学术综合英语答案

学术综合英语答案

【篇一：学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译】

ass=txt>（做演讲）

of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. through

在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言

language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，

knowledge, and sustain culture. indeed, language is vital to think itself.

传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but

also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].

和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。

——语序的调整。

good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. they have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. as a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.

好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。

using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. if you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. as you prepare your speeches, ask yourself

constantly, “what do i really wa nt to say? what do i really mean?” choose words that are precise and accurate.

演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词

意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，

要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用

词一定要精准。

using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your

meaning immediately. you can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter].

用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这

一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。

using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. one

way (to make your

speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. you can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. metaphor is an implicit

comparison between things that are different yet have something i n common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”.

生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。

明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的

比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不

会出现like 和 as 这些连接词。

another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. parallelism

is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. repetition is the use of the same word

or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses

or sentences. alliteration comes from repeating the initial

constant sounds of close or adjoining words. antithesis is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

我们还可以充分利用语言的节奏感使演讲更加生动活泼。具体有以

下四种方式——排比，反复，押头韵和对偶。排比是指把一组或一

系列相关的字词句以相似结构排列起来。反复是指在连续几个从句

或句子的开头或结尾处使用相同的词和词组。押头韵则是通过重复

相邻之间单词首个辅音实现的。对偶通常是用平行的结构将相反的

想法并列在一起。

using language appropriately means adapting to the

particular occasion, audience, and topic at hand. it also means developing your own language style instead of trying to copy someone else’s. if your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is much more likely to succeed.

用语恰当意味着遣词造句要与特定的场合，观众以及谈论的话题相

适应。这也意味着你得建立自己的语言风格，不能简单抄袭他人。

如果使用的语言与各方面都很契合，那么演讲就更有可能取得成功。 good speeches are not composed of hot air and unfounded assertions. they need strong supporting materials to bolster

the speaker’s point of view.in fact, the skillfu l use of

supporting materials often makes the difference between a

good speech and a poor one.the three basic types of

supporting materials are examples,statistics and testimony.

好的演讲不能是空话连篇，也不能是一些毫无根据的论断；而是需

要有力的论据来支持演讲者的观点。事实上，能否有技巧地使用论

据会造成演讲效果的天壤之别。论据有以下三种基本形式：例子，

统计资料，引用。

in the course of a speech you may use brief examples—specific instances referred to in passing—and sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression. extended examples—often called illustrations, narrations, or anecdotes—are longer and more detailed.hypothetical examples describe imagery situations

and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the

audience. all three kinds of examples help to clarify ideas, to reinforce ideas, or to personalize ideas. to be more effective, though, they should be vivid and richly

textured.

在演讲时可以简单举例——即附带地提及几个具体的例子——有时

也需要接二连三举例来加深印象。延伸举例——也叫解释、叙述或

轶事——更长更详尽。假设举例描述的是想象的情景，能够很好地

把想法传达给观众。这三种不同的例子都有助于演讲者清晰地表达

观点，强调观点并使之打上演讲者的烙印。当然，要想演讲效果更好，演讲本身必须生动且结构丰富！

statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, [as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to your audience.] above all, you

should understand your statistics and use them fairly.

numbers can easily be manipulated and distorted. make sure {that your figures are representative of {what they claim to measure},that you use statistical measures correctly, and that you take statistics only from reliable sources.}

统计资料非常有助于演讲者传递信息，因为当演讲者适量地运用这

些资料并加以解释时，听众就能更好地理解其中的意义。最重要的是，演讲者必须理解这些统计资料并恰当使用。数字很容易被篡改、误报，因此必须确保自己所使用的数据不是张冠李戴的；必须确保

自己使用的统计措施是正确的；必须确保自己的统计资料来源是可

靠的。

testimony is especially helpful for student speakers, because they are seldom

recognized as expects on their speech topics. citing the views of people（ who are experts） is a good way to make your

ideas more credible. when you include testimony in a speech, you can either quote someone verbatim or paraphrase their words. as with statistics, there are guidelines for using testimony.be sure to quote or paraphrase accurately and to

cite qualified unbiased sources. if the source is not generally known to your audience, be certain to establish his or her credentials.

