英文翻译译文模板

南京师范大学泰州学院

年级： 08 学号： 09080631 姓名：徐开伟

系部：信息工程学院

专业：计算机科学与技术

题目：个人家庭理财系统

指导教师：苏州索迪

2012 年 4 月 20 日

What's New in the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Introduction

The .NET Compact Framework version 2.0 offers many improvements over its predecessor, the .NET Compact Framework version 1.0. Although the improvements are widespread, they all focus on the common goals of improving developer productivity, providing greater compatibility with the full .NET Framework and increasing support for device features. This article provides a high-level summary of the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 changes and enhancements.

User Interface

The relatively small size of smart device displays requires that applications use the available space efficiently, which historically has required that developers spend a great deal of time designing and implementing an application's user interface. Recent advances in smart display capabilities, such as high-resolution and multiple orientation support have made the job of user interface development even more challenging. To simplify the task of creating application user interfaces, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides the many new features that are described in this section.

Windows Forms Controls

At the heart of the user interface are the controls; the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides a number of new controls. These new controls consist of controls that

the .NET Compact Framework has in common with the full .NET Framework in addition to controls that are specific to devices.

MonthCalendar

The MonthCalendar control is a customizable calendar control that provides a visual display of dates and is useful for providing a graphical way for users to select dates. DateTimePicker

The DateTimePicker control is a customizable control for displaying and allowing users to enter date and time information. It is especially well suited for smart device applications due to its combination of a compact display and graphical date selection format. When displaying information, the DateTimePicker control renders similar to a text box; however, when the user is selecting a date, a pop-up calendar similar to the MonthCalendar control can be displayed. WebBrowser

The WebBrowser control encapsulates the device Web browser, providing rich display capabilities and exposing a variety of events that allow your application to both track the user's interaction with the Web browser content in addition to allowing your application to provide customized behaviors for these events.

Notification

The Notification control encapsulates the Pocket PC's notification feature that allows applications to send the user a notification without changing the context of the user's current activity. The notification text can be plain text or HTML. In addition to displaying information, notifications can receive input from the user by including HTML buttons and links in the HTML text of the notification.

DocumentList

The DocumentList control provides a standard mechanism for displaying and managing files such as that which is used when opening files in Excel Mobile and Word Mobile. The DocumentList control provides the user with the ability to navigate around the file system and to delete, copy, move, and rename files. The user can also use the DocumentList control to send

e-mail messages and send files by means of infrared to other devices.

DataGrid on Smartphone

Smartphone now supports the DataGrid control. Just like Pocket PC, the DataGrid control on Smartphone supports configurable column sizes, multiple display styles, data binding, null value handling, and events to track user cell selections.

LinkLabel

The LinkLabel control is a label control that is capable of displaying one or more hyperlinks. Splitter

The Splitter control is a splitter bar that provides resizing capability to docked controls. ToolBar

The ToolBar control is Windows toolbar that is capable of displaying images as buttons. User Controls

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 now supports user controls. With the addition of user controls, .NET Compact Framework 2.0 applications can now create controls graphically within Visual Studio 2005 and, just as the full .NET Framework, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 user controls automatically appear on the control Toolbox and can be placed on forms by using drag-and-drop.

Display and Layout Management

The wide variety of Windows Mobile form factors that are now available requires that application developers develop application user interfaces to be much more dynamic than in the past. To simplify the task of creating dynamic user interfaces, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides many new layout and management features.

Control Docking

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 controls now support docking. Docking a control places it against the edge of the parent control—filling that edge. As the parent control is resized, the

docked control automatically resizes to always fill the specified edge of the parent control. Controls can also be docked to fill the entire parent.

Control Anchoring

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 controls also support anchoring. Anchoring a control identifies that one or more sides of the control should remain a fixed distance from the corresponding edge or edges of the parent control. As the parent control is resized, the control automatically resizes so the anchored sides of the control remain the appropriate distance from the corresponding edges of the parent control.

Automatic Scrolling

The Form and Panel control—in addition to other controls that inherit from the ScrollableControl control—now provide the AutoScroll property. When set to true, the control automatically provides a scroll bar to allow the user to scroll to any child controls that are outside the control's visible boundary.

