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2012自考英语二 Unit_12_A_Break_from_Life

Unit 12 A Break from Life

Text A

New words

1. cranky adj. 脾气坏的

2. laundry n. 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物

3. resemble v. 看起来像；显得像；像

resemblance

4. throb n. （强烈有规律的）跳动；阵阵的疼痛

5. subside v. 趋于平静；平息；减弱；消退

6. ache v. 疼痛；隐痛

7. joint n. 关节

8. shuffle v. 拖着脚走

9. wiggle v. （使）扭动，摆动，摇动

10. sniffle n. 抽鼻子（声）

11. tissue n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸

12. pillow n. 枕头

13. crack v. 找到解决（难题等的）方法

14. contagious adj. 患接触性传染病的

15. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌

16. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的

17. scrounge v. 觅取；搜寻

18. nurture v. 养育；养护；培养

19. chore n. 令人厌烦的任务、乏味无聊的工作

20. respite n. 暂停；暂缓

21. manufacture v. 编造；捏造

22. symptom n. 症状

23. pamper v. 细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容

24. hermit n. 隐土；隐修者；遁世者

25. gel n. 凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于头发或护肤的产品）

26. heart y adj. 大的；丰盛的

27. chamomile n. 苹果菊；春黄菊；甘菊

28. vanilla-scented adj. 香草味的

29. gingerly adv. 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地

30. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的

be grateful to sb. for sth. ungrateful

比较：graceful disgraceful

31. spa n. 水疗

32. tub n. 浴缸；浴盆

33. drain n. 下水道；排水管

34. refresh v. 使恢复精力；使凉爽

35. emotionally adv. 感情上地；情感上地

emotion emotional

36. empower v. 增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势

37. permission n. 准许；许可；批准

permit

38. justify v. 对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护）

39. awareness n. 知道；认识；意识

Phrases and Expressions

1. pile up 堆积；积压

2. come down with 患，得，染上（小病）

3. slip away 消失；消亡；死去

4. respond to 作出反馈；响应

5. care for 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等）

6. tend to 照料；照管；护理

Feeling Free

I woke up feeling cranky（脾气坏的）. I didn't want to do housework, though the laundry was piling up. I didn't want to read the work I brought home from the office. I didn't want to do anything that resemble d responsible behavior. It was that kind of day.（承上总结句）

感受自由

一醒来我的心情就很糟糕。我不想做家务，尽管要洗的衣服已经堆积如山。我也不想理会那些我从办公室带回家的工作。我不想做任何负责任的事。这就是那样的一天。

As I drank my morning tea, I thought I felt a headache coming on. Yes, there it was, a dull throb(跳动)just behind my eyes. Maybe I should go back to bed until it subside d（消退）. As I put the dishes in the sink, it seemed that my muscles were beginning to ache. Or was the ache in my joints? That could

mean I was coming down with the flu. （承上启下句）Everyone I knew had the flu this year. Why should I be the one to escape（免于）it? I absolutel y should be in bed.

当我喝早茶的时候，我就感到阵阵头痛袭来。是的，就是，一阵隐隐约约的疼痛充斥着我的眼睛。或许，我应该继续睡觉直到疼痛消失。当我把盘子丢进水槽里的时候，我的肌肉好像也开始隐隐作痛。或许是我的关节在痛?那是不是我得了流感了呢?我认识的每个人今年都得了流感。凭什么我幸免于此?我的确应该躺在床上。

I shuffled（拖步走）back to bed, wiggled（扭动）under the covers and shut my eyes. Another couple of hours of sleep would be so nice, but I was already completely awake. I ought to get up. But no, there was that headache and the beginning of a sniffle（吸鼻子）. Better get the tissues.

我拖拉着回到床上，在被子下扭动了下就闭上了眼睛。能再睡几小时就好了，可我现在已经完全清醒了。我应该起床。不，还是不要了。我的头还痛着，鼻子也开始抽抽搭搭了，我最好去拿些纸巾。

本部分重点及难点：

1. Another couple of hours of sleep would be so nice, but I was already completely awake.

be completel y / wide awake

be fast / sound asleep

On my way back from the bathroom with a family-sized（家用的）tissue box, I stopped to grab that big new novel I had bought but had no time to read. I opened the book and settle d（安顿）against the pillows.

