研究生实用英语期末考试说明2013

2012级研究生实用英语期末考试说明

（2012-2013学年第二学期）

1. 考试时间

（1）口语考试时间：第16周星期日（6月9日，3，14班）

第16周星期四（6月13日，25，36班）

第17周星期二（6月18日，3，14班）

第17周星期四 (6月20日，25, 36班）

第18周星期二（6月25日，3，14班）

第18周星期四（6月27日，25，36班）

（2）写作考试时间： 18周周四 (6月27日) 以后，由研究生院统一安排, 请留意研究生院网页通知

2. 考试形式及题型

（1）口语考试（总40分）

形式：每3-4个考生为一组，每组从课程口语部分的10个话题中随机抽取1个话题，10-15分钟准备，15分钟考试，其中10分钟考生就话题展开活动，形式不限，5分钟老师提问。每

个话题附有若干子话题：每组考生可以共同选择其中某一个子话题进行交谈等（形式不

限），也可以分别选择不同的子话题。列出的子话题仅供参考，考生也可以在不脱离抽到

的话题的条件下自由发挥。

注意事项：

* 请各组考生按任课老师安排的时间到平时上课的教室参加考试并签到。

* 考试时考生如果查看甚至照读准备的内容，以不及格论处。

* 每位考生的发言时间原则上不少于2分半钟。

（2）写作考试（总30分）：

题型：信函写作10分+摘要句子排序5分+摘要汉译英15分

形式：开卷

时间：60分钟

注意事项：

* 由研究生院安排统考，具体考场安排届时见研究生院网页。

* 考试安排中会列出班号，上课的时间，教室，教师姓名等信息，各考生一定要到自己上课所在班级相应的考场参加考试并签到，否则造成成绩缺失的，后果自负。

口语考试话题、子话题见2-3页！

Topic 1 Health

A healthy body is very important to every one of us. When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work; and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed. When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life. The methods to keep us fit vary. In the morning, you can get up early, go outdoors, breathe the fresh air, and do physical exercises. Running and swimming are extremely helpful to keep one fit. If you are a busy person and have no special time allocated to do these things, there are still some ways useful for to keep fit. The easiest way is to walk to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus. You also have to take a routine physical check – up. Your doctor will know the condition of your body most clearly, and he will give you the most valuable advice to keep fit. You should always try to make yourself happy. If you feel happy, you can eat well, sleep well, and your body is sure to be in an excellent condition. Health is the most valuable possession a person expects in his life. Try every means to keep fit is my advice to the people who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world.

Sub-topic 1

What important factors contribute to health? Why?

1) A healthy diet. (A balanced diet) We shouldn’t choose food that is not so good for us and

healthy eating is crucial in life. As we all know, what you eat, what you are. Nowadays many people are affected by obesity. So in order to keep well, we should eat more fruits and

vegetables to get vitamins and minerals.

2)Good living habits. As an old saying said: Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,

wealthy and wise.

3)Be active. Mental and physical are included. We should try to make ourselves happy. It will

keep us feel good. Because when we feel happy, our body is sure to be in an excellent

condition. So we should get a group of friends instead of doing things alone. Ofcourse, being physical active is of equal importance, our body can’t be working well if we don’t do any

physical exercises. To avoid this kind of occasion happens, we should try to walk instead of taking the bus or car. And we should go for a walk instead of sitting down and watching

television after supper.

Sub-topic 2

Which is more important, mental health or physical health? Why? How to keep mental health or physical health?

1)Mental health refers to emotional stability and an active lifestyle. Good mental health can help

you enjoy your life more, handle difficult situations easier, stay better connected to your family, your friends and your community.

2)Physical health refers to a good body condition.

I think mental and physical are equally important.

Sub-topic 3

What is the biggest threat to people’s health in modern society? Why? How to cope wi th it?

1)Cigarette smoking.

2)Drinking

3)Emotional instability such as anxiousness, depression, vulnerability and anger

4)Lack of outdoor exercises.

Topic 2Traveling

Sub-topic 1:

What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?

We should make some preparations for travelling. We would pay attention to the weather, routes, accommodation and food of the destination. And according to the information we get, we could get ready for our luggage like clothes, money, umbrella, sunglasses and so on. Perhaps we also need map of the destination if we are not familiar with it. Besides these, we also need confirm that the power of our home has been turned off and the windows have been closed. And sometimes we’d better give houses key to our friends or parents in case that we lose them during the journey.