Automatic Scaling

All ContainerControl derived controls, such as the Form control, now provide the AutoScaleMode property. The AutoScaleMode property indicates how the control should render when it is displayed on a resolution different than the resolution it was originally designed for. When set to AutoScrollMode.Dpi, all child controls of the container control are scaled to match the runtime display's resolution. A value of AutoScaleMode.None indicates that no automatic scaling will be done, making the application responsible to render correctly on the different resolutions.

SuspendLayout and ResumeLayout

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Control class now supports the SuspendLayout and ResumeLayout methods. Just as in the full .NET Framework, these methods are used in conjunction with one another to group multiple layout events, such as repositioning or resizing a series of child controls.

Graphics DpiX and DpiY properties

The Graphics class now provides information as to the resolution of the current device display. The DpiX property indicates the number of horizontal dots per inch, and DpiY indicates the number of vertical dots per inch.

Custom Drawing

To simplify the creation of rich user interfaces, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 has added a number of features that allow applications to much more easily handle custom drawing. Rotatable Fonts

The addition of the LogFont class to the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides support for displaying text at an angle and for incorporating other text effects.

Custom Pens

Applications can now create pens of a specific color and size.

Bitmaps

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides many enhancements for working with bitmaps. Enhancements include providing more options when creating bitmaps and having the ability to save a bitmap to a file or stream.

Applications can more easily view and manipulate bitmaps through the combination of the LockBits and UnlockBits methods with the newly added BitmapData class. For applications needing to share bitmaps between managed and native code, you can now retrieve a handle to the native bitmap object through the GetHbitmap method.

DirectX

Windows Mobile 5.0 software includes a number of rich two-dimensional and

three-dimensional drawing features through its native implementation of the DirectX application programming interfaces (APIs). For .NET Compact Framework 2.0 developers who target Windows Mobile 5.0–based devices, the DirectX feature set is available through the classes contained in the "Microsoft.Windows.DirectX" namespace and corresponding assembly. Keyboard Management

An increasing number of smart devices now include keyboards. To allow managed developers to take advantage of the available keyboards，the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides enhanced support for keyboards.

Note Some of the features mentioned in this section were added as part of the .NET Compact Framework 1.0 service packs but are mentioned here to be sure that everyone is aware that they are available.

Tab Support

Controls now support a tab order allowing application users to move between controls by pressing the tab key.

Keyboard Events and Form.KeyPreview

Controls now receive KeyUp, KeyDown, and KeyPress events. In addition, the Form control now provides the KeyPreview property. When set to false, keyboard events are sent directly to the control. When KeyPreview is set to true, all keyboard events are sent to the Form instance prior to being sent to the control that currently has focus. The Form instance can prevent an event from being sent to the control with focus by setting the KeyPressEventArgs.Handled property to true in the Form instance's corresponding event handler.

Data

Data is of course a central part of any application. Whether relational, data-oriented classes have a direct effect on the level of programming effort that is required to access and work with

data. The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides a number of new data classes in addition to new features to existing classes.

Updatable, Scrollable Access to SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides a new class for accessing a SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition (SQL Mobile) database, SqlCeResultSet. The new SqlCeResultSet class provides scrolling and updatable access directly to the SQL Mobile database. This access provides a much faster and more resource-efficient solution for accessing SQL Mobile data than the DataSet class. Like the DataSet class, SqlCeResultSet can be used as a data binding source. DataSet

The DataSet class and related classes provide a number of new features. These features not only provide enhanced functionality but also bring the .NET Compact Framework DataSet class more in line with that of the full .NET Framework.

GetChanges and Merge Methods

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 adds the GetChanges and Merge methods to the DataSet class. The GetChanges method returns a copy of DataSet that contains all of the changes since AcceptChanges was last called. The returned DataSet is optimized for merging.

The Merge method merges one DataSet into another. It is particularly useful for merging changes from one DataSet, returned by the GetChanges method, into another.