我去浴室取了一盒家庭装的纸巾，在回到卧室的路上，我停下来抓起那本我早买了但一直没有时间看的大部头小说。我靠在枕头上打开了书。

The morning was moving along and so was m y reading. Another twent y pages and I was stretching. I should try to crack（找到解决…方法）the report I was working on. I should at least get up and do the wash. What if I was contagious? I certainly didn't want to spread any germs. The wash could wait. My family was resourceful enough to scrounge（索取）clothing for the next day.

一早上就这样过去了，我的阅读也这样继续着。接着我又看了20页，我伸展了一下身体。我应该把那个我一直忙着的工作报告做完。或许，我至少应该起床，洗点衣服。要是我患了传染性感冒怎么办?我可不想传播细菌啊。那些脏衣服可以等等再洗。家人有足够的能力找到第二天能穿的衣服。

Maybe I wasn't actually getting the flu. I didn't reall y want to be sick. To be truthful, all I wanted was a little time off. I needed to nurture(养育)m yself away from people, chores(琐事), career and the outside world. Did I have to wait to be sick to do that? As a child, the onl y respite(暂停)from school or family chores was illness. Bu t I wasn't a child any more. Did I have to

manufacture(捏造)symptoms to provide myself with an excuse? No, I decided, I didn't.

或许我根本就没有感冒。我其实也并非真想生病。说实话，我只是想要一点闲暇的时间而已。我想让自己远离人群、琐事、职业以及外面的世界。我就非得等到生病了才能那样吗?孩子能不上课或不做家务的唯一方法就是生病，但我已经不再是个孩子了。我不得不装出生病的症状来给自己找借口吗?不，我决定了，我不需要。

本部分重点及难点：

3. I needed to nurture m yself away from people, chores, career and the outside world.

nurture 养育，培养，培育；支持，鼓励

Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood. 父母们想了解把他们的孩子养育成人的最好方法。

She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son. 她一直在培养她儿子的雄心大志。

The human learns partly by nature, partly by nurture. 人的学习能力部分是先天的，部分是后天培育的。

nature and nurture 先天与后天，遗传与环境；先天遗传说和后天培养说

We want to nurture the project, not destroy it. 我们要支持这个新工程，不要破坏它。

4. Did I have to manufacture symptoms to provide myself wit h an excuse?

(1) manufacture 编造，捏造

(2) provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb.

I talked to m yself. Okay, I said, you need a day off. Admit it. Accept it. Toss out(扔掉) the guilt and enjoy a mini-vacation. What would you like to do? Read? You're already doing that. Pamper(纵容,放纵)yourself? Take a bubble bath. Be a hermit(隐士)? Let the machine answer the phone.

我和自己交谈，好的，我说，你需要休息一天。承认吧，接受吧，抛掉罪恶感，去享受这个小假期。那你想做些什么呢?阅读吗?你已经那么做了啊。要不就纵容一下自己，洗个泡泡浴?还是就做个隐士，让答录机去接电话呢?

I poured half the bottle of bath gel into the streaming water and added a heart y(大的) handful of chamomile(春黄菊)bath salts. Then I lit a vanilla-scented (香草味的) candle and gingerl y stepped into the bathtub. With a grateful sigh, I immerse d myself in my homemade spa. I heard the phone ring somewhere off in the distance and smiled.

我在水中倒了半瓶沐浴露，还加了一大把甘菊浴盐，然后点起一支香草味的蜡烛，轻手轻脚地走进了浴缸里。我长舒了一口气，泡起了自制的水疗。我听见远处电话响起，笑而不应。

It is funny how the aches subsided in the heat of the tub. They just slipped away with the last of the bubbles down the drain. My head felt just fine, the throb replaced by a sense of well-being.

真是有意思，在热气腾腾的浴缸里，那些疼痛竞消失得无影无踪了，它们都随着最后的泡泡流进了下水道里。我的头感觉好多了，眼痛也被美好的感觉取而代之。

By late afternoon, I was back at it(恢复原样), refreshed physicall y, mentally and emotionally. And rather than feeling helpless, I felt empowered.

I had given m yself permission to listen and respond to m y needs, to care for myself the way I tended to(注意,留心)my family. I didn't need the crutch(拐杖) of illness to justify a rest. It was such a simple awareness, but then isn't it the simple things that set us free?

下午晚些时候，我恢复了精神，身体上，精神上，情绪上全都焕然一新。我也不再感到无助，反而感觉到充满力量。我给了自己倾听并满足自己需求的机会，像照顾家人一样关心了一下自己。我根本不需要生病这样的理由去休息。这其实是一个非常简单的意识，不过难道不是那些简单的事情让我们感到自由吗?