Sub-topic 2:

Where do you dream to go to? Why?

I’d like to go to Paris some day. Paris is the capital of France and it is an artistic city. For centuries, this city has attracted the admiration of the world. Many visitors are attracted by its’beautiful scenery. The well-known scenic spots in Paris are Eiffel Tower (埃菲尔铁塔) which is 320 meters high, is the symbol of Paris. Then Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) ,it is the world’s the most famous and greatest art treasures. It is a palace of art and it is also the oldest palace in France. Notre-Dame Cathedral （巴黎圣母院）, Seine River （塞纳河）, Triumphal Arch （凯旋门）and Champs Elysees(香榭丽舍). Paris is also a romantic and fashionable city. There are many fashion shows in France. The price of the luxurious goods like LV, Chanel and Dior and Hermes is much lower than the price on the international markets, even lower than the price in Hong Kong. So Paris is a good place for shopping. The delicious food and red wine is also attract many tourists.

Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?

I prefer travelling by myself with a free line.

Topic 3 Job and Career

Sub-topic 1

What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?

Polular jobs：internet developer architect financial analyst computer software application internet designer computer software engineer

Newly arisen careers:viedeo game testers professional gamers professional apologizer professional bargainer hypnotist news seller color adviser pet health carer baby nurser

Sub-topic 2

What is career planning? How to do it?

I think carrer planning is a carrer design, it refers to the design and planing of one’s work,job or life at different stages. To do a career planning, First, identify value and get to know yourself. We should think about many aspects: interest, values, belief and motivators. Second, self-assessment. After you begin to develop a better understanding of yoursel, you will gain a better self-awareness,improve self-confidence.Third, academic and career options. You should learn about academic and career entrance requirements and indetify insitutes where you want to

apply.Forth,competency areas. To gain competency, one should interact with professionals and attend courses that would improve your professional skills. Most of all. You should pay attention to confidence building and time management.

Sub-topic 3

How to have a successful job interview?

Topic 4 Traffic and Transportation

Sub-topic 1

What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?

Sub-topic 2

How to avoid traffic accidents?

Sub-topic 3

Should private cars be encouraged in China?

Topic 5 Interpersonal Relationship

Sub-topic 1

What is important in ensuring good human relationships?

Sub-topic 2

Interpersonal relationship differs from culture to culture.

Sub-topic 3

Has the Internet brought people closer?

Topic 6 Love and Marriage

Sub-topic 1

Do you know speed dating and flash marriage? What are your opinions on them?

Sub-topic 2

What characteristics are so important in the opposite sex that may attract you?

Loyal, honest realiable,dependable responsible capable practical,realistic ambitious,agressive giving a sense of security,safety dutiful good at making/earning money

Sub-topic 3

Why are some people kept single?

Sub-topic 4

Why does marriage matter and how to make it last?

As we all know, love and marriage are closely related with each other. Someone may say”marriage is the tomb of love”, but I don’t think so. In my opinion, love is a prelude for marriage and marriage is where love continues to grow. Before marriage,love is passionate. But after marriage,love changed gradually into a realistic one.Once married, the couple have to deal with difficults and triles together. This kind of love is more durable. What’s more, love starts or ends naturally as the attraction between a man and a woman exists or fades away. For love, what we need is just to follow our heart, regardless of rights and obligations.But marriage is different, marriage is complicate and it requires duty and consideration. I think to make a marriage last, the most important is loyalty and responsibility ,communicating and unstanding, Apologizing and forgiving.we should give each other space and keep our temper.

Topic 7 House and Dwelling

Subtopic 1

Would you prefer to live in a single room or with partners? Why?

Subtopic 2

Would you prefer to rent a flat or buy your own apartment after you graduate from school? Why?

I think most of us want to have a flat belong to ourselves instead of renting one. But on the current situation, buying a house by our yong people alone is really hard. It is a great financial burden for us because the sales price of houses in big city is too high. As we all know, many young people would buy a house on mortgage. And many of them become mortgage slave and they must pay for the house every month. So I think I prefer to rent a flat after graduation and buy one until I have the certain economic capacity. From my point of view, compared with buying a house, renting a flat has a lot of advantages. It is more convenient and cheap. If we are not satisfied,we can change one. And we dont’t need to consider too much while renting a flat. We just care about its’ rental price and whether it is furnished or not. So at the current stage, I prefer to rent a flat.