引用他人观点看法对学生演讲者来说尤其有用，因为学生很少会被

视为他们演讲相关主题方面的专家。引用专家的观点可以让你的想

法更可信。引用的时候，既可以逐字摘抄也可以自己总结一下。和

统计资料一样，引用也有原则可循——引用摘抄准确，来源合格无

偏见。如果观众对引用来源不太熟悉，一定要（想办法）取得他们

的信任。

the impact of a speech is strongly affected by how the speech is delivered. you

cannot make a speech without having something to say. but having something to say is not enough.you must also know

how to say it.good delivery does not call attention to itself.it conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and [without distracting the audience].

演讲的效果如何很大程度上取决于演讲是怎么做的。无话可说做不

好演讲，但要做好演讲，仅仅有话可说也是远远不够的，还要知道

如何说话才行。好的演讲不是要唤起观众对演讲本身的注意，而是

要向观众清晰有趣地传递演讲者的想法，同时还要有观众聚精会神

地聆听。

there are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with powerpoint, and speaking

extemporaneously, or impromptu. the last of these—speaking extemporaneously—is the method (you probably will use for classroom speeches and for most speeches

outside the classroom). when speaking extemporaneously,

you will have only a brief set of notes or a speaking outline. speaking with powerpoint is widely used now and very

effective indeed.

演讲有四种最基本的方法：照本宣科式；背诵式；ppt辅助演讲式

和即兴演讲式。最后一项即兴演讲是我们在课堂演讲和大部分课外

演讲中都要用到的方法.即兴演讲时，我们手上只有简单的笔记或演

讲提纲。现在，用ppt辅助演讲十分普遍，效果显著。

certainly there are other factors you should consider, such as personal appearance, bodily action, gestures, eye contact, volume, pauses and so on. by paying enough attention to what is mentioned above, you may present an effective speech.

当然还要考虑其他因素——譬如演讲者的个人形象，肢体语言，眼

神交流，声音的抑扬顿挫等等。尽量注意上述问题，演讲就会成功！ unit 2 energy in transition

能源转型

the era of cheap and convenient sources of energy is coming

to an end. a transition to more expensive but less polluting sources must now be managed.

能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去了，目前应向尽管价

格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

john p. holdren

understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving

as a necessary input to economic production. １．要了解这一

转变，首先需要考察一下能源和人类幸福的双重关系。能源为人类

提供了诸如取暖、照明等消费服务的同时，也为经济生产活动提供

必要投入，从这个意义上讲，能源为人类幸福做出了积极贡献。然而，人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱了能源为其带来的利益，

这种代价不仅包括为获取和利用能源所投入的资金和其他资源，而

且包含了能源开发和利用所产生的环境影响和社会政治影响。

for most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy － well-being equation. inadequacy of energy resources or (more often) of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence

inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. the 1970’s, then, represented a turning point. after decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs － and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status －energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.

２．人类历史发展长河中，人们主要关心的是能源和人类安康等式

中有利的一面。能源资源不足或者（更经常）开采、加工和分配这

些资源所需技术和机构的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，对

人类也就意味着不方便、损失以及对增长的各种限制。到了20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点。此前的几十年中，能源的资金成本一

直保持稳定，甚至有所下降，而且，其所牵扯的环境成本和社会政

治成本一直处于次要地位。但是20世纪70年代开始，开发和利用

能源的多方成本均显著增长。人们自然有理由认为：高昂的能源成

本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，

也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大

于其所带来的利益。

the crucial question at the beginning of the 1990’s is whether the trend that began in the 1970’s will prove to be temporary or permanent. is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing

geopolitics bring it back? one key determinant of the answer

is the staggering scale of

【篇二：学术综合英语unit1-unit5课后翻译及答案】tlines are essential to effective speeches.by outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. you will probably use two kinds of outlines for

your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.

in a preparation outline, you should state your specific

purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. the speaking outline should consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. it should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. in making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible.