本部分重点及难点：

5. I had given myself permission to listen and respond to my needs, to care for myself the way I tended to my family.

(1) give sb. permission to do sth.

(2) respond to one's needs: meet one's needs

(3) the way sb. did sth.

(4) tend to sb. 照顾，照料

(5) 译文：我给了自己倾听并满足自己需求的机会，像照顾家人一样关心一下自己。

6. I didn't need the crutch of illness to justify a rest.

(1) crutch: 拐杖；依靠，支持

(2) justify: prove sth. to be reasonable

The high qualit y of the cloth justifies its high price.

课后习题参考答案

Text A

I.1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D

II . Section A

1. Awareness

2. Resemblance

3.permission

4. Emotional

5. Settlement

6.justification Section B

1. Subsided 2 . Manufactured 3. Subsiding 4. Refreshed 5. Symptoms 6. Nurtured

Section C

1. up

2. With

3. to

4. away

5. out

6. set

III. l. In addition to 2. Unfortunately 3. One 4. get out of 5. Physically 6. Through 7. Free 8. Either 9. Positive 10. rather than

IV. Section A

1. waiting until problems are piling up

2. respond to our request for help

3. had come down with the flu, and had to stay jn bed

4．He will be set free

5. justify your cheating on the exam

Section B

不要拿自己跟别人对比，低估自己的价值，原因就在于我们是不同的，每个人都是独特

的个体。不要把别人认为重要的目标当作是自己的目标，只有你自己才知道什么是最适合你的。不要整天生活在对过去的回忆或者将来的憧憬里，让日子从指缝悄悄溜走。而应该生活在当下，生活在生命中的每一天。不要不敢承认自己不够完美，正是脆弱的天性将我们紧紧联系在一起。不要让时光虚度，自己都不知道曾经去过哪里，也不知道要去哪里。不要忘记一个人最大的情感需求就是感到自己得到了赏识。不要浪费时间和话语，因为这些东西一旦失去就不可以复得。生活不是一场比赛，而是一段旅程，一路上每走出一步都要仔细品味。

V．2 4 1 3 5

Ⅵ．好多时候，人们感觉精疲力竭，想放松一下，但是总是放弃这样的想法，仅仅是因为生活忙忙碌碌的，不能真正放松自己。即使真的放松自己，总觉得很内疚，感觉自己不负责任。然而，人们需要倾听并满足自己的需求，就像上面故事中的作者一样关心自己。你同意这种观点吗？除了生病人们可以放松自己之外，你能否列出其他的理由？请举例说明自己的观点。

III. 部分练习讲解

P325 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.

解题方法：把词分类

动词形容词副词介词代词

get out of positive physically through one

free unfortunately in addition to either（限定词）

rather than

Nothing takes its toll on the body（对身体有害）like stress. 1 In addition to the mental damage that it causes, stress is also linked to many diseases, including cancer. 2 Unfortunately, in today's world, most of us are experiencing a stressful life with no way to get out of it - or so we think.

If you are 3 one of the many people who want to alleviate your stress, you can learn some simple techniques to help you 4 get out of the vicious cycle of leading a stressful life. Your stressful life does not just affect you, but everyone around you. It affects your relationships as well as any children or co-workers. Most of all, it can actually make you 5 physically ill.

Do you reall y want to go 6 through the rest of your life feeling "stressed out"? Do you like the idea of feeling "out of control" and that everything in life is a trial? Perhaps it is time for you to confront this situation and seek help to restore some sort of balance in your life and break 7 fre e from this cycle.

There are many facets to stress. Stress manifests itself（显露）in many different ways and can be 8 either self-induced（自诱导的）or something that occurs in life. We can never eliminate stress from our lives, as stressful situations are part o f life. However, we can learn to react to stress in a 9 positive manner and take control of the situation 10 rather thanallowing the stress to remain in control.

