋing ｔhem

专八历年翻译答案

专八翻译 第一部分汉译英 1.2000年试题 中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。 世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。 世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。 中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆。它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。 The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which show through fossils and specimens the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms. Those of the second generation are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements made in various periods of the industrial age. These two types of museums, while functioning as disseminators of scientific knowledge, treat their visitors as mere viewers. Science museums of the third generation are entirely different from their predecessors. They stress visitor participation, encouraging those interested to make detailed study of the exhibits on their own by trying their hands on them. The experience so gained will enable them to understand advanced technologies better and help them in their quest for what is still unknown in science （陶文好李孚声，《2000年英语专业八级汉译英词汇误译心理认知分析》，《上海科技翻译》，2001年第1期第36-41页） 2.2001年试题 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” 译文 1 In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness w hich exert a special appeal.” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s

英文翻译练习作业

英文翻译练习（一） The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.

十年专八翻译真题附答案

2013汉译英 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine；people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it，the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood，which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste，the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life，which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed，the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind，leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine：the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows，just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years，it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity，just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉 联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英 痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的 数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛

专八历年翻译

英语专业八级考试翻译历年真题汇总 1998年E-C: I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all. To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert(断言、声称)that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step(同步). At any given moment(在任何时候) the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification(限制、限定、资格) to precede(领先、超前) the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree(唯一只是在程度上), sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence(分歧、差异) is a subtle (微妙的)affair, liable(有可能的) to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses (重要的感觉)grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation(疏远关系), as when we hail(打招呼) a person across the street, only to discover from his blank(没有表情的) response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. 参考译文(翻译第二段)： 因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时，旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑，见到

英语翻译作业

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。

近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案

英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考谜底 令狐采学 CE:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在垂头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发明它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而纯真的脸色。如果稍稍长久一点打量这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls.

2016专八真题翻译题及答案详解

2016年专八翻译题及答案详解 “流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。 【参考译文1】 They have found that the flowing water,either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the young become the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturallyhave a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by,no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “liushi” to warn thelater generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word. 【参考译文2】 They find that either a murmuring stream or a mighty river has gone forever and that the passage of time turns a young man into an old one, and yellows of the grass, which sends a massage of how time flies. Maybe the passing of time is slow. But no matter how slow it is, it makes people so fearful that they use “passage” to warn the later generations to rush. And the use of “passage” also infuses a sense of tension into the word. 【参考译文3】

英语专业八级翻译练习题

英语专业八级翻译练习题 1．英译汉 1) Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的"高层次"，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。 殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特弗罗斯特言及"以苦为乐"时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。 即便于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要它，因为设若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋；如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则，这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于，应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。 2)

英语翻译作业1

一、改译 宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers) 自学self learn(study on one’s self) 彩票colorful tickets(lottery) 救火save a fire(Firefighting) (电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash) 吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen) 风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark) 太平门safe door(emergency exit) 三角债triangle debts(chain debts) 扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on) 文化程度cultural degree(education level) 抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up) 来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads) 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English) 胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译 大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean 猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog 挥金如土Spend money like water 易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand 打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake 呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken 千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step 瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest . 跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple 三、重点翻译 她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非 She always makes mischief between neighbors. 她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师 She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school. 正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 True friend is who provides you timely help. 我要有个三长两短，你给我娘捎个话 If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage. 留得青山在，不愁没柴烧 As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. 你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙 他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已 His promise to you just a blank check. 我喜欢那套房子，但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远 I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.