Copy Method

The .NET Compact Framework DataSet class now provides the Copy method. The Copy method returns a new DataSet containing the same structure and data as the original. DataTables Serialization

The DataTable class now provides the WriteXml and ReadXml methods, which provide XML serialization and deserialization of individual tables. Also the addition of serialization and deserialization support allows DataTables to be passed as Web service arguments.

XML

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides a number of enhancements to the XML–related classes. These enhancements both simplify the process of working with XML data and also bring the .NET Compact Framework XML–related classes much more in line with those available in the full .NET Framework.

XPath Support

The XmlDocument class now supports the SelectSingleNode and SelectNodes methods—both of which provide the ability to search the document using XPath.

XML Serialization

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 adds the XmlSerializer class along with the related attribute classes, such as XmlElement and XmlAttribute. Using XmlSerializer allows you to save and restore classes to and from XML.

The new XmlSerializer class is also used internally by the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Web service proxy base classes. The new XmlSerializer class provides substantially improved performance over the mechanism used by the .NET Compact Framework 1.0 to serialize and deserialize Web service arguments thereby providing improved Web service call performance. XML Schema

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 now provides the XmlSchema class and related classes

for working with XML schema documents. These classes can also be used to dynamically generate schemas.

Data Binding

The new data binding class, BindingSource, is included in the .NET Compact Framework 2.0. The BindingSource is normally layered between one or more data bound controls and a data binding source. When used, the BindingSource class simplifies data binding by providing a layer of indirection and adding currency management, change events, and more. Communications

Communications is an important part of virtually every smart device application.

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 has added several new classes to simplify common communications requirements as well as providing entirely new capabilities. In addition to the new communications classes, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 also includes improvements to existing classes.

Web Services

As noted earlier, the new XmlSerializer class substantially improves the performance of Web service calls by providing a much faster XML serialization and deserialization of Web service arguments.

In addition to the performance improvements, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Web service classes now provide support for SOAP version 1.2.

MSMQ

For application developers who want to take advantage of the asynchronous messaging features of MSMQ, the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 provides the classes in the

"System.Messaging" namespace. These classes provide support for sending and receiving messages including using transactions to create atomic operations.

Serial Ports

To reduce the programming effort that is required when working with serial ports,

the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 includes the SerialPort class. The SerialPort class provides a simplified abstraction over serial communications ports that provides a number of features that simplify monitoring and configuring serial ports. The serial port also simplifies sending and receiving data with serial ports—including the automatic encoding and decoding of data sent to and received from the port.

IPv6 Support

The .NET Compact Framework 2.0 networking classes now provide support for IPv6 in addition to IPv4.

Conclusion

Hopefully this summary has given you a good idea about the many new features available to smart device developers by using the .NET Compact Framework 2.0. For those topics for which you'd like more details, check out the documentation and MSDN. Detailed articles about each of the topics addressed in this article are or will soon be available on MSDN.

学士学位证书及毕业证英文翻译模板

学士学位证书及毕业证英文翻译模板 BACHELOR’S DE GREE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. Wang Danli, born in October 1977, has studied in the Department of Law, xxx University with a specialty of Law from September 1996 to June 2000. Upon completing and passing all the required courses of the 4-year undergraduate program, she is granted graduation. In accordance with the academic degree act of the People’s Republic of China, the aforesaid student is awarded the Bachelor’s Degree in Law. xxx Chairman of Degree Appraising Committee of xx University June 30, 2000 Certificate No.: 103354003888 [ Last edited by rachel4176 on 2005-6-22 at 21:14 ] 毕业证书翻译模板 DIPLOMA This is to certify that Ms. Wang Lan, born on February 29, 1980, has studied in the Department of Foreign Languages,xxxUniversity with a specialty of English from September 1997 to June 2000. Upon completing and passing all the required courses of the 4-year undergraduate program, she is granted graduation. xx President of xx University Registration No.: 298168015 Date Issued: June 30, 2000

英文翻译模板-(户口本全本)