Text B

New words

1. skinny adj. 极瘦的；干瘦的；皮包骨头的

2. curly adj. 鬈发（或毛）的；卷曲状的

3. adjust v. 适应；习惯

4. worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）的

5. pubert y n. 青春期

6. tempting adj. 吸引人的；诱人的；有吸引力的

7. celeb n. 名人（celebrity的缩写）

8. bloomer n. 完全成熟的人

9. temporary adj. 短暂的；暂时的；临时的

10. spurt n.（速度、干劲、活动或感情的）短时激增，迸发

11. permanentl y adv. 永久地；永恒地；长久地

12. gene n. 基因

13. embarrassed adj. （人或行为）（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的

embarrass embarrassed embarrassing embarrassment

to one's embarrassment much to one's embarrassment

to one's great embarrassment

14. mature v. 成熟；长成

maturity immature

15. bulked-up adj. 胀大的；发起来的

16. influence v. 影响；对…起作用

Influential 注意比较benefit-beneficial

17. criticize v. 批评；批判；挑剔；指责

critic critical criticism

18. hurtful adj. 感情的；伤害自尊的

19. peer n. 身份（或地）l相同的人；同龄人；同辈

20. racial adj. 种族的；种族间的

21. ethnic adj. 种族的；民族的

22. prejudice n. 偏见；成见

23. ignorance n. 无知

ignore ignorant

24. independent adj. 自立的；自食其力的

25. boost v. 使增长；使兴旺

26. optimistic adj. 乐观的；抱乐观看法的

optimist optimism 反义词：pessimist pessimistic pessimism 27. capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的

incapable capability

28. lifestyle n. 生活方式；工作方式

29. combination n. 结合体；联合体；混合体

combine combined 结合的，化合的

30. verify v. 核实；查对；核准

31. ultimately adv. 最终；最后；终归

32. nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的

nutrition malnutrition 再如：maltreat, malfunction

Phrases and Expressions

1. put…down 使（当众）出丑；使出洋相；让某人现眼

2. go through 经历；遭受

3. be linked to 与…有联系

4. fill out 膨胀；扩张；长胖；长肥

5. feel good 感到愉快(或有信心等)

6. keep track of 了解…的情况（或动态）

Self-Esteem and Body Image

I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curl y hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs.

自尊和自身形象

我很胖。我太瘦了。要是我能再高一点我就开心了。要是我能再矮一点我就开心了。要是我是卷发我就开心了。要是我是直发我就开心了。要是我的鼻子能再小一点我就开心了。要是我的肌肉能再发达点我就开心了。要是我的腿能再长点我就开心了。

Do any of these statements sound familiar?（承上句）Are you used to putting yourself down(贬低;使出丑)? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of（大量的）changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem.

这些表述听起来熟悉吗?你经常贬损自己吗?如果是，那也不是你一个人这么做。十几岁的时候，你的身体会经历大量的变化。你的身体改变了，你的个人形象也改变了。很多人都很难调整适应这些变化，这就会影响到他们的自尊。

Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?

Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile(=worthy)they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more.

为什么自尊和自身形象这么重要?

自尊就是关于人们如何评价自己，他们对自己的自豪感以及他们觉得自己的重要程度。自尊非常重要，因为自我感觉是否良好会影响到你的行为。自尊心强的人交朋友会比较容易，更能控制自己的行为，也更会享受生活。

Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. For many people, especially those in their earl y teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care more about how others see them.（承上句）自身形象就是一个人对自己的外表感觉如何。对很多人来说，尤其是刚十几岁的时候，自身形象和自尊心的关系紧密，这是因为随着孩子们步入青春期，他们会更在意别人怎么看他们。

What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?

Puberty(青春期)

Some teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin pubert y because the body goes through many changes. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.

什么会影响一个人的自尊?

青春期

一些十几岁的孩子会在青春期开始时在自尊这个问题上比较纠结，这是由于他们的身体经历着许多变化造成的。身体上的变化，加上希望得到认可的内在渴望意味着他们会很难不把自己和其他人比较。他们可能会把自己和身边的人比较，也可能会和在电视上、电影里或是杂志上看到的演员或名人来比较。

本部分重点及难点：

1. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others.

(1) natural desire 天生的欲望

(2) it can be tempting（吸引人的，诱惑人的）for people to compare themselves with others 中it是形式主语，真正的主语是for people to compare themselves with others, for people作不定式的逻辑主语。

注意不定式和动名词逻辑主语的选择

It's selfish of you to think of yourself all the time（你老是想着自己）.

It's important for you to master a foreign language（你掌握一门外语）.

It's +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此类形容词包括：nice, kind, cruel, selfish, selfless, brave, wise, foolish, stupid 等。

Do you mind m y/me/ Tom's / Tom opening the window（我/汤姆开窗）?

