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(英语)高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

(英语)高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
(英语)高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

英语)高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

一、高中英语翻译

1.高中英语翻译题:Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.我们打篮球的时间到了。(time) 2.他设法把游客及时送到了机场。(manage)

3.你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4.应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。

(encourage)

5.我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知,我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)

6.尽管遭受如重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...)

【答案】

1.It 's time for us to play basketball.

2.He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.

3.Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?

4.Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5.Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6.Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don 't lose heart.

【解析】

1.考查time 的用法。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时,it is time for sb to do sth 该到某

人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为:It 's time for us to play basketba。ll 2.考查manage 的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知,本句为一般过去时,manage to do sth 设“法做某事”为固定短语。in time 及“时”为介词短语,在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为:He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time 。

3.考查possible 的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时,it is possible

for sb to do sth 某人做“某事是可能的”,it 作为形式主语完成整个句子,不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为:Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4.考查encourage 的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外,此题还考查短语according to (按照)和strong points( 长处,特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为:Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points 。

5.考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find 的用法。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在

时,主语为I ,谓语为find,find oneself done 表示“发现自己被?”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词,在后面的定语从句中,作talk about 的

宾语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为:Being ignorant of the electronic products the

students are talking about, I find myself left behind 。

6.考查although 引导的让步状语从句和时态。分析句子可知,本句为although 引导的让

步状语从句,从句为现在进行时,主句为为as long as 引导的条件状语从句。lose heart 灰“

心丧气”,overcome“ 克服”。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为:Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don't lose hea。rt

2.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play)

2.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)

3.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)

4.能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)

5.在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)

【答案】

1.She began to play the violin five years ago.

2.Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.

3.Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.

4.It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.

5.At the exhibition, the company 's sales manager demonstrated the new tytpreo noicf etoleycs

(which/that) children were looking forward to.

【解析】

1.根据“五年前”确实时态,可知用一般过去时,注意短语play the violin 。

【考点定位】考查动词时态、习语及表达能力。

2.根据提示词可知,由于译为:owing to ,此处to 是介词。注意用被动语态,因为航班被推迟。

【考点定位】考查介词短语及被动语态。

3.此句希望( hope)是谓语动词,后接宾语从句。时态用一般现在时。【考点定位】考查宾语从句及时态。

4.此句it 是形式主语,whether 引导主语从句,时态一般现在时。短语:抵御诱惑resist the temptation 。

【考点定位】考查主语从句及形式主语it 的用法。

5.注意句子结构的安排,“孩子们翘首以盼的”应译为定语从句。时态用一般过去时。【考点定位】考查定语从句及相关短语的表达。

3.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in

the brackets.

1.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。( prove)

2.对国家来说,保护生态环境和保持经济增长同样重要。( as...as)

3.如果有朝一日,学生能亲自参与到课程开发中,那该有多棒啊!( involve)

4.这本新发行的杂志不仅会影响青少年对时尚的看法,还会开启健康饮食的新潮流。(Not only)

【答案】

1.The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective.

2.For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth. 3.How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own. 4.Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.

【解析】

【分析】本题考查翻译句子,注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1.考查非谓语动词和prove 的用法。The method 与recommend 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,prove 用作连系动词,prove(to be)+adj 表示“(被)证明是??的”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective

2.考查非谓语动词和as...as 的用法。根据句意可知本句用动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,as+adj+表示“同??一样??”,陈述的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,故翻译为:For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth. 3.考查感叹句和条件状语从句。根据句意可知本句用how+adj+it is 形式的感叹句,同时用

if 引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,be involved in 表示“参与”,故翻译为:How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.

4.考查倒装。not only ?but als表o示“不但??而且”,注意not only 和but also 后面都有主谓结构时,如果not only 位于第一分句主语之前,则该分句要部分倒装;后一个分句,即but also 后面不用倒装,故翻译为:Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.

4.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.遇到突发危险时,人会茫然不知所措,这是很正常的。(which)

2.一个人究竟怎样才能完成这样一个伟大的工程呢?(How)

3.在此之前,他从未和那位主编讨论过自己的新书。(Not)

4.情况是在不断地变化,要使自己的思想适应新的情况,就得学习。

(adapt)

【答案】

1.People may get overwhelmed in the face of sudden dangers, which is quite natural. / One may get at a loss when facing a sudden danger, which is quite natural.