发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想

法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言

提纲。

在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方

式确定主要观点和次要观点。发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这

些提要在你讲话时能够给你一些帮助。发言提纲还应包括帮助你记

忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰、易于辨认。

当你发表学术演讲时，首先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲的主

要观点要明确，层次要清楚。演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地

进行你的演讲。

before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of al, get well prepared for it. then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. when speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. from time to time, you should look at your audience. on one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

unit2

energy has a dual relationship with human well-being.for most of human history,man has been concerned mainly about the benefit side of the energy － well-being equation thank to the low costs involved in energy use.however,with the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of unprecedented population growth, coupled with an equally remarkable growth in per capita demand of industrial energy forms,energy entails increasingly higher costs,both external and internalized.on the one

hand,energy resources are reducing at an accelerating speed and energy supply requires higher input.on the other hand,the external costs seem more worrisome

because energy use poses serious threats to public health and safety,keeps disrupting the global ecosystem,and may trigger large-scale military conflict.

能源和人类利益有着双重关系，人力历史发展长河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面，然而，过去一百年来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，

同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长，因此，能源利用所需成本越

来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本

呢更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断

破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。

以上各种因素究竟如何影响能源供应的资金成本难以量化，部分原因是许多非环境因素实际上同环境因素相互交织在一起。比如，造

成工程施工延误的原因，不但有管理上的限制，而且有工程、管理

以及质量监控等方面的问题。然而在美国，过去20年中由于环境影

响，石油产品供应的资金成本至少上升了25%，而火电和核电生产的资金成本则上升了40%，甚至更多。

it is difficult to quantify the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply, in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. for example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineering, management and quality control. nevertheless, in the us, environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.

unit 3

two fatal wrecks in less than a 24-hour period over the thanksgiving weekend kolled three people, bringing to six the numbei of death in the past two weeks on springfield city streets.

with one month left in the year, at least 17 people have been killed in fatality accidents in springfield, including the three members of a chicago family who died the weekend before on interstate 44.

on sunday, springfield husband and wife jon bauer, 58, and juanita bauer, 59, died in the 2400 block of south glenstone avenue.

according to police ,jon bauer’s southbound 2001 hyundai santa fe sideswiped a 1995 chrysler cirrus ,also heading southbound , driven by chadd rohde,27 ,of mountain home , ark, at around 10:30a.m .

jon bauer’s vehicle continued south and struck a brick wall and utility pole at springfield nationgal cemetry.

the springfield fire department extracted the couple from the vehicle .juanita bauer was pronounced dead at the scene. jon bauer,who wan unconscious, was transported to st.john’s regional medical center, where he was later pronounced dead. traffic was shut down for four hours as police investigated the crash.

在感恩节的周末，24小时内发生了2起车祸，撞死了3个人，使得过去两周里斯普林菲尔德城市道路上死亡人数上升到6人。

本年度还剩下最后一个月，在斯普林菲尔德至少有17人死于车祸，其中包括上周在44号洲际公路上撞死的来自芝加哥的一家三口。

周日，斯普林菲尔德的一对夫妇，58岁的乔恩鲍尔和59岁的詹尼特。鲍尔在南格林斯顿大道的2400街区被车撞死。

据警察讲述，上午十点左右，乔恩鲍尔南行的2001现代圣达菲擦

边撞上了一辆同样往南开的1995年生产的克莱斯勒斯柔斯，司机是27岁的查德。罗德，来自阿肯色州的山居。

乔恩。鲍尔的车继续南行，撞在斯普林菲尔德国家公墓的砖墙上，

有撞上了一根公用电线杆。

斯普林菲尔德消防队把这对夫妻从车里拉出来，詹特妮。鲍尔被当

场宣布死亡，乔恩。鲍尔不省人事，被送到圣约翰地区医疗中心，

之后也被宣布死亡。

警察在调查现场时交通被关闭了四小时。

美国的研究人员使用了一种模拟驾驶器，观察40名志愿者分别在

手持手机通话驾驶、酒后驾驶以及专心驾驶的过程。结果显示：共

有三名志愿者发生追尾事故，司机当时均在打手机状态下。研究发现：无论手机是否处于免提状态，司机在通话状态下会放慢车速。

此外，采取刹车措施的反应速度也会减慢9%，二刹车后加速的速度

又会减慢19%。

using a driving simulator, some us researchers studied the driving of 40 people. some of them drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk, and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. the results showed that

there were three accidents in which the drivers were talking on cell phones--all of them involving a rear-ending. the research has found that those talking on the phone while driving are more sluggish. in addition, talking on the cell phone can

reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.