His/Tom's having left home（他/汤姆离家出走）made his parents very sad.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】24. It's essential ______ to keep a dictionary at hand while you are reading an English novel.

A． that you

B． your

C． of you

D． for you

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查不定式的逻辑主语。形容词essential不是表示人的品质、行为的词，故选择for you而不是of you。如果选择A应该把题干中空格后的to去掉，即essential后接用虚拟语气的从句。

【知识点】不定式的逻辑主语

But it's impossible to measure ourselves against(对照…评价;同…较量)others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone.（承上启下句、主题句）Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers(成熟者). Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt（急剧增长）; others fill out(长胖)permanently, and still others feel like(感觉象是;摸起来如同;想要)they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. It all depends on how our genes have program med(规划)our bodies to act.（承上总结句）

但是把我们和其他人作比较是不可能的，因为在青春期的变化每个人都是不尽相同的。有些人会成熟得早，有些人成熟得晚。有些人可能因为生长发育会暂时发福，有些人可能一直都会很胖，还有一些人不管吃多少都会很纤瘦。这完全取决于我们的基因怎么样控制我们的身体去变化。

The changes that come with pubert y can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feet pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough.

青春期里这样的变化会影响女孩和男孩对他们自己的看法。有些女孩可能会因为发育得快而

觉得不舒服或者尴尬。还有人可能还希望他们能发育得更快一点。女孩们可能在保持纤瘦方面感

到有压力，男孩们可能会担心他们看起来不够高大或者强壮。

本部分重点及难点：

2. But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone.

measure oneself against ... 对照……评价自己，一较高下，与……较量

3. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act.

(1) depend on 取决于

It depends. 看情况吧。

(2) program 使按预定的步骤进行

our genes have programmed our bodies to act 我们的基因已经设定好了身体将如何成长

Outside Influences

It's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors (like media images of skinny girls and bulked-up身材魁梧的guys) can affect a person's body image too.

外界影响

并不是只有发育会影响他们的自尊心。许多其他的因素也能影响个人的自身形象，比如媒体

中纤瘦的女孩们或是身材魁梧的男孩们的形象。

Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem.

家庭生活有时也会影响自尊心。有些家长批评他们的孩子的行为和外表的时间比表扬他们的

时间还要多，这样也会削减孩子们培养良好的自尊心的能力。

People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing(取笑) about the way they look from classmates and peer s. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments. Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem.

在外表这个问题上，人们还可能会遭受同学或是同龄人的负面评论或是恶意嘲讽。有时候，

这样的评论也来源于种族或民族歧视。尽管这些评论通常都源于无知，但有时它们还是会影响一

个人的自身形象和自尊心。

Healthy Self-Esteem

If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and mentall y. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem.

健康的自尊心

如果你有积极向上的自身形象，那么你可能会喜欢并接受你自己自然的样子。这种健康的态

度让你探索成长过程中的其他方面，比如建立良好的友谊，更加独立于父母，或是在身体和精神

上挑战自己。发掘你自身这些方面能够帮助你增强自尊心。

A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, "Hey, I'm human" instead of "Wow, I'm such a loser" when you've made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don't go as expected.

积极乐观的态度能够帮助人们建立强烈的自尊心。例如，当犯错误的时候说“嘿，我只是个普通人”而不是“糟糕，我是个失败者”，或是当事情无法如愿发展的情况下不去责怪别人。

Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifest yle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination for building good self-esteem.

知道什么能让自己开心并且怎样去实现目标能让你感到更有能力，更坚强，更能把握自己的生活。积极的态度和健康的生活方式(比如运动和合理饮食)是建立良好自尊的最佳组合。

Tips for Improving Your Body Image

Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actuall y all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.

提升自身形象的建议

有些人认为，他们需要改变自身的外表或是做事情的方式来让自己感觉良好。但是其实你需要做的只是改变你看待自己的身体的方式以及你对自己的看法。

The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor t o verify that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.

第一件事就是认识到，不管你胖瘦、高矮或是肤色，你的身体都是你自己的。如果你非常担心你的体重或者身高，找医生检查一下是不是一切都正常。但是你的身体怎么样是你自己的事，和别人无关。最终，你还是要对自己感到满意。

Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't. Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming celeb) has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size.

第二件事，确认一下你外表的哪些方面可以改变，哪些你不能改变。每个人(即使是看起来最完美的社会名人)都会有他不能改变而必须接受的东西，就像身高或是鞋子的尺码。

If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!

