英国文学史 期末考试诗歌部分解释完整版
Paraphrase完整版
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
I walked slowly like a cloud which floats high over the valleys and hills.
Suddenly I notice many golden daffodils beside the lake and under the trees.
They are shaking and dancing in the wind.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The daffodils are numerous as if they are shining stars sparkling on the galaxy.
The line of flowers never ends which is along the bank of the bay.
I glance at ten thousand flowers which shaking their heads when they are dancing happily.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed – and gazed – but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
The waves beside the flowers were dancing too, but the happiness of flowers surpasses bright waves.
How happy a poet would be with such a joyful companion!
I gazed for a long time and never thought of how much wealth the wonderful view had brought to me.
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;2
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
When I lie on my bed feeling bored or thinking about something, the flowers often flash in my mind which is the ecstasy of my life.
Then my heart is filled with pleasure and dances with the daffodils.
Paradise Lost
OF Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit
Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,
Man’s first sin that he tasted the forbidden fruit, caused death and troubles, and lost the paradise until the Messiah came and save us and regain the happy paradise.
Ode to the West Wind
51. Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
52. As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
That is not a dream.
I would never have pleaded with you urgently.
65. And, by the incantation of this verse,
66. Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
67. Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68. Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
69. The trumpet of a prophecy!
With the help of magic verse, my words were scattered among mankind through my mouth to the sleeping earth, like the ashes and sparks from the burning stove.
Let the predictions be scattered!
O Wind,
Oh, Wind,
70. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
The Flea
Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou deniest me is;
Me it sucked first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;
Thou know'st that this cannot be said
A sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead,
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pampered swells with one blood made of two,
And this, alas, is more than we would do.
Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,
Where we almost, nay more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;
Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,
And cloisered in these living walls of jet.
Though use make you apt to kill me
Let not to that, self-murder added be,
And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
Cruel and sudden, hast thou since
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
Wherein could this flea guilty be,
Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?
Yet thou triumph'st, and say'st that thou
Find'st not thy self nor me the weaker now;
'Tis true; then learn how false fears be: and then you know, indeed there was no need to fear for it.
Just so much honor, when thou yield'st to me,
Will waste, as this flea's death look life from thee.
Romeo and Juliet
Selected R from Romeo and Juliet (ACT II SCENE II)
Capulet's orchard.
[Enter ROMEO.]
ROMEO He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
He (Mercutio), who never felt a wound, makes fun of my scars.
[JULIET appears above at a window.2]
But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
But, hush! What light break through the window over there?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon3, 5
Who is already sick and pale with grief,
That thou her maid art far more fair than she:
You, the moon’s maid, are much more beautiful than she is,
Be not her maid, since she is envious;
Her vestal livery is but sick and green1
You are not her maid, since she is envious. The uniform ("livery") worn by virgins
("vestal") in the service of Diana is sick and green.
And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. 2 10
It is my lady, O, it is my love!
O, that she knew she were!
I wish that she knew she were my lover!
She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?
Her eye discourses3; I will answer it.
She speaks, yet her lips are not moving; what of that? Her eyes speak, and I will
answer them.
I am too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks: 15
I am too reckless. She doesn’t speak to me.
Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,
Having some business, do entreat her eyes
To twinkle in their spheres till they return.4
Two of the most brilliant stars in the sky who have to leave their orbits, ask Juliet’s
eyes to twinkle in their place until they return.
What if her eyes were there, they in her head?
What if her eyes were in the sky and the stars become her eyes in her head?
The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, 20
As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven
Would through the airy region stream so bright
That birds would sing and think it were not night.5
See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!
O, that I were a glove upon that hand, 25
That I might touch that cheek!
The brightness of her cheek would shame the stars in the sky, as daylight does to a
lamp. Her eyes in the sky would flow through the airy sky so brightly that birds
would sing and think it were not at night. Look, how she leans her cheek upon her
hand! Oh, I wish I were a glove on her hands so that I could touch her cheek!
JULIET Ay me! 1
ROMEO She speaks:
O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art
As glorious to this night, being o'er my head 30
As is a winged messenger of heaven
Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes
Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him
When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds
And sails upon the bosom of the air. 35
She speaks. Oh, speak again, bright angel! Because you are as glorious to the night
over my head. You are as if a messenger from heaven with wings and I was one of
the mortals look up to you with wondering eyes and bestriding the slowly walking
clouds, sailing through the sky.
JULIET O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?2
Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.
Oh, Romeo, Romeo! Why are you Romeo? Deny your father and change your name.
Or if you will not, just promise me your love to me and I’ll no longer be a Capulet. ROMEO [Aside] Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?
Can I hear more or can I speak?
JULIET 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy3; 40
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
But only your name is my enemy. You would be yourself even if you had some other name.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
Oh, change your name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose 45
By any other name would smell as sweet;
What’s the inner meaning of a name? What we call a rose would smell fragrant by
any other name.
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes4
So if Romeo is not called Romeo, he will still keep his precious perfection he own.
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name1,
And for that name which is no part of thee 50
Take all myself.
Without your title, Romeo, discard your name, and take all myself to replace that
name which is no longer a part of you.