2.How on earth can a person accomplish such a great project? / How on earth can one accomplish such a grand project?

3.Not until that moment had he ever talked about his new book with that chief editor. Not until this had he ever discussed his new book with the chief editor.

4.The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. / Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations.

【解析】

【分析】本题考查翻译句子,注意一些固定短语和固定句型的使用。

1.本题的难点在于用which 引导非限定性定语从句,还要注意at a loss 或get overwhelmed 表示“不知所措”。

2.本题的难点在于on earth 表示“究竟”,用such+a+形容词+名词表示“一个如此??的东

西

”。

3.本题的难点在于Not until 位于句首,要用部分倒装。

4.本题的难点在于用不定式作目的状语,而且还要注意adapt ?to表?示“使??适应

??”。

5.高中英语翻译题:Translations

1.嫌疑人已抓获,所有相关证据已移交警方.(concern)

2.众所周知,学习方法因人而异,适合你的不一定适合我.(necessarily)

3.我突然想到,我忘记提醒班长集合时间了,随即给他发了一个消息.(It)

4.学生表达自我的能力越强,他们就越可能在入学面试中脱颖而出,这促使了他们将练习演讲作为每日常规.(rule )

【答案】

1.The suspect has been arrested,and all the concerning evidence has been transferred to the police .

2.As we all know ,learning method varies from person to person ,so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me .

3.It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering ,so I left him a short message .

4.The stronger the students' ability to express themselves ,the more likely they are to stand out in the entrance interview ,which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day .

【解析】

1.相关的,有关的:concerning ;嫌疑人:suspect,根据汉语提示,使用现在完成时,并且注意使用被动。故译为The suspect has been arrested ,and all the concerning evidence has been transferred to the police .

2.这是对学习方法的一种主观评价,所以使用一般现在时。首先,翻译时使用as 引导一

个非限制性定语从句,vary from person to person 因人而异;so 引导一个结果状语从句,not necessarily 未必。故译为As we all know ,learning method varies from person to person ,so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me .

3.这是对过去事实的陈述,所以使用一般过去时。结合句子的意思和括号中的代词it 可

知,翻译时需要使用句型it occurred to me that 我突然想起??;it 为形式主语,that 引导一个主语从句,remind sb of sth 意为" 提醒某人某物",最后使用so 引导一个结果状语从句。故译为It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering ,so I left him a short message .

4.这是对学生个人能力的一种客观评价,所以使用一般现在时。翻译时需要使用句式结构the+比较级,the+比较级,用来表达"越??越??";be likely to do sth 可能会做某事.而make it a rule for sb. to do 某人做某事成功常规。故译为The stronger the students' ability to express themselves,the more likely they are to stand out in the entrance interview ,which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day .

【点睛】汉译英基本步骤:1.理解,通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译,确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校,首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等.发现错误,及时改正。

6.高中英语翻译题:Translation 1.说到故宫新开的火锅餐厅,许多网民指责其过度商业化。(accuse)2.在二十世纪五十年代,尽管他对古典音乐心怀热情,但他不得不向现实低头。(despite)

3.学术造假如此致命,一个小事就可以毁了一个好不容易建立的名声。(So)

4.一个有远见的领导能让其员工客服软肋,发挥潜能,齐心协力,从而打造一支高效的

团队。(thus )

【答案】

1.Speaking of /talking of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly- build hotpot restaurant in Imperial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over- commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization.

2.In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic music, he had to give in to /surrender to reality/compromise with the

reality/give way to reality/come to terms with reality.

3.So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an incident can ruin a person ' s reputation which he has made effort to build up/establish/set

up/build.

4.A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.