Subtopic 3

What’s the house price in your city? Will it rise or lower in the near future? Why do you think so? Subtopic 4

Did you see the TV series “Dwelling Narrowness”(“蜗居”）? What are your comments on it?

Topic 8 Past and Future

Subtopic 1

What is the thing you cherish most in the past? Why?

The memory of the childhood is the most precious thing in the past. When it comes to childhood, many people believe that childhood is very important. Because it is the critical period for one’s character formation.It has an significant effect on one’s growth both physically and psy chologically. So the memory of the childhood is very important. And a happy childhood is surely the most unforgettable. As a child, we play very interesting games. Such as: kicking shuttlecock(踢毽子) , playing marbles(玩玻璃球) and playing various cards. At that time, we usually seek on TV after school. And ofcourse, I like cartoons very much. In my childhood, perhaps the most delicious food for me is instant noodle and cotton candy(棉花糖). I think childhood is a valuable gift for me. Subtopic 2

What are your ambitions and what do you expect most from life in the future?

Subtopic 3

Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak?

1)Atomic bomb

2)Space shuttle

3)Television

4)Man-made satellite

5)Airplane

6)Computer

7)Mobile phone

8)Internet

9)Clone

Topic 9 Fashion and life

Subtopic 1

What is fashion in your eyes? Is fashion relevant to social development?

People may think about fashion show, Models or fashion clothing when comes to fashion. And fashion is very popular in the modern society. In cities, guys and girls want to be fashion and they wear popular clothes. But different people have different feelings. In my opinion, fashion is not only about pop clothes, it also involves eating, living, buying even thinking. Fashion is life style. Fashion can pop, but fashion isn’t pop. In different years, fashion can be different and fashion is closely relevant to social development. The fashion changes as time goes by. Besides, I think fashion is not only outward, but also intrinsic. Maybe the pop thing isn’t suit you, we should find the suitable fashion for ourselves.

Subtopic 2

When you choose your wearing, what do you pay most attention to – fashion, quality or price? Do you prefer some brands of goods? Why or why not?

Within reasonable price, I will pay attention to quality firstly, and then fashion. I think the quality of clothes we wear is the most important. We must make sure that we feel comfortable and easy. Certainly, fashion is also important for our young people. In my opinion, fashion is just finding the suitable clothing style for us.

My favorite brand is NIKE. I like its’ high quality and its’ simple and easy design. The logo of Nike is a wing of the goddess of victory, is a symbol of success and speed.

Subtopic 3

What’s your opinion on luxuries? Do you think Chinese are more crazy on luxuries than westerners? Why?

Topic 10 Chinese and Foreigners

Sub-topic 1

Chinese and people from foreign countries have different ways to do things – the norms, rules, habits, values, which can be defined as culture. Generally, how to treat those cultural differences? Respect and understanding.

Sub-topic 2

Can you mention some cultural differences or even shocks between Chinese and foreigners (or some differences in different cities or areas in China)?

Take example of Chinese and Americans.

1)Food Differences. Chinese are used to use chopsticks while Westerns usually use fork and

knife. And Chinese eat rice while Westerns like eat pizza or hamburger.

2)Education Differences. This including family education and school education. In the US,

children are more independent. They know what to do at an early age and plan carefully to achieve the goals. While in China, parents usually prepare everything for you. What we do is just accept without doubt. And in China, there are usually many rules to tie down students.

Such as, sitting straightly, listening quietly and taking notes quickly while in class. But

Americans can talking freely, think lively and discuss enthusiastically.

3)Different spirits. In China, we usually highlight unity and persevering. While in US, personal

heroism is advocated. Like the superman.

4) Greeting styles. In China, when we meet acquaintances or friends, we always say, “Have you

eaten yet?” or “What are you going to do?” While in the US, people may say “Lovely weather, isn’t it?” or “How is everything going?”

Sub-topic 3

What do you think are the main factors to ensure a good relationship between Chinese and foreigners ?

In order to ensure a good relationship with foreigners, we should ensure respect and understanding. Respect is the foundation of communication. So it is very important to respect each other when communicate with foreigners. Since we have different language, different life styles, different thinking modes and different history and culture, then understanding is also important. We should take measures to understand each others’ living habits and increase communication, cooperation.评论，观念，各有不同做好自己那份就好

What’s more, we also should have a sense of humor when communicate with foreigners.