第二部分
OMEO
［To JULIET］If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine，the gentle fine is this：My lips，two blushing pilgrims，ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a
tender kiss．
JULIET
Good pilgrim，you do wrong your hand too much，Which mannerly devotion shows in
this；For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch，And palm to palm is holy
palmers' kiss．
ROMEO
Have not saints lips，and holy palmers too？
JULIET
Ay，pilgrim，lips that they must use in prayer．
ROMEO
O，then，dear saint，let！lips do what hands do；They pray，grant thou，lest faith turn to despair．
JULIET
Saints do not move，though grant for prayers' sake．
ROMEO
Then move not，while my prayer's effect I take．Thus from my lips，by yours，my sin is purged．
JULIET
Then have my lips the sin that they have took．
ROMEO
Sin from thylips？O trespasssweetly urged！Give me my sin again．
JULIET
You kiss by the book．
HAMLET
独白部分
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Should I live on or should I kill myself? That is a question.
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer 65
Whether it is determined to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
The fatal attacks of cruel destiny,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
Or to fight against numerous troubles.
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks 70
And make them end by defiance. To die is no more than to sleep; and we no longer suffer
from the aching of heart and many natural attacks the body is suffering.
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
It is a result we eagerly wish. To die is to sleep.
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
We may dream when sleeping. Ah, this is the dilemma.
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
Because when we died what dreams may we have?
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 75
When we have got rid of the turmoil of mortality,
Must give us pause8: there’s the respect
The sleeping-like death must bring about our hesitation. There exists the consideration That makes calamity of so long life;
That makes the disorder/disaster long live.
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time11,
For who have to endure the punishment and insult in this world,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely12,
The oppressor’s evil and the proud man’s scornful insolence,
The pangs of dispised love, the law's delay, 80
The pain of rejected love and the justice of law coming late.
The insolence of office and the spurns13
That patient merit of the unworthy takes14,
The insolence of the power and the contemptuous rejections, which the people of praiseworthy take of the unworthy.
When he himself might his quietus make15
With a bare bodkin16? who would fardels17 bear,
To grunt18 and sweat under a weary life, 85
If he himself might make an end of his life/might free himself from all troubles of life with a mere dagger? Who would shoulder the burdens to groan and sweat in a boring and tiring life?
But that the dread of something after death,
If not for the fear of the things after death,
The undiscover'd country19 from whose bourn20,
No traveller returns, puzzles the will21
The unknown place where we go after death, no traveler returns from the boundary of which after death, confuses the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Makes us prefer to stand the evil
Than fly to others that we know not of? 90
Than to fly to other places we don’t know?
Thus conscience1 does make cowards of us all; 2
Thus the consciousness makes all of us dastards
And thus the native hue of resolution3
And the natural color of determination,
Is sicklied o'er4 with the pale cast of thought5,
Is made sick with the pale look of thought,
And enterprises of great pith and moment6
And the plans of great height and importance,
With this regard their currents turn awry7, 95
Because their direction turn aside,
And lose the name of action8.--Soft you now!9
And lose the honor that derives from action,--- Restrain yourself!
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
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华南农业大学英国文学史期末考试题
华南农业大学xx文学史期末考试题 (下)注:本文档主要用作题型参考,非100%原题。 考试范围:启蒙运动时期,浪漫主义时期。 一选择题。(共50题,每题1分) 类型1:作品来源。(约10-15道题) 1.” Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless breast. The littletyrant of hisfields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here mayrest. SomeCromwell,guiltless of his country's blood.” is from ( )A.I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud B. The Cloud C. Bright Star D. Elegy 2. “But now your brow is beld, John. Your locks are lik e the snaw;But bless ingson your frosty pow…” is from ( ) A. John Anderson, My Jo B.A Red, Red Rose C. Tintern Abbey D. When We two parted 3.” I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl beforetwelve years old isno saleable commodity, and even when they come tothis age, they will not yieldabove three pounds, or three pounds andhalf a crown at most, on the exchange.” isfrom ( ) A. Gulliver’s Travel B. Robinson Crusoe
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史及作品选读
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学史测试题(全)汇编
英国文学史 1.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”open well-known essays by_________. Francis Bacon Samuel Johnson Alexander Pope Jonathan Swift [参考答案] Francis Bacon 2.When he died, Chaucer was buried in __________ the Poet's Corner. Westminster Abbey Normandy Canterbury Southwark [参考答案] Westminster Abbey 3.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of . Piers Plowman Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Confessio Amantis The Canterbury Tales [参考答案] The Canterbury Tales 4.The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland's _________. The Legend of Good Woman The Vison of Piers the Plowman Boewulf Fables [参考答案] The Vison of Piers the Plowman 5.Which literary genra does Sir Gawain and the Green Knight belong to? epic romance novel prose [参考答案] romance 6.English literature at the Anglo-Norman Period was also a combination of ____ and Saxon elements. Latin Greek English French [参考答案] French 7.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are_____ and Chaucer Caedmon Cynewulf Langland Shakespeare [参考答案] Langland 8.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? Hrothgat Heorot Grendel Beowulf [参考答案] Grendel 9.The most important work of_____is The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose. Alfred the Great Caedmon Cynewulf Venerable Bede [参考答案] Alfred the Great 10.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of_____. monks romanticists sentimentalists pagan [参考答案] pagan ing line of 11.The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day ?” is the beginn one of Shakespeare’ｓ. comedies tragedies histories sonnets [参考答案] sonnets
英国文学史及选读2017期末复习名词解释中英
名词解释 ENGLISH LITERATURE--DEFINITION OF TERMS 1 were passed down from generation to generation. 3) Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad. 2Critical Realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3) Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist. 3With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people. 启蒙主义：启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具 4-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.