【解析】【分析】1.考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语speaking of /talking of /when it comes to 表示“说

到??;谈起??”;accuse of表示“谴责;指责”;Imperial Palace/Forbidden City 故宫“”。本句为一般现在时,可用netizens 作主语,谓语动词用原形;也可用it 做主语,用一般现在时的被动语态。故翻译为Speaking of /talking

of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly-build hotpot restaurant in Imperial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over-commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization. 2.考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语in the 1950s 在二“十世纪五十年代”;passion

for 对“??强烈爱好”;give in/ surrender to/ compromise with/ give way to/ come to terms with “屈服;投降”;本句考查despite 的用法,引导一个让步状语从句,以及句子的让步关系。结合句意主句应用一般过去时。故翻译为

In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic

music, he had to give in to /surrender to reality/compromise with the reality/give way to reality/come to terms with reality. 3.考查固定句式和定语从句。固定短语make effort to 努力“??”;build up/establish/set

up/build 建“立”;本句为固定结构“ so形+容词+谓语+主语+that 从句”,表示“如此??以至于??”;且为定语从句修饰先行词reputation ,先行词在从句中做宾语,指“名誉”应用which 引导。从句中应用现在完成时。故翻译为So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an incident can ruin a person ' s reputation which he

has made effort to build up/establish/set up/build.

4.考查固定短语和thus 的用法。表示“有远见的”可翻译为with vision/of great vision/ a farsighted leader/a visionary leader ;固定短语enable sb. to do sth. 能让某“人做某事”;overcome/get over 克服“ ”;make joint/combined efforts 共同努力“ ”;thus 表示“因此,如此”。故翻译为A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.

7.高中英语翻译题:Translation 1.仅凭你提供的证据无法证明他是有罪的。(alone)

2.纵然观点不一,我们仍旧可以齐心协力。(divide)

3.你要十分小心,这个路口十分容易发生车祸。(occur)

4.有人声称引入野生鳄鱼不会对当地其他物种造成威胁,但这一决定遭到许多动物保护专家的强烈反对。(claim) 答案】

1.It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone.

2.Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts.

3.You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads.

4.It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts.

【解析】

【分析】本题考查翻译,注意使用括号内的提示词翻译。

1.考查形式主语和定语从句。根据句意可知本句使用it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面

的不定式,同时运用定语从句,先行词为evidence ,关系词在从句中作provided 的宾语,提示词alone 作副词,意为“仅仅”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone 。2.考查让步状语从句。根据句意可知用although 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,be

divided in 表示“在??上意见有分歧”,故翻译为:Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts 。

3.考查原因状语从句。根据句意可知用because 引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”,be likely

to do 表示“有可能??”,occur 为不及物动词,表示“发生”,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:

You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads。

4.考查固定句式和非谓语动词。It is claimed that... 表示“据称、有人称”,objections 与make 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts。

8.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

1.就是周三那天他带了盒饭到学校,为此大家很惊语. (it)

2.我们现在所做的一切是为了今后服务于社会,所以这些势力值得付出。(worth)

3.这是第一次外籍人士在中国为如此重要的代表大会参与翻译工作。( involve )

4.每次我对下一步该做什么心里没错的时候,我的一些好友一定会过来鼎力力相助的。(loss)

【答案】

1.It was Wednesday when he brought a prepared meal to school, which surprised the others.

2.All the things we are doing now are for the service we offer for the society in the future, so these efforts are worth paying.

3.This is the first time that a foreigner is involved in the translation work in such important representative conference in China.

4.Every time I am at a loss for what I should do next, some of my best friend will certainly be there to give me a hand. 【解析】

1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,when 引导时间状语从句修饰Wednesday 并在从句

中做状语,which 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中做主语;再根据语境可知,句子陈述的是过去的动作,故用一般过去时。综上,故译成It was Wednesday when he brought a

prepared meal to school, which surprised the others.

2.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,we are doing now 是定语从句修饰all the things ,

we offer for the society in the future 是定语从句修饰the service ,so 是并列连词,前句是因,后句是果;再根据句意可知,be worth doing 意为“做??是值得的”;再根据语境可知,句子陈述的是事实信息,故用一般现在时。综上,故译成All the things we are doing now are for the service we offer for the society in the future, so these efforts are worth paying. 3.考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知,this is the first time that 是固定句型,that 后时态是

现在完成时;根据句意可知,be involved in 意为“涉及到”;此句翻译时需注意几个地点状语的排列(由小及大),综上,故译成This is the first time that a foreigner has been involved

in the translation work in such important representative conference in China.