unit 4

perhaps it is our social concept of what is feminine and what

is masculine that reinforces the stereotype that women talk more than men, and even causes these different patterns of communication. maybe a woman is labeled talkative or is criticized for interrupting if she does it at all, because our culture--as well as many other cultures--teaches that women should be quiet if they want to be “feminine.” perhaps masculine culture encourages boys and men to dominate talk

and to interrupt more often, and males who talk a lot and interrupt often are not criticized for doing so. these differences in the patterns of communication and styles of communicating are studied by experts who study the effects of gender on communication. they study these effects in order to

understand why misunderstandings occur between men and women in conversation. often, it’s because their styles and patterns of conersation are so different. it is important that we learn to recognize these differences so that we can learn to communicate better with people of the other gender.

或许正是我们的男女社会观念加深了女人比男人话多这一模式化印象，甚至导致这些不同沟通方式的出现。如果一个女人真的在别人

说话时插嘴，她或许会被认为是话多，或许会为此受到批评，因为

我们的文化——还有其他许多文化——如此教导女性；她们如果想

要有女人味就必须文静，或许男性文化鼓励男孩和男人支配谈话并

更经常打断谈话，而且健谈和频繁打断话头的男性不会为此受到批评。研究性别对交流所产生的作用的专家们针对沟通模式和沟通风

格方面的这些差异进行研究，以便了解在男女对话中为什么会产生

误解。误解的产生常常是因为他们的对话风格和方式存在极大的差异。为了能学会更好地和异性交流，我

们有必要认识这些差异。

deborah tannen在她的畅销书《你就是不明白》中指出：虽然美

国男孩和女孩经常在一起玩，但大多数时间他们都是在各自的同性

别小组里玩耍。她还指出：虽然男孩和女孩确实在一起玩某些游戏，但他们最喜欢的游戏常常是不一样的。tanen和其他这方面的研究人员发现，男孩（比如8至12岁的男孩）喜欢在室外而不是室内玩耍，而且他们是在有等级结构的大组中玩耍。这帮男孩中通常会有一个

孩子头，他告诉别的男孩做什么、怎么做。正是通过发号施令和让

其他男孩按规则游戏，男孩子们在他们的玩伴那里获得更高度更重

要的地位。

in her best-selling book you just don’t understand,deborah tannen points out that, although american boys and girls often play together, they spend most of their time playing in same-

sex groups. she also points out that boys and girls do play some games together, but their favorite games are very often quite different. tannen and other researchers on this topic have found that young boys, say ages 8 through 12, tend to play

outside the house rather than in the house, and they play in large groups that are hiererchically srtuctured. a group of boys generally has a leader who tells the other boys what to do and how to do it. it is by giving orders and making the other boys play by the rules that boys achieve higher or more dominant status in their play group.

unit 5

in this age of instantaneous communications, it has become harder to hide wrongdoings:corrupt officials and business people are now exposed by private whistleblowers, government leaks, aggrieved competitors, and investigative reporters. publicity is an important deterrent because corruption can terminate careers. during the past year alone, scandals have brought down the prime minister of the ukraine, the deputy president of south africa, the leader of brazil’s ruling party, key kenyan government ministers, and the majority leader of the u.s. house of representatives. but systematic changes are necessary to ensure that corruption scandals stop repeating themselves like prurient tv show reruns.