如果有些事情你想改变并且能够改变(比如身体的健康程度)，那么就给自己制定一些目标。例如，如果你想变得健康，那么就制定一个计划，每天锻炼并且吃有营养的食物。然后掌握你的进步状况直到达到你的目标。达到自己设定的挑战是增强自尊心的一个好办法!

本部分重点及难点

4. If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself.

do sth. for oneself为自己做事

Good students should learn to think for themselves.

do sth. by oneself自己做事

Because there was nobody else, he had to do it by himself.

live to oneself 过孤独的生活

He bought a house near his widowed mother's because he didn't want her to live to herself.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】25. You are over 18 now, so try to carry out the task ______ oneself. That is, please try to do it _______.

A． by, independent

B． for, independently

C． to, dependently

D． in, dependentl y

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查for / to / by oneself及dependentl y / independently。for oneself相当于independently，强调主观能动性，意为"独立地"；by oneself相当于alone，强调客观含义，意为"独自地"。故本题选择B，句意为"你已经超过18岁了，所以尽量独立完成这样任务。也就是说，请独立做这件事。"

【知识点】for / to / by oneself及dependently / independently

重点知识补充：构词法

英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。

构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。

一、派生法

在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法。词缀分为前缀和后缀。

（一）后缀：

许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。

1.构成名词的常用后缀有：

（1）-er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。

如:writer, translator,trainee, employee, scientist, physicist, musician, physician, Italian, Asian, Chinese, assistant等。

（2）-ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -al, -ing, -it y, -ment, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。

如：acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repe tition, preparation, discussion, division, arrival, survival, approval, disapproval, building, reality, simplicity, ability, rapidity, regularity, argument, warmth, length, growth, safet y, leadership, failure, pressure, friendship等。

（3）其他名词后缀：-hood, -ness, -ology, -phy。

如：childhood, neighborhood（附近，街坊）, motherhood（母性，母亲身份）, kindness, happiness, sadness, biology, psychology, philosophy, geography

2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -l y, -y, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。

如：available, suitable, responsible, natural, national, powerful, helpful, faithful, successful, fearless, useless, helpless, selfless, selfish, childish, decisive, famous, continuous, African, American, European, scientific, historic, friendl y, lively, thirst y, nois y, pleasant, dependent, consistent（一贯的）, imaginary, golden, wooden等。

3. 构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise/ize, -en, -ify等。

如：modernize, realize, widen, strengthen, beautify, modify（修饰）等。

4. 构成副词的后缀有：-ly, -ward(s), -wise。例如：completely, rarely, trul y, simply, backward(s), forward(s), clockwise, likewise同样地

（二）前缀

1. 表示相反意义的前缀有：un-, dis, -in, -im, -ir, -il, -de等。

如：unhappy, unreasonable, uncomfortable, uncover（揭露）, unload（卸货）, dislike（注意比较unlike）, dishonest, disagree, informal, inaccurate, inactive, imbalanced, impossible, immobile, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical, devalue（贬值）等。

2. 表示其他意思的前缀有：

anti-: 表示"反"，"反对"

antisocial 反社会的

anto-: 表示"自己的"

autobiography 自传

bi-: 表示"二" bicycle 自行车；

bilingual 双语的

bio-: 表示"生物的" biology 生物学；

biochemical 生化的

co-: 表示"共同" cooperate 合作；

co-existence 共存，共处

counter-: 表示"相反"，"反对"

counterattack 反击

de-: 表示"除去"，表示否定 decompose 分解；

defrost 除霜

en-: 表示"使"，"使处于……状态"

enable, enrich, enlarge, endanger

inter-: 表示"在……之间"，"互相"

international 国际的；interpersonal 人际的

kilo-: 表示"千"

kilometer 公里，kilogram公斤

mal-: 表示"错误"，"坏"

malfunction 出故障，失灵；malnutrition 营养不良； maltreat / mistreat虐待mid-: 表示"中间"

midnight 午夜；midday 中午

mini-: 表示"极小的"，"极短的"

minibus 小型公共汽车，面包车；miniskirt 超短裙

mis-: 表示"错误的"

misunderstand 误解；mistake

non-: 表示否定

nonstop 不停的；non-defective 没有缺陷的；non-smoker非烟民

post-: 表示"后"，"以后"

postwar 战后的；postdoctor 博士后

pre-: 表示"在……之前"

preview 预习；predict 预言

re-: 表示"再"，"重新"