4.考查every time 引导的时间状语从句。分析句子结构可知,every time 引导时间状语从

句,what 引导宾语从句,且在从句中做宾语;再根据句意可知,at a loss 意为“不知所措”,give sb. a hand 意为“帮助某人”;再根据语境可知,句子陈述的是事实信息,故用一般现在时。综上,故译成Every time I am at a loss for what I should do next, some of my best friend will certainly be there to give me a hand.

9.高中英语翻译题:Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

1.据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42 条生命,摧毁了7000 多幢房腿(It) 2.我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。

(promote)

3.只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。(Only) 4.许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的

游戏了。(allow)

【答案】

1.It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings. 2.Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.

3.Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.

4.Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.

【解析】

1.考查形式主语。It was reported that 据报道,该句型是固定句型,其中it 是形式主语,

that 引导的主语从句中,使用过去完成时,故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings. 2.考查时态和动词。表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时,promote 是及物动词,后面直

接接宾语,故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.

3.考查部分倒装。以“ only它+ 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时,常使用部分倒装,故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.

4.考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,该句型是固定

句型。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句内容,故翻译为Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.

10.高中英语翻译题:Directions :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.已经有越来越多的人求助于瑜伽(yoga)来缓解工作中的压力。(turn )

2.在我们做出最终决定之前,我们务必要把相关事实考虑在内。(consideration )

3.这个游戏的独特之处在于它帮助孩子学会如何应对现实生活中他们可能遇到的问题。

(What )4.只有通过参与社区志愿者活动才能有效地增强学生服务大众的责任感。(Only)

【答案】

1.More and more people turn to yoga to relieve the stress from work.

2.Before we made the final decision, we make sure that the relative facts should be taken into consideration.

3.What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal with the problems they may meet in real life. 4.Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people. 【解析】

【分析】本题考查学生对于词汇语句实境的应用能力。1.考查比较级句式和动词固定结构。分析句子结构可知,时态为一般现在时,主语为“越

来越多的人”,即:more and more people ,谓语动词为turn to ,意为“求助于”,“来缓解工作中的压力”为目的状语,可用to do 不定式表目的。故翻译为:More and more people turn to yoga to relieve the stress from work.

2.考查状语从句和名词固定结构。分析句子可知,“在我们做出最终决定之前”为时间状语

从句,由before 引导,主句主语为“我们”we谓, 语为“确保”,make sure,之后可接宾语从句。提供词consideration

可构成固定结构“take sth into consideration ,意为””将??考虑在内”。故翻译为:Before we made the final decision, we make sure that the relative facts should be taken into consideration.

3.考查主语从句和疑问词+to do 不定式作宾语。分析句子可知,句子主语为“这个游戏的独特之处”,可由what 引导主语从句,谓语为“在于”,可由be 动词充当,“它帮助孩子学会如何应对现实生活中他们可能遇到的问题”可作表语从句,且使用how to deal with the problems 短语结构。故翻译为:What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal with the problems they may meet in real life.

4.考查倒装句式。分析句子结构可知,“只有通过参与社区志愿者活动”可由only 引导方式状语位于句首,主句

使用部分倒装结构,即:only +方式状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓

语??”故,翻译为:Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people.

【点睛】

“ onl+y 状语置于句首引起的倒装句”的基本用法

副词only 置于句首,强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时,主句要进行部分倒装。即构成:Only+状语结构+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他例如:

Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。

Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候,我们才意识到出了一个错。

Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 一些预订被取消了,他才得以买到了几张票。

小题4 考查only 引导的倒装句式。需要掌握句式结构的前提下,灵活御用所学词汇和短语结构。比如“参与”可由take part in 表达,“?的?责任感”可由the sense of 表?达。因此全句翻译为:Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people.

【英语】高中英语翻译(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题

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第九讲高中英语翻译技巧与能力训练(上)[讲义]

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商务英语写作-商务英语翻译:商务英语五大实用翻译技巧

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要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。 一、一词多义 同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子: 1.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。 2.They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London. 他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。 以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。 二、词类转译 词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。 1.名词与动词的互相转译: Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods

1---高中高考英语翻译技巧完全篇

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英语翻译-英译汉的技巧 真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难;首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的文章,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。 2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。 The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。 3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。 Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 二、词类转译技巧 在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way . 植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。(名词转译) As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。

专业英语翻译中的常见问题(详细翻译技巧)

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【英语】高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题含解析

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高考英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题

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