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外文翻译译稿和原稿
外文翻译译稿和原稿

外文文献翻译译稿

数字频率计使用DMA终端计数停止方法

Digital frequency meter using DMA

Terminal Count stop method

1.N.Suresh Kumar,Assistant Professor,Dept of IT,GITAM University.

2.Dr.D.V.RamaKotiReddy,Associate professor,College of Engineering,Andhra

University.

3.Mr.B.pramod Kumar,M.Tech.Student,Gitam University,Visakhapatnam.

4.Mr.A.Harish,M.Tech,Lecturer,Dept.of IT.

摘要

本文提出了一种新型宽量程转速测量方法,使用直接内存访问(DMA)终端计数寄存器(TCR)。DMA的方法是基于在不断采样的过程中在终端计数DMA控制器的停止销的脉冲计数。提出了单片机实现所需的硬件配置和演算方法。通过DMA 控制器和定时器来使用单片机的这个方法是适合系统需求的。同时对该方法的局限性和来源的误差进行了详细讨论。DMA终端计数寄存器的方法是适用于实时速度控制系统的。

一.导言:可以通过下列方法对速度进行测量

1.测量时间,确定脉冲之间的间隔时间[1]

2.脉冲计数,计数采样时间内输入的脉冲[2]

3.相结合的方法[3]

4.持续访问时长法(CET)[4]

5.DMA传输方法。[4][5]

当DMA传输方法的硬件配置执行了一个长的处理器指令,在接收到下一个输入脉冲的上升沿之前,DMA应答信号(DACK)可能无法被接收到。因此,下一个脉冲将不会被检测出来。为了不丢失任何输入脉冲,就需要对未履行的DMA请求计数器。这也可以通过一个简单的H/W配置和更低的功耗方法来解决,这个方法可以通过终端计数寄存器和DMA控制器的TC停止销来实现。DMA控制器的停止销在固定数量的DMA周期后会改变自己的状态。从振荡器生成的脉冲数量被计算在这些DMA周期内。这是与速度成正比的。由于DMA控制器8257结构简单,所以我选择它来进行实验,更容易理解其管理和控制操作。8257可以在系统总线上得到控制,使用CPU的保持功能。对于每个通道的DMA计数,输出一个控制信号通知外围设备,这样DMA周期的一次程序控制才算完成[6]。将要被程序化的DMA通道在加载任何设置之前,应该一直被“隐藏”。这是因为硬件可能意外地断言该通道的数据请求,而DMA也会回应,即使不是所有的参数都已经被加载或更新完成。

二.终端计数DMA方法

在此方法中,计算出来的缓冲区内的脉冲平均数,可以显示磁盘的运行速度和已经到达数据就绪队列的脉冲数。转动的速度可以通过商式ΔΦ/Δt计算得到。ΔΦ在时间间隔Δt内的旋转角度的增量,其中

写周期:

其他计时:

假设要计算下面的公式,

)

(/)(MAX T MIN T B A 且最小值只存在于TA 和TB 中。如果TA 为最小值,且TA ,TB 都是追踪参数,那么最大值TB 就是TB(MIN)+50ns 。

ns

MAX T MIN T B A 50)()(++

未准备好的序列:

过度控制:

波形——外设模式:

读:

三.最终计数DMA方法的特征

CET方法在速度测量上存在限制[7]。但不同于持续访问时长法,由于没有时间限制,而且无须禁止捕捉寄存器,使其的测量范围更广。这里的终端计数寄存器设置来决定TC采样周期的中断。不同于DMA方法,它需要较少的硬件,因此与其他宽范围的频率测量系统相比较,它耗能低。而且可以实现一个算法从而提高执行速度。

四.硬件配置:

编码器的脉冲上升沿是DRQ默认的DMA控制器的针。由于DRQ的脉冲响应,通过用户程序设置的DMA控制器的终端计数寄存器是递减的。最初的TC销较低。当终端计数寄存器变成零时,TC信号就变高了。TC在设置寄存器模式下启用。

当计时器识别出T C信号,它会重置缓冲区内的脉冲计数。在TC变高之前,自由运行的计时器的脉冲将由一个缓冲区进行计数。缓冲区将记录下脉冲的数目,直到终端计数寄存器的值为零。当终端计数寄存器的值为零时,TC将允许使用缓冲区的输出启用针,允许数据从缓冲区写入到内存中。当编码器的脉冲宽度很大,终端计数寄存器就需要更多的时间才能达到零。因此,缓冲区将存储从自由运行的计时器传输来的最大计数脉冲。如果编码器的脉冲宽度在高速情况下很小,存储在缓冲区内的脉冲数将是最低的。因此,缓冲区内的脉冲数,显示了该磁盘的运行速度或到达DRQ的脉冲数。

五.软件程序

第一步:屏蔽用于访问外围设备的通道。

第二步:启用TC停止位和模式设置寄存器的自动重载位。

第三步:在TC针启用缓冲区后中断对通道的屏蔽。

第四步:重复第一步至第四步,按用户要求采取平均值。

该代码是通过MASM软件开发的汇编级语言。该代码也可以在个人电脑上进行编译和执行,通过内部DMA端口地址来进行调试[6]。

六.实验装置

16位微处理器是用于控制DMA控制器的。微处理器需要在5MHz的时钟频率下进行操作。DMA控制器则是在8MHz的时钟频率下进行操作。用来作为微控制器外部的自由运行计时器和内部的间隔定时器的参考时钟,则是2MHz。验证DMA

的终端计数方法,需要使用20MHz频率发生器,连接到DMA接口的测速表用来生成DRQ所需的脉冲。两个缓冲区被用于DMA和计时器之间,来实现延迟。创建的硬件延迟是用来在启用计时器之前,使缓冲区输出数据针。自动重载模式的数量是由用户程序所决定的。它也可以通过连接更多的逻辑电路所得到的计时器复位信号来进行设置。

七.结论

TC DMA方法很容易连接。相比较其他方法,它的成本影响较小。进行速度测量时,所需的硬件更少。TC DMA方法减少了能量的消耗。在访问捕捉寄存器的时候避免了时间的限制。TC DMA可以测量的大范围的频率。在很宽的频率范围内,测量误差为零平均值,且几乎是固定值。此外,通过ARM处理器能够进一步提高执行时间。

参考文献:

[1].E.P.McCarthy,“A digital instantaneous frequency meter,”IEEE Trans.Znstrum.Meas.,

vol.IM-28,no.3,pp.224-226,Sept.1979.

[2].T.J.Maloney and F.L.Alvarado,“A digital method for dc motor speed control,”IEEE Trans.Znd. Electr.Con.Znstr.vol.IECI-23,no.1,pp.44-46,Feb.1976.

[3].T.Ohmae,T.Matsuda,K.Kamiyama,and M.Tachikawa,“A microprocessor controlled

high-accuracy wide-range speed regulator for motor drives,”IEEE Trans.Znd.Electron.,vol.IE-29,no. 3,pp.207-211,1982.

[4].Milan Prokin,”DMA transfer method for wide range and frequency measurement”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT,VOL.42,NO.4,AUGUST 1993.

[5].Milan prokin,“Speed measurement using the improved DMA transfer method”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS,VOL.38,NO.6,DECEMBER1991.

[6].Intel manuals,July1990,order Number:003965-003by Russian Military,

http://doc.chipfind.ru/intel/8257.htm

[7].RICHARD BONERT,MEMBER,IEEE,“Design of a High Performance Digital Tachometer with

a Microcontroller”IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT,

VOL38.NO6.DECEMBER1989.

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