Household Register Under Supervision of the Ministry of Public Security of P. R. C. ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorney ship of a citizen and the

relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the householder and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The householder shall take the household register in safekeeping; the household register is prohibited to be altered, transferred and leased. When the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority; any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the household register shall be turned in and cancelled. Record of Dwelling Address Alteration

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

各种奖项、证书的英文翻译

各种奖项、证书的英文翻译

各种奖项、证书（七大类） 一、国家及校级奖项、称号 国家奖学金 National Scholarship 国家励志奖学金 National Encouragement scholarship 三好学生标兵 Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生 Merit Student 学习优秀生 Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖 Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人 Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者 Excellent staff 优秀学生干部 Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员 Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生 Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者 Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体 Advanced Class 优秀团干 Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部 Outstanding cadres of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人 Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人 Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人 Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人 Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖 Ethic Award 精神文明奖 High Morality Prize 最佳组织奖 Prize for The Best Organization 突出贡献奖 Prize for The Outstanding Contribution 工作创新奖 Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖 Prize for The Team Contribution

完整户口本英文翻译模板

ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorneyship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.

英文论文翻译

汲水门大桥有限元模型的分析 By Q. W. Zhang, T. Y. P. Chang,and C. C. Chang 摘要：本文提出的有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的实施，是位于香港的430米主跨双层斜拉桥。通过三维有限元预测和现场振动测试，对该桥的动力特性进行了研究，。在本文中，建立的有限元模型的更新，是基于实测的动态特性。一个全面的灵敏度研究证明各种结构参数（包括连接和边界条件）的影响是在其所关注的模式进行，根据一组的结构参数，然后选择调整。有限元模型的更新在一个迭代的方式以减少之间的预测和测量频率的差异。最后更新的有限元模型，使汲水门大桥能在良好的协议与所测量的固有频率状态，并可以进行更精确的动态响应预测。 简介： 汲水门大桥（图1），位于大屿山及香港湾岛之间，是世界上最长的斜拉桥，是公路交通和铁路交通两用桥梁。为确保其结构的完整性和操作安全性，桥梁已经配备了一个相当复杂的监测系统，包括仪器参数如加速度传感器，位移传感器，液位传感器，温度传感器，应变计，风速仪（Lau and Wong 1997）。由Chang 等人通过有限元预测和现场振动测量对该桥的动力特性进行了研究（2001）。三维有限元（FE）模型，它是基于非线性弹性梁元件构建的塔和甲板上的桁架单元，电缆，和弹性或刚性连接的连接和边界约束[图1（d）]。桥面，包括钢/混凝土框架结构在大跨度和梯形箱梁的中心部分的剩余部分，是使用一个单一的脊柱通过剪切中心桥面的。由于截面的非整体性，通过一个虚拟的等效单片材料来表示复合甲板。这是通过等效的整体桥面的质量和刚度性能检核的复合甲板了。由Chang证明（1998），对截面模量的计算细节可以通过改变报告发现。电缆，另一方面，使用的是线性弹性桁架单元模拟。非线性效应由于电缆张力和下垂的电缆进行线性化，采用弹性刚度等效模量的概念考虑。有限元模型包括464个梁单元，176个桁架单元，和615个节点，总共有1536个自由度。 一般的有限元建模，给出了该桥的物理和模态特性进行详细的描述，而现场振动测试则是作为（理想化的）有限元模型评估基础信息的重要来源。有限元计算结果与现场振动试验表明在自然频率合理的相关性和桥的振型。然而，在预测

翻译资料英语

FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1

工程设计资质证书英文版翻译模板

Engineering Design Qualification Certificate License Registration Number: 注册号Expiry Date: 有效期至 Company Name ：公司名称 Qualification Grade: Class A in Construction Engineering Available to undertake construction decoration, engineering design, building curtain wall engineering design, light steel structure engineering design, intelligent building system design, lighting engineering design, fire control facilities engineering design, and the corresponding design business within the qualification certificate scope. Available to undertake the construction of a plant and general contracting business and that is related to technology and management services of project management within the qualification certificate scope.