rewrite 重写；review 复习；retell 复述

sub-: 表示"在……下面"

subway 地铁；submarine 潜水艇 marine 海洋的，海洋的；舰队

super-: 表示"超级的"

uperman; supermarket

tele-: 表示"远距离的"

telephone; telescope 望远镜；telegram 电报

tri-: 表示"三"

tricycle

under-: 表示"在……之下"，"不足"

underestimate; understatement

二、合成法

如：output, by-product, duty-free, undergo, overthrow 推翻

三、转换法

词形不变，单词的词性发生转变。如：dream, look, back等。

Text B

I . Section A

1.Y

2.N

3.N

4.Y

5.Y

6.Y

Section B

l. feeling good about yourself can affect how you act

2. a person's body image

3. to compare themselves with others

4. Body image

5. a strong self-esteem

6. do this by making goals for yourself

II . Section A

1 . capability 2. Combination 3. Adjustment 4. ignorant 5. Hurtful 6. permanently Section B

1.verifying

2.Varying

3.Embarrassed

4.criticized 5 . Tempt 6. prejudice Section C

1. down

2. to

3. about

4. With

5. through

6. of

III. Section A

1. put down because of coming back late

2. don't care about what measures you take

3. keep track of your capital/money

4. they are nothing compared with yours

5. makes us feel good about the effortswe have made in the past decade

Section B

人生在世，和“自己”相处最多，打交道最多，但是往往悟不透“自己”。人生得意之时，往往把自己估计过高，似乎一切所求的东西都能唾手可得；运气和机遇都会青睐你，成为你人生价值的一部分，这让你欣喜若狂。在不得意时，又往往把自己估计过低，把困难和不利看作是因为自己无能。你可能认为安分守己、与世无争是明智之举，而实际上往往被怯懦的面具窒息了自己鲜活的生命。悟透自己，就是正确认识自己，做一个冷静的现实主义者，既知道自己的优势，也知道自己的不足。

Ⅳ．Section A

1. The main point I'II try to make in this paper is that out state should legalize gambling.

2. The exercises that Susan does every day give her more energy to deal with the happenings of everyday Iife.

3. It's a proven fact that there is no cure yet for the common cold.

4. Another issue to be mentioned is whether the aforementionedlimitation applies to foreign

oil extraction taxes.

5. Due to the easy access of internet resources in many places, the vast majority of users seek those kinds of devices easy to carry with wherever they go.

Section B

l. For one thing 2. Even after 3. Second 4. In addition

5. Thus

6. Though

7. On the other hand

8. Only when

Self-Assessment 3

笫一部分：阅读判断题

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.B

9.A 10.A

第二部分：阅读选择

11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子

16.B 17.D 18.A 19.F 20.E 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.E

第四部分：填句补文

26.F 27.C 28.E 29.B 30.A

第五部分：填词补文

31.B 32.F 33.H 34.D 35.A 36.J 37.L 38.1 39.K 40.E

第六部分：完形补文

41. dissatisfaction 42. balanced 43. Healthy 44. vigorous 45. shameful 46. Failure 47. perception 48. comfortable 49. Impossible 50. fulfilled 第七部分：短文写作

略

自考《英语二》2012版课程代码00015 课文英汉对照

Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading? 2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically? Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. 批判性阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 Question assertion s made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if

2012版自考英语二-课本翻译

第1课Text A 批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。第1课Text B 自信的语言语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。’ “尽力” 这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，

自考英语二(新版) 原文 Unit 10 Ode to Public Transportation

Unit 10 Ode to Public Transportation A Famous Quote: Plain living and high thinking. –William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (1770-1850), one of the greatest English poets. He was a leader of the romantic movements in England and one of the greatest lyric poets in the history of English literature. Text A: The Importance of Public Transportation Pre-reading Questions: 1. Do you find it important to use public transportation? What are some of the reasons? 2. What suggestions do you give to others on using public transportation? A US Congressman once proclaimed that, “There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy.” I know exactly what he means. In this day and age, access to transportation is considered a necessity. Public transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative. It is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for cabin or suite on a train or ship) since you have to consider other passengers who are riding and making similar arrangements with you. I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. I live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a taxi to go from point A to point B. Otherwise you end up basked in a sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to the store and lugged my heavy groceries back to the house. I walked to church and I barely got to places farther than a twenty-mile radius from my house since I did not own a car then, and I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time. For me, public transportation is very important because of the following

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第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

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