leadership changes have occurred or are about to occur in key entities: the world bank, the oecd, the un, transparency international, and the international chamber of commerce. the resulting set of new leaders should get together with ngos and leaders from other key organizations, such as export-credit entities and internationgal law-enforcement agencies, to map out a broad anticorruption strategy and develop a consensus for near-term and middle-term action. 当前是一个信息即时交流的时代，要想掩盖恶行越来越难，因为眼下私人密探、走漏政府内部消息的人、愤愤不平的竞争对手以及那些刨根问底的记者们都会把那些贪污腐败的官员和奸商暴露出来，由于腐化堕落会断送事业前程，所以曝光是一种重要的威慑力量。仅去年一年，被丑闻拉下台的就有乌克兰总理、南非副总统、巴西执政党领袖、肯尼亚政府的几名地位显赫的部长以及美国众议院多数党领袖。但是确保腐败丑闻不会像色情电视剧那样重复上演，就必须进行系统的变革。

领导层的变革在诸如世界银行、经济合作与发展组织、联合国、透明国际以及国际商会的呢过和总店机构已经展开或者即将展开。改革后的新领导班子应该与非政府组织以及其他重要机构（如出口信

贷机构、国际执法部门等）领导人携手合作，以便制订全面的反腐

战略，

就近期和中期行动达成共识。

【篇三：综合英语i答案】

txt>unit 1

2. vocabulary

(1) eage (2) nebulous (3) defer (4) tempers

(5) squint (6) squeal (7) lenient(8)propelled

(9) cadets (10) squad

4. cloze

(1) comically (2) experience (3) entertains (4) conveying

(5) bemusement (6) anecdote (7) eyesight (8) professor

(9) adjusted (10) pass (11) economics (12) tackle

(13) football (14) studies (15) outstanding (16) keep

(17)simplest (18) hints(19) right(20) persona

5. translation

a. translate the following paragraphs into chinese

正如亚当被逐出伊甸园，我被撵出了大学校门；亚当违反的戒律是

偷吃了善恶之树的禁果，我的罪恶就是无视知识之树。在我大学第

一年差劲表现之后，我仔细考虑了自己被逐出大学的原因。现在我

意识造成我被逐出大学的两个因素：缺乏职业目标和过早的独立。

没有职业目标，我缺乏方向和动机。大约在中学最后一年过了一半时，我被父母追逼着到大学注册。但直到那时侯我还未考虑我想追

求什么职业。为了让他们不再说我，我告诉他们我想当一名工程师。虽然我在数学，物理和化学上得了高分，但是我对这些课感到厌倦，接着在大学的最初四个月里我不喜欢这些理科课程就变得很明显了。所有的理科课程都不及格。

b. translate the following sentences into english

(1) when he went to borrow money from his friend and was refused again, he flew into fury.

(2) mike was cut off from all but occasional radio communications with his armies in the campaign.

(3) as we walked along, we saw a rabbit pop up from its

burrow and scurry across the field.

(5) some people think if people marry, it ought to be for life;

the laws are altogether too lenient with divorcees.

(6) over the first four laps, benjamin stayed abreast of the german driver.

(7) speed, endurance and tactics are important factors in gaining the victory.

(8) a soccer team that retains championship year after year must have kept up its extraordinary performance with close coordination among its high-morale

members.

text b

i. key to the exercises

1. f.

2.t.

3.f.

4.t.

5.f.

6.t.

7.f.

8.f.

9.t 10.t.

unit 2

1. vocabulary

(1) ubiquitous (2) shed (3) embellished (4) pervasive

(5) optical (6) state-of-the-art (7) sleek (8) gregarious

(9) rigorous (10) intimidating

(1) ed to rest their eyes after staring a long time at the equipments.

4cloze

(1) access (2) tremendous (3) has released (4) currently

(5) allowing (6) furthermore (7) without (8) suitable

(9) extending (10) shown (11) throughout (12) over

(13) adding (14) keeping (15) about (16) learning

(17) found (18) commonplace (19) however (20) addressed

5translation

a. translate the following paragraph into chinese.