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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔件考试。高等学校根据考生成绩，按己确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此，高考应具有较高的信度、效度，必要的区分度和适当的难度。 Il.考试内容 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，在初中历史课程的基础上，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案(实验)》和《普通高中历史课程标准(实验)》的必修课程、选修课程系列的内容，确定历史学科考试内容。 历史学科考查对基本历史知识的掌握程度;考查学科素养和学习潜力;注重考查在科学历史观指导下运用学科思维和学科方法分析问题、解决问题的能力。 一、考核目标与要求 1.获取和解读信息 ·理解试题提供的图文材料和考试要求。 ·整理材料，最大限度地获取有效信息。 ·对有效信息进行完整、准确、合理的解读。 2.调动和运用知识 ·辨别历史事物和历史解释。 ·理解历史事实，分析历史结论。 ·说明和证明历史现象和历史观点。 3.描述和阐释事物 ·客观叙述历史事物。 ·准确描述和解释历史事物的特征。 ·认识历史事物的本质和规律，并做出正确阐释。

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研究生英语读写

Literature review There is abundant literature on academic misconduct, most of which has been published during the last two decades. The literature on plagiarism offers many different reasons for student plagiarism. These include, but are not limited to, time to complete tasks(poor time management), perceived disjuncture between award(grade)and effort required, too much work to complete over too many subjects, pressure to do well, perceptions that students will not get caught, anomie, motivation, and individual factors(age, grade point average, gender, personality type)(Anderman，Griesinger, and Westerfield, 1998; Anderman and Midgley, 1997; Calabrese and Cochran, 1990; Caruana, Ramaseshan, and Ewing, 2000; Davis, Grover, and Becker, 1992; Kibler, 1993; Love and Simmons, 1998; Newstead, Franklyn-Stokes, and Armstead, 1996; Park, 2003; Perry et a1., 1990; Roig and Caso, 2005; Sheard, Carbone, and Dick, 2003; Whitley, 1998). These studies tend to focus on individual student characteristics. Focusing on individual student characteristics can be problematic, as the emphasis is then placed on the individual behaviour change process, with little attention to socio-cultural and physical environmental influences on behavior. McCabe and Trevino (1997)examined both individual characteristics and contextual influences on academic dishonesty. Their results indicated that decision-making relating to academic dishonest behaviour is not only influenced by individual characteristics(e. g. age, gender and grade point average), but also contextual influences(e. g. the level of cheating among peers, peer disapproval of cheating, membership of societies for male and female students[fraternity／sorority], and the perceived severity of penalties for cheating). Therefore, to better understand student perceptions of plagiarism, we need to take into account not only individual student characteristics but also broader contextual factors. 0nly a few studies have been conducted to explore students’ perceptions of plagiarism, and these tend to focus on the reasons why students plagiarise(Ashworth, Bannister, and Thorne, 1997；Devlin and Gray, 2007; Marsden, Carroll, and Neill, 2005), or utilise attitude scales that are developed with the assumption that all relevant stakeholders share the same meaning frame of how plagiarism is understood(Brimble and Stevenson. Clarke, 2005; Franklyn. Stokes and Newstead, 1995; Hasen and Huppert, 2005; Lira and See, 2001). The assumption that the term plagiarism has shared meaning is due to the institution's reliance on university policy to be an instrument to both define what plagiarism is and the possible consequences if breached. It has been argued, therefore, that having a good understanding of institutional policy reduces the risk of engaging in plagiarism. Jordan(2001)found that students classified as non-cheaters reported greater understanding of institutional policy than did cheaters. The apparent lack of knowledge of institutional policy is further compounded by contradictory and often ambiguous information delivered by academic staff, as they also struggle to enforce an accepted and clear definition of plagiarism(McCabe, Butteriield, and Trevino. 2003). For instance, in a study conducted by Burke(1997), over half of the academics surveyed not only reported a lack of familiarity with the university’s policy on plagiarism, but also did not refer to the policy when dealing with incidents. As Carroll (2005a)suggests, it is this lack of clarity about plagiarism that influences how students perceive plagiarism. In order to both understand how students perceive plagiarism, and develop and evaluate learning materials aimed at educating students about plagiarism, Breen and Maassen(2005)conducted a two-phase research project, that firstly explored student perceptions of plagiarism and then developed learning materials to be embedded within courses. This was done