英国文学史
The happiness of having such a sister 他们首先倾吐了要做姑娘的喜悦，两位小姐高兴的一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花. Tess’s pride would not allow her to turn her head again,苔丝出于自尊，不愿意再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂，如果他真有什么名堂的话. It is my conviction that though men may 我相信，人们虽然未必比以前还要不讲道德，但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻。 I saw that his face was pale.I followed his eyes 我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光，看到餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮料。 Father passed his hand over his face父亲用手摸了摸脸。 They were attended from morning to night 从早到晚，都有妻子，护士，秘书这样的女帮手服侍他们。 I was truly dumbfounded by this deep fury 她一见到我就这么气势汹汹，真把我惊呆了。 They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-fade,人们还可以买到经过水洗，褪色和缩水处理的牛仔裤，以符合无产者的形象。 The task was done, not free from further blunders课上完了，做学生的并没有根绝错误... Levi’s jeans were first introduced to the East,里维斯的牛仔裤最初引进到东部，显然是在20世纪30年代的农场度假热潮中 And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, 她们大家，不仅个个身上都给太阳晒得暖烘烘的，而且人人心里都有一个小太阳温暖着各自的心灵 One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are “programmed”我们应该记住，人类同样也只能按照“程序”办事。受精卵一形成，基因就给我们编号了“程序”，我们的潜能也要受到这个“程序”的限制。 In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by 我在美国旅行期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。 Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Levi’s 每年，李维服装的销售量超过2.5亿件-----其中包括8,300多万条钉有铜钉的蓝色牛仔裤。 The human brain weighs three pounds,but in that three pounds 人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅的物质中，却包含着一百亿个神经细胞，以及一千亿个更小的细胞。 The difference between me and these daughters 我和这些女儿们的分歧在于：由于性别的缘故，他们认为我生来注定要成为她们父亲那样的人，因而也就成为妨碍她们实现自己愿望的敌人。 Some had beautiful eyes,others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful 她们有的长着漂亮的眼睛，有的生者俏丽的鼻子，有的有着妩媚的嘴巴、婀娜的身段；但是，这样样都美的，虽然不能说一个没有，却也是寥寥无几。 I fell madly in love with her, and she with me我狂热的爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。 In a moment she reappeared to hurl my change and the ticket on the counter不一会儿工夫，她又回来了，将零钱和车票往柜台上猛地一摔，大半都撒落在我脚边。 The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton. 哈罗公学的点名方式跟伊顿公学有所不同。 On August 16,1983,they started for the South to seek their fortune. 1983年8月16日，他们动身去南方寻求生路。 “Contrary,then,” answered another, in deep but softened tones.”And now,“那好，相反，”另一个人以深沉而柔和的语调答道。“那就亲亲我吧，我学得这么用心。” Another person runs to avoid doing anything else,另一个人跑步则是为了避而不做别的事，不对如何生活作出决定，不去感受自己生活碌碌无为。 They were of course all intending 当然大家都做好了惊讶的准备，但却没有料到会惊讶道这个地步 He had an aversion to yielding so completely 他不愿意完全凭感情用事，因此宁肯自己不来吃饭。看来，二十四小时吃一顿饭，在他是足够了。 I knew her before I ever met your mother.我没遇见你妈妈之前就认识她了。 Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, 即便如此，我仍然坚持认为，对个人而言，最重要的莫过于这种根植于个人心灵深处的是非感，以及坚决按这种是非感行事的决心，而不是随波逐流，或仅仅以是否“对社会有益”为准则。 Almost from the first,Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name, 机会从一开始，施特劳斯就把他的布料染成别具一格的蓝色，因此便有了蓝色牛仔裤之称。不过，直至19世纪70年代，他才往裤子上加了铜铆钉；长期以来，这铜铆钉也就成了公司的标志。 I believe then that I would die there,and I saw with a terrible clarity 当时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰。在我看来，这些景致依然那样美丽。 Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go,merely on that account, 卢卡斯爵士夫妇打定主意要去，还不就是为了这个缘故，因为你知道，他们通常是不去拜访新搬来的邻居的。 No, if I read any, it should be Mrs. Radcliffe’s.我要是看小说，那就看拉德克里夫人的。她的小说倒挺有意思，值得一读。那里面多少有点逗趣的内容和对大自然的描写。 Again, therefore, she applied herself to the key, 因此，她又搬弄钥匙。她靠着最后一线希望，果断利索地朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，柜门忽然打开了。
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