看似将要主宰世界的在线教育表现出停滞的趋势，这种趋势甚至远比大多数观察家想象的来得快。在最初开创性地宣布让高等教育上网之后的几年里，这种趋势好像从来没有被阻止过。教育科技和远程教育的推动者在冒进的观念和体制力量的推动下继续向前迈进，而据说人类进步的动力也紧随这两个因素成为原因之一。这些推动者只想通过宣称“这就是未来”去击败那些处于守势的怀疑者并且让那些经验丰富的教育工作者们相信自己已经被历史淘汰了。这些认定人类有一个在线未来的单调的好像祷文似的宣言在学术殿堂里有了他们的回声，而这些回声含糊地用历史先例（比如文字和印刷术的发明）来作为证明。然而仅仅在一两年之后，潮流就不再顺应这些人了，他们丧失了动力，信心也动摇了。

b. translate the following sentences into english.

(1) to relieve the heavy traffic, the new plan takes advantage of existing bus routes and encourages more walking and biking by residents and other tourists.

(2) the impact of the web on education is likely to be profound. it is already being used in novel ways to allow students access to the latest breakthroughs in scientific discovery years before they are likely to appear in textbooks.

(3) great progress of the human society requires a complete rethinking of education, both in terms of the curriculum, and in the development of pedagogies that insure that every student acquires the high level of skills needed to thrive in the dynamic world of the 21st century.

(4) in 2006, beijing municipal government started to adopt all kinds of measures to purify the air and planned to actively control the weather to manifest a sun-drenched city to all the visitors during the 2008 beijing olympic games.

(5) a plug-in is a computer program that interacts with a host application to provide a certain, usually very specific, function “on demand”.

(6) the objective of off-site supervision is to quickly identify negative trends and emerging problems and resolve the issues before they become so serious that they could negatively affect the whole condition.

(7) one of the most important tasks confronting enterprises administrators is how they will integrate market-oriented thinking into planning theory and procedures.

(8) the joint chiefs of staff told defense minister that military needed an improved ability to respond to such an attack, including state-of-the-art weapons capable of destroying a nuclear missile.

text b the information revolution will transform education

ii. key to exercises

1. f

2. t

3. f

4. f

5. f

6. f

7. t

8. f

9. f10. t

unit 3

text a for students seeking edge, one major just isn’t enough 2. vocabulary

(1) hone (2) amass (3) faltering (4) marketable (5) internship

(6) extracurricular (7) savvy (8) far-flung (9) credential (10) intriguing

4. cloze

(1) potential (2) advantage (3) achieve (4) communicate (5) derives

(6) maintain(7) organization (8) special (9) related(10) chart

(11) position (12) knowledge (13) of (14) inherent(15) by

(16) than (17) whose (18) high (19) source(20) another

5. translation

a. translate the following paragraph into chinese.

一个人正在海边的一些洞穴里探险。在其中的一个洞穴里他发现了一个帆布袋子，里面有一堆已经变硬的泥球。好像是有过什么人将黏土滚成球，然后放在太阳下烘烤。它们看上去没有什么特别的，但是这个人还是把它们带走了。

沿着海岸漫步时，他奋力将那些泥球一个个扔进大海。他几乎什么也没想，直到无意间一个泥球掉在地上，一下裂开了。里面是一颗宝石。这个人好兴奋，把剩下的泥球都掰开了。每个里面都有一颗类似的宝石。

这个人本可以把所有的宝石都带回家，但只带回了几颗，而把大部分都扔到大海里去了。人也是这样。有些人的外表平平常常的，没意思，毫不吸引人。但是每个人都蕴藏着宝石。《圣经》说我们是“令人敬畏、令人赞叹的作品”。要透过表面看内里。花时间去认识一个人，泥土就会渐渐脱落，露出光芒四射的宝石。

b. translate the following sentences into english.

(1) in current economy, knowledge becomes the basic factor of production.

intangible assets count for much of a company’s assets. (2) “you’re right, of course, there are lots of young people around nowadays, all with

de grees, but a university degree doesn’t automatically confer talent on you.”