论文中英文翻译

An Analysis of Cooperative Principles and Humorous Effects in Friend s 合作原则的分析和在朋友的幽默效应 Humor is a very intriguing and fascinating phenomenon of human society, which is multidimensional, complex and all pervasive. Therefore, many scholars and experts at all times and in all over the world have done profound research on humor. 幽默是人类社会的一个非常有趣和引人入胜的现象，这是多方面的，复杂和无孔不入的。所以，在任何时候，在世界各地的许多学者和专家总是对幽默进行深入的研究。 The significant functions of humor have aroused the interest of many scholars. About 2,000 years ago, people began the research on humor. However, the study of humor is not a simple task for the reason that it is an interdisciplinary science drawing upon a wide range of academic disciplines including biology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, geography, history, linguistics, literature, education, family science, and film studies and so on. Moreover, there are different reasons and purposes for humor. One may wish to be sociable, cope better, seem clever, solve problems, make a critical point, enhance therapy, or express something one could not otherwise express by means of humor. 显著幽默的功能已引起许多学者的兴趣。大约在2000年前，人们对幽默开始研究，然而，这项幽默的研究不是一个简单的任务，理由是它是一个跨学科的科学绘图在各种各样的学科，包括生物学、心理学、社会学、哲学、地理、历史、语言、文学、教育、家庭科学和电影研究等。此外，幽默有不同的原因和目的，人们可能希望有点大男子主义，随机应变，似乎是聪明，解决问题，使一个临界点，加强治疗，或表达的东西不能以其他方式表达幽默的方式。 Within the 20th century, linguistics has developed greatly in almost every area of the discipline from sounds, words and sentences to meaning and texts. Meanwhile, linguistic studies on humor have also extended considerably to social, cultural, and pragmatic concerns. One of the most noticeable achievements in linguistics over the

毕业证书英文翻译模板

DIPLOMA No.： 105861201405000406 This is to certify that Ms. Yi Xuanting, born on July 19th, 1991 , attended a 4 year course in the Specialty of Fine Arts Education at this university from 2010 to 2014 and has successfully fulfilled all the requirement of the prescribed Bachelor course and passed the thesis defense. Graduation is hereby granted. President of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts : Li Jingkun Issued on July 1st, 2014 Certificate No.: 1058642014000406 Ministry of Education The People’s Republic of China

注意事项 1、请根据实际情况填写，需要毕业证书的原件及复印件一份。 2、Issued on一栏填写毕业证书授予日期；Certificate No.一栏填写证书号码；如毕业证书有两个号码，另外一个号码请填写在右上角的No.一栏，只有一个号码的请填写在Certificate No.一栏，同时把No.一栏删除掉。 3、专业（Specialty）一栏不要忘记填写。 4、下面有研究生院制作好之后的样本。 下图是研究生院制作好之后的样本（复印到防伪纸上）

英文翻译 模板

目录 Housing Consumption and Economic Growth in China (2) 住房消费和经济增长在中国 (10) 摘要 (10) 关键词: (10) 一、介绍 (11) 二、方法 (11) c .固定式测试 (12) d .协整检验 (12) E大肠误差修正模型(ECM)[6] (13) f.格兰杰因果关系检验 (13) 三、应用程序和结果 (14) a .数据和变量 (14) b .固定式测试 (14) e系列是平稳序列 (14) d .误差修正模型 (14) 四、结论 (15) 引用 (15)

Housing Consumption and Economic Growth in China Wang XJ (Wang Xijun) School of Economics & Management, Weifang University of China, xjwang69@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/da12222458.html, Abstract: Consumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its driving effect on social economic growth always plays the leading role. Housing is the basic living material which is essential for people?s life; housing consumption is the important material condition for the labor force reproduction. This study, based on China?s statistical data from 1985 to 2007,by employing co-integration theory, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM),respectively investigates the relationship between consumption, housing consumption and economic growth. The empirical result denotes that there exists bilateral Granger causality relationship between consumption and economic growth. For a long period, there exists long term stable equilibrium relationship between GDP, consumption, and housing consumption; consumption and housing consumption both promote the growth of GDP. Housing consumption?s contribution to the growth of GDP is obviously higher than consumption. For a short period, consumption spurs the growth of GDP more than housing consumption. Keywords:Housing consumption; Economic growth; Co-integration ; ECM; Granger causality test I. INTRODUCTION Consumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its driving

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Analysis of the role of complaint management in the context of relationship marketing Author: Leticia Su′arez ′Alvarez, University of Oviedo, Spain Abstract This research aims to contribute to the relationship-marketing strategy by studying the role of complaint management in long-term relationships. Two factors distinguish it from other studies: it takes into account two types of customers, consumers and firms, and the result variable selected is the probability of ending an ongoing relationship. Two questionnaires were designed for every population. One of them was auto-administrated to a sample of consumers in the north of Spain, and the other one was sent to a representative sample of Spanish firms. The data analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. The findings confirm the importance that theory accords to the relationship-marketing strategy, and also provide evidence for the importance of complaint management. Thus having a good complaint-handling system and trained and motivated staff who are fully committed to the firm’s objectives are fundamental requisites for firms to be able to build a stable customer portfolio. Keywords complaint management; relationship marketing; relationship termination; trust; satisfaction Introduction Nowadays, the main task for tourism firms is undoubtedly to deliver superior value to customers. One way that these firms can achieve part of this value is by maintaining quality relationships with their customers. In fact, it is well known that managing these relationships is critical for achieving corporate success. Thus the general aim of the present research is to analyze the most important factors that contribute to relationship stabilization between tourism firms and their customers. This research canters on retail travel agencies. We chose this particular type of tourism firm for two reasons. First, competition between retail travel agencies is becoming much more intense, fundamentally due to the advent of the Internet as an alternative distribution channel for tourism services (Wang & Cheung, 2004). The second reason is the current phenomenon of disintermediation, or the tendency of some tourism service providers to contact the end-customer directly. Because of these two developments, retail travel agencies urgently need to develop a strategy that allows them to maintain a stable portfolio of customers over time if they are to remain in the market for the long term. In order to achieve the proposed objective, we set out a causal model that incorporates a number of factors that can condition the future of the relationships between travel agencies and their customers. Specifically, we chose two variables that

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Editorial for IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, January 2013 ORIGINALLY, this editorial was planned to be written in late 2012, but in the last year we have been working intensively with IEEE to reduce time from submission to final publication, and this editorial was written in the summer of 2012, and we are already in the process of finalizing the January issue 2013. This also means that we have two editors for this issue— Prof. B. Lehman, Northeastern University, is fully taking over the duty of Editor-in-Chief as of date January 1, 2013, and Prof. F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, is resigning from the job at that date. We have only 100–150 papers waiting for publishing, and keeping in mind 45–50 papers are needed for each issue, this is a short and manageable backlog. By making the electronic versions of manuscripts available so far ahead of time, papers become available for a longer time, and there is a good chance for more citations, which should increase the impact factor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS (TPEL). TPEL remains an outstanding Journal and it contributes dominantly to the power electronics technology and research development globally. The TRANSACTIONS performance is positioned very well in the global Electrical Engineering (EE) journals publications as it is among the top 10 most cited EE journals. In the last year, many indicators of our quality continued to improve: users of the TRANSACTIONS continue to be very satisfied with the paper quality, our reputation in power electronics is rising all over the world by having a fast review process, papers in the TRANSACTIONS are being cited more heavily, and we have continued to print useful future research on important and emerging industrial applications. Our publications are followed very carefully all over the world, and almost every month the TPEL has papers listed between the top 100 downloads from IEEE Xplore registered monthly. It is also worth remarking that the papers are mostly technology papers and not so much review papers. Power electronics has never been as important as it is now. Globally, people talk about global warming and the lack of energy resources. As a result, a number of large R&D programs have been initiated to come up with sustainable solutions based on power electronics. Excellent examples of power electronic emerging research topics and applications include energy effi- ciency, e-mobility and airplanes, micro- and smart-grid, renewable energy, e.g., wind power and photovoltaic, lighting—fields where power electronics are unavoidable. Many companies have had rapid growth because of power electronics technology—in many cases they are called the clean-tech industry. We still see an increased interest in TPEL. In 2011, we received more