(3) students who have too many part-time jobs often do not have enough time or

energy for homework and miss out on social and intellectual development gained

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8) from school activities. after long intense work, we have finally accomplished the overwhelming task, and are slacking

off now. the executive board of the ioc will narrow down the candidate cities again before a final decision is made. when they make some small contribution, they swell with pride and brag about it for fear that others will not know. today international cultural exchange goes directly and indirectly, its scope, content, form and method unheard of before the present time. to readjust the objective of the economic management undergraduate education

to fit in with the development of the social economy is the most urgent task of the economic management specialty reform.

text b your career matters: no longer just eggheads, linguists leap to the net—vocabulary resource managers’ and knowledge engineers’ are suddenly in demand

ii. key to the exercises

1. f

2. f

3. t

4. t

5. t

6. f

7. t

8. t

9. f 10. f

unit 4

text a the syncranization of the world economies

2. vocabulary

(1) downturn (2) synchronize (3) wring (4) diversification (5) globalization

(6) discourage (7) unison (8) stagnant (9) align (10) exacerbate

4. cloze

(1) globalization (2) breakthroughs (3) drastically (4) invention

(5) investments

(6) transportation (7) suddenly(8) attracted (9) populated (10) imported

(11) economies (12) fluctuations (13) extremely (14) participated (15) surplus

(16) bargain(17) beneficial (18) enormously (19) wages (20) standards

5. translation

a. translate the following paragraph into chinese.

资本项目记录一国与世界其他国家之间的投资及资本交易。资本的流入或流出通常称为资本交易，包括长期的和短期的资本流动。资

本流入计入资本项目中的贷方，资本流出计入借方。

资本项目包括三个分项：直接投资、有价证券投资和短期资本。直接投资通常指在国外建立一个工厂或销售网络。投资者可以控制或

分享控制公司的销售、生产和研究开发。直接投资一般是指拥有10%以上的股权。外国有价证券投资包括期限在一年以上的国际交易。

比如，购买外国公司的股票。短期资本是指一国的国际金融资产和

债务期限为一年或少于一年的净额变化。短期资本流动包括在国际

贸易和国际金融中发生的日常收入和支出。

国际收支平衡表中设有”错误与遗漏”项目。主要考虑到统计上的错误。设立这一项目是为了使整个借方和贷方达到算术上的平衡。

官方储备资产项目主要包括黄金储备、可兑换的外汇储备、特别提

款权的配额及国际货币基金组织的贮备头寸。

b. translate the following sentences into english.

(1) some competitors drag you down to their level and beat

you with experience.

(2) for a while she went, as sams representative, to help

smooth out initial working problems.

(3) most people thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.

(4) it is the first time for china to undertake such a gigantic project. many people once suspected whether the project

would be completed on schedule?

(5) chinas telecom industry still maintains rapid growth in

spite of global recession.

(6) the consumer price level rose by 0.4 percent, reversing the trend of decline for two consecutive years starting from 1998.

(7) this company gives us a seductive offer on engineering the merger with us.

(8) economics must still contend with scarcity as a basic fact

of life.

text b just say no: jose bove has made a career as a professional agitator; his latest target: globalization

ii. key to the exercises

1. f

2. f

3. t

4. f

5. t

6. t

7. t 8, f 9. f 10. t

unit 5

text a men are from mars, women are from venus

1. vocabulary

(1) perceive (2) odds (3) fantasize (4) autonomy

(5) unsolicited (6) touchy (7) empathy (8) anticipate

2. cloze

(1) duty (2) real (3) position (4) pressure

(5) attractive (6) suspicion (7) authoritative (8) damned

(9) hardly (10) dangers (11) between (12) than

(13) oppression (14) defining (15) then (16) trap

(17) requires (18) privilege (19) prop (20) saving

3. translation

a. translate the following paragraph into chinese.

英语中我们说“美丽的女人，”但是“英俊的男子。”“英俊”即男性的美丽，男人们拒绝用“美丽”这个词，因为它是专门留给女人的，这句恭维已经日积月累带上了一定的贬意。在法语和意大利语中人们仍会用“美丽”来形容男人，看来天主教国家不像深受基督教新教影响的国家，仍然保留了一些异教徒对美丽的欣赏。但这类差别即便存在，也只是程度上略有不同而已。在所有基督教或后基督教的